LittletoN, Judge,
delivered the opinion of the court:
Plaintiff brings suit to recover disability retired pay of which plaintiff alleges he was deprived by the arbitrary actions of the Department of the Army.
Plaintiff contends that on the facts established by the record in this case, he had become totally and permanently incapacitated for active duty by reason of a disability incurred as an incident of his active military service and was therefore entitled to disability retirement and pay at the time of his separation from the service on March 20,1946.
Defendant contends that plaintiff has failed to establish facts which would warrant such conclusions and, in addition, that plaintiff may not recover in any event because this court lacks jurisdiction of his claim for the reasons that (1) under applicable law, only the President or his administrative officers may determine whether or not a military officer is incapacitated for active service and (2) plaintiff’s claim is [487]*487barred by the six-year statute of limitations applicable to suits in this court because his separation from active duty took place more than six years prior to the filing of his petition.
Considering first defendant’s argument concerning the bar of the statute of limitations, the majority of the court has for some time past taken the position that a suit for disability retired pay is not barred where the claim is based on an alleged arbitrary refusal to grant a hearing or, if a hearing has been granted, on an alleged arbitrary determination that the plaintiff was not permanently incapacitated for active service by reason of service incurred disability at the time of his separation from active duty where the refusal or determination occurred within six years of the filing of the petition. On the basis of those decisions, plaintiff’s claim is not barred since the alleged arbitrary actions of the Adjutant General all took place within six years of the filing of plaintiff’s petition herein.1
With reference to defendant’s other jurisdictional argument, it seems to be defendant’s position that the Department of the Army has a sort of exclusive jurisdiction to determine eligibility for disability retirement benefits in the same manner as the Veterans’ Administration has exclusive jurisdiction to determine finally all questions of law or fact concerning eligibility for benefits or payments under acts administered by the Veterans’ Administration. (See 54 Stat. 1193, 1197)
The statutes covering disability retirement and disability retirement pay confer no such exclusive •jurisdiction on the administering government agency. While it is true that this court cannot confer the status of disability retirement on a member or former member of the armed forces, any more than it can restore a wrongfully discharged civil service employee to his job with the Federal Government, it has long been held that this court has jurisdiction to render judgment for the pay which was denied the claimant by the arbitrary or capricious actions of the administrative agency [488]*488of the Government. Dismuke v. United States, 297 U. S. 167; Uhley v. United States, 137 C. Cls. 275; Gordon v. United States, 129 C. Cls. 270; Suter v. United States, decided this day, ante, p. 466.
The next question is whether or not the Army acted arbitrarily and capriciously in denying plaintiff a hearing and in refusing to confer upon plaintiff the status of disability retirement, with pay. Plaintiff contends that such actions of the Army were arbitrary and capricious because the record in this case establishes that at the time of plaintiff’s separation from military service on March 20, 1946, he was totally and permanently incapacitated for active military service by reason of a disability incurred in line of duty. The facts established by the record are set forth in detail in the findings of fact and will only be summarized herein.
Plaintiff, who for 19 years had been a member of the National Guard in Puerto Bico, was called to active duty in the Army of the United States on October 15, 1940. Prior to that time plaintiff had enjoyed good health and had led an active business and social life. He was a man of slight build, being approximately 5 feet 6 inches in height, and at the time of his pre-induction physical examination in December 1940, his weight was 127% pounds. Beginning sometime in 1943, and continuing throughout the remainder of plaintiff’s active military service, he complained to brother officers of abdominal pain. He neither sought nor received medical treatment from the Army physicians or from private physicians for these symptoms while on active duty because the pain would finally disappear without the need for treatment. While plaintiff was stationed in Hawaii during the last year of his service, he continued to suffer with these pains but told brother officers that he did not want to report to the hospital for treatment because such action on his part might have a bad effect on the morale of the men under his command.
Despite plaintiff’s abdominal discomfort, at the time of his terminal physical examination in December 1945, plaintiff’s weight had increased to 131 pounds and his chest and waist measurements had also increased. The report of his examination showed him to be qualified in all ways for full [489]*489military service. Plaintiff does not suggest that the examination was superficial. Plaintiff’s terminal leave expired on March 20,1946, and he was released from active service, not by reason of physical disability.
In April 1946, plaintiff returned to work as a field engineer for his former employer, the Puerto Eico Construction Administration. In May 1946, plaintiff consulted a private physician, Dr. Fernandez, in Puerto Eico, in connection with his abdominal pain. Dr. Fernandez usually treated plaintiff in plaintiff’s home and diagnosed plaintiff’s ailment as a suspected duodenal ulcer.
