AFFIRMED and Opinion Filed May 16, 2022
S In The Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas No. 05-21-00208-CV
SAMUEL T. RUSSELL, Appellant V. DALLAS COUNTY TAX AUTHORITY, Appellee
On Appeal from the 14th Judicial District Court Dallas County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. DC-19-09405
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Partida-Kipness, Reichek, and Goldstein Opinion by Justice Reichek Samuel T. Russell, appearing pro se as he did below, appeals the trial court’s
order dismissing his suit without prejudice to refiling with the proper parties and
allegations to support his claim. For reasons set out below, we affirm the trial court’s
order of dismissal.
BACKGROUND
After Russell lost a delinquent tax suit brought against him by various taxing
entities in Dallas County, see Russell v. Dallas Co., No. 05-17-01475-CV, 2019 WL
911713 (Tex. App.—Dallas Feb. 25, 2019, pet. denied) (mem. op.) (the “2017 1 Lawsuit”), he filed this trespass to try title action involving the same property.
Russell named “Dallas County Tax Authority” as the sole defendant, alleging he had
“squatter’s rights” to the property located at 2758 Locust Street in Dallas, Texas, and
DCTA unlawfully took the property from him pursuant to the judgment in the earlier
tax suit. Russell wanted to “retain” the property without back taxes or recover the
money he spent on property.
Over the next two years, Russell sought default judgments against DCTA
based on attempted service on the law firm that represented the plaintiff-taxing units
in the 2017 Lawsuit, Dallas County Clerk John F. Warren, and ultimately Dallas
County Judge Clay Jenkins. DCTA did not file an answer. At a dismissal hearing
on January 5, 2021, Russell appeared by telephone, and an attorney was present via
Zoom “to observe” the proceedings on behalf of DCTA but stated DCTA had not
been properly served.
The following day, the trial court issued a lengthy status order, setting out the
history of the case, the history of the earlier-filed tax case, Russell’s attempts to serve
DCTA, and the problems with his petition. The trial court ordered Russell to amend
his pleadings to state a legally cognizable basis for his claims and reset the case for
the dismissal docket. The court warned that Russell’s failure to appear at the