In November 1946, plaintiff ceased working for the Puerto Eico Eeconstruction Administration because of the increased intensity and frequency of his attacks of abdominal pain, and in June 1941, plaintiff entered the San Patricio Veterans’ Hospital in Puerto Eico for examination and treatment.
During plaintiff’s hospitalization in June 1947, gastrointestinal X-rays were taken and his stool was examined, both with negative results. Insofar as his abdominal symptoms were concerned, the diagnosis of the Veterans’ Hospital was that the pain was caused by psychoneurosis, anxiety.
In the summer of 1947, plaintiff and his family moved to Falls Church, Virginia, where plaintiff has since lived. Plaintiff then became the patient of Dr. Podolnick, a private physician, who treated him for nervous spasm of the intestines with anti-spasmodic drugs and sedatives until the winter of 1948. During that time plaintiff continued to lose weight, had poor appetite, and suffered from increasing abdominal pain. He did not attempt to work until late in 1948, when he secured a job as salesman for Sears Eoebuck and Company, in Arlington, Virginia.
In January 1949, plaintiff entered Mt. Alto Veterans’ Hospital in Washington, D. C., where he again received a complete physical examination, including gastro-intestinal X-rays. By that time plaintiff’s weight had gone down to about 100 pounds.
On February 11, 1949, plaintiff was operated on, and approximately five inches of the large intestine were found to be malignant and were removed along with a large segment of Gerota’s capsule and the peri-renal fat tissue.
[490]*490In April 1949, the Veterans’ Administration began an investigation to determine whether or not plaintiff’s cancer was service connected. It was ultimately determined that plaintiff’s disability was service connected, he was rated 100 percent disabled as of January 28,1949, and granted the proper disability pension.
In the spring of 1949, following his discharge from Mt. Alto Veterans’ Hospital, plaintiff returned to his position of salesman for Sears Roebuck and Company in Arlington. On November 15, 1949, plaintiff applied to the Department of the Army for disability retirement, with pay, and, at plaintiff’s request, the Veterans’ Administration forwarded to Army officials a statement concerning plaintiff’s medical record with the Veterans’ Administration.
On February 9,1950, the Adjutant General wrote to plaintiff advising him that his entire record, including his letter and the statement furnished by the Veterans’ Administration, had been carefully reviewed by competent medical authorities in the Department of the Army and that it had been determined that the defect from which plaintiff was suffering was not considered to have been incapacitating for general military service while plaintiff was on active duty. The Adjutant General advised plaintiff that under the circumstances, plaintiff’s appearance before. a physical evaluation board (formerly an Army retiring board) did not appear to be warranted. The letter also pointed out that plaintiff’s eligibility for a disability pension from the Veterans’ Administration was determined under statutes quite different from those covering his right, if any, to disability retirement benefits.
On August 8, 1950, the Disabled American Veterans organization wrote on plaintiff’s behalf to the Adjutant General requesting that plaintiff be allowed to appear before a physical evaluation board to determine his eligibility for disability retirement. In support of this application there was submitted an affidavit of a brother officer of plaintiff who stated that he had served with plaintiff in World War II and that during that time plaintiff had suffered frequently from severe stomach pain but had not sought medical treatment because the pain would disappear without such treatment. There were also submitted an affidavit of plaintiff’s doctor in [491]*491Puerto Rico, Dr. Fernandez, concerning his treatment of plaintiff’s condition as duodenal ulcer, and a deposition made by Dr. Fernandez before a field examiner of the Veterans’ Administration concerning the basis on which he made the affidavit submitted. The deposition and the report of the field examiner (also submitted with this application to the Army) revealed that Dr. Fernandez had kept no office records on plaintiff and had made the affidavit from memory. An affidavit of Dr. Podolnick of Falls Church, Virginia, was submitted concerning his treatment beginning in the summer of 1947. Plaintiff’s medical records in the Veterans’ Administration were submitted, along with the statement of the Veterans’ Administration, which had been previously submitted to the Adjutant General, concerning plaintiff’s treatment at Mt. Alto Hospital, and the granting of a Veterans’ Administration disability pension on the basis of 100 percent disability incurred by plaintiff in active military service.
On September 21, 1950, the Adjutant General wrote to the Disabled American Veterans organization stating that the application for an opportunity for plaintiff to appear before a physical evaluation board had been considered in the light of plaintiff’s entire record, including the material submitted by plaintiff; that the record had been carefully reviewed by competent medical authorities in the Department ; that the record revealed that plaintiff had served from October 15, 1940 to March 20, 1946, on active duty and that during that time he had not sought medical treatment for any gastro-intestinal condition; that plaintiff’s terminal physical examination on December 4,1945 revealed no defect rendering plaintiff unfit for military service, and that his release from active duty was not due to physical disability. The letter noted that under applicable law, one of the primary requisites for establishing eligibility for disability retirement pay benefits was that the individual must have been unfit to perform his duties while serving on active duty. The Adjutant General was of the opinion that plaintiff had failed to establish that requisite and that his appearance before a physical evaluation board was therefore not warranted.
On August 25,1952, plaintiff filed an application with the Army Board for the Correction of Military Records to have [492]*492bis record corrected to show him eligible for disability retirement pay. In support of this application plaintiff submitted the same documents which had accompanied his previous application to the Adjutant General, and in addition plaintiff submitted two additional affidavits. One affidavit was by Colonel Rafael Moría who had served with plaintiff from 1940 to 1945 and had known plaintiff for more than 15 years. Colonel Moría stated that from May 1945 to October 1945 plaintiff had been in poor health and was constantly complaining of abdominal pain, but that plaintiff had refused to report to a hospital because he preferred to stay with the men in his command. Colonel Moría stated that he saw plaintiff following his separation from the service and that his health had grown increasingly worse. Colonel Moría stated that prior to plaintiff’s entry on active duty in 1940, he had enjoyed excellent health.
The other affidavit submitted to the Correction Board was that of Guillermo Esteves, Assistant Administrator of plaintiff’s employer in Puerto Rico. Mr. Esteves stated that he had known plaintiff for 20 years; that his health had been good prior to his entry on active service in 1940, but that after his return to the Administration to work in April 1946, plaintiff had been frequently ill, and in November 1946 had been compelled to resign.
In June 1953, plaintiff was reexamined by the Yeterans’ Administration which found his condition to have so improved that his disability rating was reduced from 100 percent to 20 percent. By that time plaintiff’s weight had increased to 138 pounds and he no longer suffered from abdominal pain, although he tired easily and engaged in little if any social life.
On April 23, 1954, at the request of the Army Board for the Correction of Military Records, the Acting Adjutant General wrote plaintiff advising that a thorough examination of all the records and the information submitted by plaintiff failed to reveal material evidence of error or injustice in plaintiff’s records regarding his separation from military service, not by reason of physical disability, on March 20, 1946, sufficient to warrant a formal review of his case by the correction board, and that in the absence of additional [493]*493material evidence, no further action on plaintiff’s application was contemplated.
The documents introduced in evidence herein are those which were submitted by plaintiff to the Army Board for the Correction of Military Records. Some, but not all, of those documents had been submitted in support of plaintiff’s previous applications for hearings before a retiring board and a physical evaluation board. In addition to that evidence, and in further support of plaintiff’s contention that the Army acted arbitrarily, plaintiff offered in evidence the testimony of two medical experts. Neither of these physicians had testified before the Army Boards, since no hearings were granted or held, and for that reason defendant objected to the admission of their testimony to prove that the boards had acted arbitrarily. The commissioner of the court permitted the introduction of this evidence and findings have been made concerning the testimony objected to. The commissioner’s ruling was correct and is approved.
The two physicians were called as witnesses by plaintiff to testify as experts on the questions (1) whether plaintiff’s disability was service connected, and (2) whether at the time of plaintiff’s release from active service plaintiff was incapacitated for such service. The opinions which these two physicians were called upon to express have, of course, a direct bearing upon the ultimate issue to be decided in this case, and accordingly, the use of such expert testimony is warranted only if the inferences to be drawn therefrom are so distinctively related to some science, profession or occupation as to be beyond the ken of the average layman.
On the question of whether or not the cancer from which plaintiff was ultimately found to be suffering was incurred during the period of his active military service, we suppose the use of expert medical testimony might well be of assistance to the court and therefore warranted. However, the various boards which passed on plaintiff’s applications did not deny his claim on the ground that service connection had not been established, but rather on the ground that he had failed to establish incapacity for active duty at the time of Ms discharge from service. On that question, the opinion of medical experts who had had no opportunity to see or [494]*494examine plaintiff at the time of his discharge or for some time thereafter, may or may not be of probative value depending upon the nature of the ailment, the facts and circumstances of the case, and the bases on which the opinions were given.
Both of the medical witnesses who testified based their opinions on the evidence already of récord in the trial and, as noted above, that evidence consisted of the documents and medical records which had been submitted by plaintiff to the Army Board for the Correction of Military Records. After an examination of those records, the Adjutant General had concluded that they did not tend to establish the fact that plaintiff was incapacitated for active service at the time of his discharge and had accordingly denied plaintiff a formal hearing on his applications. After their examination of the same records, plaintiff’s two medical witnesses were of the opinion that plaintiff must have been incapacitated for active duty at the time of his discharge in March 1946.
Dr. Inguagiato, who was the surgeon who had assisted at the operation performed on plaintiff at Mt. Alto Veterans’ Hospital in February 1949, expressed the opinion that plaintiff’s cancer probably had its inception during the period of his active military service. As noted above, this opinion was based on the evidence which had been tendered to the Adjutant General and made a part of the record in this case, including particularly plaintiff’s medical records which contained a comparison of the X-rays of plaintiff’s gastrointestinal tract taken by the Veterans’ Administration in 1947 and in 1949. The comparison and interpretation of these two sets of X-rays had been made by a Dr. Bersack, Chief of the X-ray Department of the Veterans’ Administration in Washington, D. C. Dr. Bersack did not testify at the trial of this case. Dr. Bersack’s written report, introduced in evidence and shown to Dr. Inguagiato during his testimony, indicated that the 1947 films showed slight if any evidence of abnormality, but that viewed in comparison with films of the same area in 1949, it was possible to see evidence of the defect which was quite clear on the 1949 films. (Finding 25.) 'Dr. Inguagiato conceded that it was difficult to determine with exactness when this defect first had its inception, but [495]*495he was of the opinion that, in view of the extent to which the cancer had spread at the time of the February 1949 operation, it was quite probable that the cancer had been in existence at the time of plaintiff’s discharge from military service in 1946.
Dr. Inguagiato then expressed the opinion that although he had not seen plaintiff prior to his admission to Mt. Alto Veterans’ Hospital in January 1949, and despite the fact that plaintiff had apparently performed full military service up to the time of his discharge in March 1946, he must have been totally incapacitated for such service at the time of his discharge.
Dr. Podolnick, plaintiff’s private physician, was the other medical witness for plaintiff. On the basis of his knowledge of plaintiff’s condition from the summer of 1947, and on the basis of the evidence introduced at the trial, all of which evidence had been before the correction board, Dr. Podol-nick expressed the opinion that plaintiff must have been in-capacited for active military service by reason of cancer at the time of his discharge.
We have given serious consideration to the opinions expressed by the two medical experts who testified, both' in the light of their qualifications, and in the light of the bases on which they reached the opinions expressed, and we have reached the conclusion that while the admission of their testimony was not erroneous, their testimony was of no probative value in view of all other facts and circumstances of record. Cf. The Conqueror, 166 U. S. 110. On the matter of plaintiff’s incapacity for active service prior to discharge, the record contains no direct evidence which was not before the Army Board for the Correction of Military Records, and the only direct evidence bearing on such incapacity is the affidavits of brother officers that plaintiff had complained from time to time of abdominal pain. On the other hand, the records which were before the boards and before this court establish that plaintiff never sought medical treatment for such abdominal pain and that on the occasion of his terminal physical examination in December 1945, plaintiff was then found to be in good physical condition and fit for full active service. There is no assertion that the terminal [496]*496physical examination was a superficial one or that plaintiff even disclosed to the doctors at that time the fact that he had suffered frequent abdominal symptoms. These latter facts were called to the attention of the medical witnesses who then pointed out that a good soldier, which plaintiff was, might well go on performing his military duties satisfactorily although in exceedingly poor health. While we do not doubt that such might be the case, we think that the record in this case does not establish that this was the situation during the final months of plaintiff’s active military service. While plaintiff may have had incipient cancer of the intestine during the later part of his active military service, the symptoms were not then disabling and we know of no Army regulation which lists cancer as a disease, the presence of which renders an individual unfit for military service. Under recognized medical principles, a cancer such as that from which plaintiff was suffering can often be arrested, if not eliminated altogether, by an operation during the early stages. In this case, an operation performed nearly four years after plaintiff’s discharge, has apparently completely arrested the condition and plaintiff’s present poor health which would undoubtedly disqualify him for active service at this time, does not appear to have any connection with the cancer which was removed in 1949.
We are of the opinion that plaintiff has not established that he was incapacitated for active service at the time of his discharge in 1946, or that the Army acted arbitrarily in refusing to grant him a formal hearing on his applications therefor, or in denying him disability retirement with pay. Accordingly, plaintiff’s petition will be dismissed.
It is so ordered.
MaddeN, Judge; Whitaker, Judge; and Johes, Ohief Judge, concur.
LaeamoRe, Judge, concurs in the result.
FINDINGS OF FACT
The court, having considered the evidence, the report of Commissioner Paul H. McMurray, and the briefs and arguments of counsel, makes findings of fact as follows:
[497]*4971. The plaintiff, who for 19 years had been a member of the National Guard, was called to active duty on October 15,1940.
2. The report of plaintiff’s physical examination in December 1940, for entry on active duty, showed him to be physically qualified for military service. His height was approximately 5 feet 6 inches; his weight 127% pounds. Prior to his entry on active duty, plaintiff had worked for the Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration as a construction engineer, had enjoyed good health, and had led an active social life.
3. Beginning in 1943, and continuing throughout the remainder of plaintiff’s active military service, plaintiff from time to time experienced abdominal pain. Plaintiff neither sought nor received medical treatment for such symptoms while on active duty.
4. The report of plaintiff’s terminal physical examination in December 1945 showed him to be qualified for full military service. His weight had increased to 131 pounds, and his chest and waist measurements had increased.
5. Plaintiff’s terminal leave expired on March 20,1946, and he was released from military service, not by reason of physical disability.
6. In April 1946, plaintiff returned to his former position as field engineer with the Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration.
7. In May 1946, plaintiff consulted a private physician, Dr. Manuel Pavia Fernandez, in Puerto Rico, in connection with his abdominal discomfort. Dr. Fernandez treated plaintiff for a suspected duodenal ulcer for approximately one year.
8. In November 1946, plaintiff ceased working for the Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration because of the increased intensity and frequency of his attacks of abdominal pain.
9. In June 1947, plaintiff entered the San Patricio Veterans’ Hospital in Puerto Rico for treatment of the above symptoms. During his hospitalization from June 2 to June 10, 1947, X-rays were taken (gastro-intestinal series, barium enema) and his stool was examined. No abnormality was diagnosed or reported at that time and he was discharged [498]*498on June 10,1947, with a diagnosis of psychoneurosis, anxiety, insofar as his abdominal symptoms were concerned.
10. Shortly after his discharge from the San Patricio Veterans’ Hospital on June 10,1947, plaintiff and his family moved to the United States where he has since lived. He then consulted Dr. Nelson Podolnick, a private physician in Falls Church, Virginia, concerning his severe abdominal pain, loss of appetite, and loss of weight. Because plaintiff told Dr. Podolnick that he had just had gastrointestinal X-rays in Puerto Rico, the doctor did not suggest that further X-rays be taken and treated plaintiff’s symptoms as “nervous spasm of the intestines” with anti-spasmodic drugs and sedatives.
11. During the remainder of 1947, and throughout 1948, plaintiff continued to suffer from abdominal pain, poor appetite, and loss of weight. He took a course in drafting, but was unemployed until the end of 1948 when he secured a position as salesman for Sears Roebuck and Company, Arlington, Virginia.
12. In January 1949, plaintiff entered Mt. Alto Veterans’ Hospital in Washington, D. C., where he received a complete physical examination, including gastro-intestinal X-rays. At that time plaintiff was suffering from severe abdominal pain and his weight had gone down to about 100 pounds. On February 11, 1949, surgeons at the hospital operated to remove approximately five inches of the large intestine which were determined to be malignant. An end to end anasto-mosis was made and a cecostomy was performed. In addition, a large segment of Gerota’s capsule (the capsule around the kidney) and the peri-renal fat issue were removed because the malignant growth had grown outside the bowel, through the bowel wall and into the fat tissue around the kidney.
13. In April 1949, the Veterans’ Administration began an investigation to determine whether plaintiff’s cancer was service connected. It was ultimately determined that his disability was service connected and plaintiff was rated 100 percent disabled as of January 28,1949.
14. In the spring of 1949, following his discharge from the hospital, plaintiff returned to his position as salesman for Sears Roebuck and Company in Arlington.
[499]*49915. On November 15, 1949, plaintiff, for the first time, made application to the Army for disability retirement. At plaintiff’s request, the Veterans’ Administration forwarded to the Army officials a statement concerning plaintiff’s medical record.
16. On February 9, 1950, the Adjutant General wrote to plaintiff advising him that his entire record, including his letter and the statement furnished by the Veterans’ Administration, had been carefully reviewed by competent medical authorities in the Department of the Army and it had been determined that the defect from which plaintiff suffered was not considered to have been incapacitating for general military service while plaintiff was on active duty.
The. Adjutant General advised plaintiff that under the circumstances, plaintiff’s appearance before a physical evaluation board (formerly an Army retiring board) was not warranted. The letter pointed out that plaintiff’s disability pension had been granted him by the Veterans’ Administration pursuant to different statutes from those covering disability retirement, and that the bases for eligibility under the pension and retirement statutes were different.
17. On August 8, 1950, the Disabled American Veterans organization wrote to the Adjutant General requesting that plaintiff be allowed to appear before a physical evaluation board (formerly known as the Army retiring board). In support of this application there were submitted the following documents:
(1) An affidavit, dated February 8, 1949, by Colonel (Inf. Ees.) Eamon E. Guas, who stated therein that plaintiff had been a member of his command for about 15 months during World War II, first in New Orleans, and later in Hawaii; that during that time plaintiff had suffered frequently irom severe stomach pains but had not sought medical treatment because the pain would disappear without such treatment;
(2) An affidavit, dated February 16, 1949, by Dr. Manuel Pavia Fernandez of Puerto Eico, in connection with the matter of plaintiff’s disability pension from the Veterans’ Administration, stating therein that plaintiff had been under his care from May 1946 to May 1947, and that he had diagnosed plaintiff’s ailment as a duodenal ulcer;
[500]*500(3) A deposition by Dr. Fernandez taken on June 20, 1949, in Puerto Rico, before a field examiner of the Veterans’ Administration. The deposition was taken to determine whether the affidavit furnished by Dr. Fernandez on February 16, 1949 (referred to in subpara-graph 2 above) had been made from memory or from the doctor’s records. The deposition revealed that the affidavit had been made from memory; that the doctor had kept no records concerning plaintiff because the doctor saw plaintiff at his home; that the doctor had diagnosed plaintiff’s ailment as duodenal ulcer without benefit of X-ray because he had understood from plaintiff that X-rays had previously been taken at a Veterans’ Administration hospital;1 that plaintiff had come to him in May 1946, complaining that he had been suffering from abdominal pain for some time past; that the doctor had made no laboratory examinations and that he had prescribed alkalies, diet, anti-spasmodics and codein to relieve plaintiff’s symptoms;
(4) A report of the field investigation made by a Veterans’ Administration field examiner on June 29, 1949, noted that Dr. Fernandez had been the family doctor and friend of the San Millan family, and had treated plaintiff for ulcer from May 1946 to May 1947; that Dr. Fernandez kept no written records concerning plaintiff and that the affidavit of February 16, 1949, had been made from memory. The field examiner stated that Dr. Fernandez impressed him as a credible witness;
(5) An affidavit of Dr. Nelson Podolnick, Falls Church, Virginia, dated February 22, 1949, in which Dr. Podolnick stated that he had examined plaintiff on July 4, 1947, at which time plaintiff was complaining of abdominal pain, loss of appetite and loss of weight, and that he had prescribed belbarb tablets;
(6) Plaintiff’s clinical record — final summary, covering plaintiff’s hospitalization at Mt. Alto Veterans’ Hospital from January 11 through March 16, and from April 4 to April 11, 1949, describing the operation performed at the hospital in February 1949, plaintiff’s postoperative progress, his treatment and symptoms on readmission, and the final diagnosis of “residuals, adeno-carcinoma of splenic flexure, post-operative, Treated— Improved;”
(7) A copy of the Veterans’ Administration rating sheet in connection with plaintiff’s disability rating of
[501]*501100 percent on June 14, 1949, showing that the disability rating and the finding ox service connection were based upon (a.) the above mentioned affidavit of Dr. Fernandez; (b) plaintiff’s medical records from San Patricio Veterans’ Hospital, Puerto Rico; where his ailment had been diagnosed as psychoneurosis, anxiety; (c) the above affidavit of Colonel Guas; and (d) plaintiff’s medical records at Mt. Alto Veterans’ Hospital in Washington, D. C. The rating sheet concluded that the disability was incurred during plaintiff’s military service in World War II, and had become 100 percent disabling on January 28, 1949;
(8) A letter dated December 5,1949, from Dr. Robert H. Lowery, Chief Medical Officer, Veterans’ Administration, Washington Regional Office #12, to the Adjutant General, in response to plaintiff’s request that the Adjutant General be furnished the medical information concerning plaintiff in the possession of the Veteran’s Administration. The letter described plaintiff’s initial admission to Mt. Alto Veterans’ Hospital in January 1949; plaintiff’s condition upon admission; the operation performed to remove the cancer found; the postoperative progress of plaintiff and his treatment; plaintiff’s readmission to the hospital on March 30,1949, when he had developed a temperature of 101 degrees, accompanied by sharp pain in the mid-axillary line on the left at the level of the tenth interspace; and the treatment of plaintiff on such readmission. The letter stated that the patient was discharged “Maximum Hospital Benefits on April 11,1949.” The Veterans’ Administration final diagnosis of plaintiff’s condition was reported as “Residuals, adeno-carcinoma of splenic flexure, post-operative. Treated-Improved.” The letter also contained the statement that plaintiff’s disability had been incurred while serving in World War II, and that plaintiff was receiving disability pension for 100 percent disability effective January 28, 1949.
18. On September 21,1950, the Adjutant General wrote to the Disabled American Veterans organization stating that plaintiff’s application for an opportunity to appear before a physical evaluation board had been considered in the light of plaintiff’s entire record, including the letter of the veterans’ organization and its enclosures; that the record had been carefully reviewed by competent medical authorities in the Department; that the record revealed that plaintiff had served from October 15,1940 to March 20,1946, on active [502]*502duty, during which time plaintiff did not seek medical treatment for any gastro-intestinal condition; that a terminal physical examination at Fort Buchanan, Puerto Rico, on December 4,1945, did not reveal any defect rendering plaintiff unfit for military service, and accordingly his release from active duty was not due to physical disability. The letter then stated—
The allegation that he complained of gastro-intestinal symptoms at times during his service does not indicate that he was permanently incapacitated for active duty while so serving.
The letter noted that under the applicable law the primary requisite in establishing eligibility for disability retirement pay benefits in the uniformed services was that the individual must have been found unfit to perform his duties while serving on active duty and that because plaintiff failed to meet this requirement, his appearance before a physical evaluation board was not warranted. The letter also noted that the general pension laws administered by the Veterans’ Administration and the laws governing eligibility for disability retirement were quite different, and that eligibility for disability pension from the Veterans’ Administration did not necessarily mean that the individual was also eligible for disability retirement benefits.
19. On August 25,1952, plaintiff filed an application with the Army Board for the Correction of Military Records to have his record corrected to show him eligible for disability retirement pay. In support of the application plaintiff submitted his medical records from the Veterans’ Administration, his Army service medical file, the same affidavits which had previously been submitted in support of his application for a physical evaluation board proceeding, and two additional affidavits:
(1) An affidavit of Colonel Rafael Moría, of San Juan, Puerto Rico, dated August 8,1952, stating that he had known plaintiff for more than 15 years, and that during the years from 1940 to 1945 he and plaintiff had served in the same organization; that from May 1945 to October 1945, plaintiff was in poor health and was constantly complaining óf abdominal pains; that affiant had sugested to plaintiff that he should report to a hos[503]*503pital but plaintiff bad declined to do so, preferring to “stay with his men to the last;” that following plaintiff’s separation from the service, affiant saw him late in 1947 and noted plaintiff to be in poor health and suffering from severe abdominal pain and loss of weight; that thereafter plaintiff was admitted to San Patricio Veterans’ Hospital and later to Mt. Alto Veterans’ Hospital; that prior to 1940 plaintiff had been an active person enjoying excellent health;
(2) An affidavit by Guillermo Esteves, Assistant Administrator, Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration, San Juan, Puerto Rico, dated August 12, 1952, stating that affiant had known plaintiff for 20 years, including the time he was employed by the Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration; that plaintiff’s health had been good prior to his entry on active service in 1940; and that plaintiff had returned to the Administration to work in April 1946, but that because of constant illness he had been forced to leave his job in November 1946.
20. In 1953, plaintiff was operated on for appendicitis. By that time plaintiff’s general condition had much improved and there was no evidence of recurrence or spread of the cancer condition.
21. Following a reexamination of plaintiff in the spring of 1953, the Veterans’ Administration reduced plaintiff’s disability rating from 100 percent to 20 percent, effective June 27,1953. By that time plaintiff’s weight had increased to 138 pounds, his appetite was good, and he no longer suffered from abdominal pain.
22. On April 23, 1954, at the request of the Army Board for the Correction of Military Records, the Acting Adjutant General wrote plaintiff relative to his request for a correction of his Army records (finding 19 above). The letter advised plaintiff that a thorough examination of the records and information submitted by plaintiff failed to reveal material evidence of error or injustice in plaintiff’s records regarding his separation from service, not by reason of physical disability on March 20, 1946, sufficient to warrant a formal review by the correction board, and that in the absence of additional material evidence, no further action on plaintiff’s application for correction was contemplated.
[504]*50423. Plaintiff was not granted a formal bearing in connection with his applications in 1950 and 1951 for disability retirement, nor in connection with his application in 1952 for correction of his military record.
24. In support of his allegations that he had incurred the cancer during his military service in World War II and that he was incapacitated for military service at the time of his discharge in March 1946, plaintiff offered the testimony of two physicians, Dr. Girard J. Inguagiato and Dr. Podol-nick.
25. Dr. Girard J. Inguagiato was the surgeon who assisted at the operation performed on plaintiff at Mt. Alto Veterans’ Hospital in February 1949. Pie expressed the opinion that plaintiff’s cancer probably had its inception during the period of his active military service. This opinion was based on plaintiff’s medical record, including a comparison of X-rays taken in 1947 in Puerto Rico with X-rays taken at Mt. Alto Veterans’ Hospital in 1949. The interpretation and comparison of these two sets of gastro-intestinal X-rays had been made by Dr. S. R. Bersack, Chief, X-ray Department, Veterans’ Administration, Washington, D. C. Dr. Bersack did not testify. The doctors in the Veterans’ Hospital in Puerto Rico had interpreted the 1947 X-rays as showing no abnormality. In his report comparing the 1947 films with those taken in 1949, Dr. Bersack noted that on the 1947 post-evacuation film (taken after the barium had been expelled) there appeared a constricting of the lumen at the distal aspect of the splenic flexure of the colon measuring 2 cm. in length, and he stated:
* * * In retrospect one gets an inkling of this defect being there by the sharply defined and superiorly convex margin of the proximal descending colon. Oblique views would have been necessary to depict this filling defect.
Comparison of our films dated 1-19-49 shows that by the latter date the defect was evidently larger in extent (namely, 4.5 cm.) and, therefore, much more readily demonstrable. * * *
Dr. Inguagiato concluded that, in view of the extent to which plaintiff’s cancer had spread by the time of the operation in February 1949, and accepting the report of Dr. Bersack [505]*505comparing the 1947 and the 1949 X-rays, it was probable that the cancer was in existence at the time of plaintiff’s discharge from military service in March 1946.
Dr. Inguagiato also expressed the opinion that although he had not seen plaintiff prior to his admission to Mt. Alto Veterans’ Hospital in 1949, and despite the fact that plaintiff apparently performed full military service up to the time of his discharge, he must have been totally incapacitated for such service at the time of his discharge.
26. Dr. Podolnick, as noted earlier herein, had become plaintiff’s private physician in 1947 after plaintiff came to live in Falls Church, Virginia. Dr. Podolnick had treated plaintiff for “nervous spasm of the intestines” from 1947 until plaintiff entered Mt. Alto Veterans’ Hospital in 1949. Not having known plaintiff at the time of his discharge from military service in March 1946, Dr. Podolnick was unable to testify concerning plaintiff’s physical condition at that time. However, Dr. Podolnick expressed the opinion that on the basis of the evidence which had been introduced at the trial, plaintiff must have been incapacitated for military service at the time of his discharge.
27. The opinions of both medical witnesses were based on the documentary records which had been before the Army Board for the Correction of Military Records. These records indicated that the plaintiff had never sought medical treatment for his abdominal symptoms while on active duty and that he had been found in good physical condition on his terminal physical examination. Both witnesses recalled instances where soldiers in exceedingly poor health had managed to continue performance of their military duties but such performance of duty did not mean that the men were not actually incapacitated for active service. It was the opinion of both witnesses that plaintiff’s case fell into that category.
28. At the time of the trial, plaintiff’s normal workweek was from Tuesday through Saturday. He was then 53 years of age, contracted minor illnesses easily, and was so tired by the end of each work day that it had become his practice to retire early and to spend most of Sundays and Mondays in bed. He engaged in little if any social activity. Because his [506]*506engineering training in Puerto Rioo did not meet the standards required of construction engineers in the States, and also because plaintiff and his physician felt that engineering work might prove too arduous, plaintiff has not worked in his own field. His wife has worked as an office assistant to a physician in order to help support the household, which includes two minor children. The family has not been able to maintain the standard of living which it enjoyed when plaintiff was able to carry on his field engineering work in Puerto Rico.
29. It is established by the evidence:
(1) That prior to plaintiff’s entry on active military service in 1940 he enjoyed good health and led an active social life;
(2) That from 1943, until the end of plaintiff’s active military service in 1946, plaintiff complained to brother officers of abdominal discomfort which disappeared without medical treatment:
(3) That beginning in May 1946, and at frequent intervals thereafter, plaintiff suffered from and received treatment for abdominal pain, loss of appetite and loss of weight;
(4) That subsequent to his discharge from military service in March 1946, plaintiff’s health has deteriorated; that he has been unable to work since November 1946 until after his operation in February 1949; that since the spring of 1949, plaintiff has been employed as a salesman five days a week, and that he has participated in no social activity, being required to rest when not actually on the job.
(5) That the abdominal growth, diagnosed for the first time as cancer in February 1949, was present at the time the X-rays were taken in June 1947.
30. It is not established by the evidence:
(1) That plaintiff’s cancer was or was not incurred during his period of active military service;
(2) That, if the cancer was incurred during such military service, plaintiff was incapacitated for full military service at the time of his discharge on March 20,1946; and
(3) That on the basis of the record before the Adjutant General or on the basis of the additional evidence adduced at the trial of this suit, the actions of the Adjutant General [507]*507in 1950, 1951 and 1952, denying disability retirement to plaintiff, were arbitrary or capricious.
CONCLUSION OF LAW
Upon tbe foregoing findings of fact, which are made a part of the judgment herein, the court concludes that as a matter of law plaintiff is not entitled to recover and the petition is therefore dismissed.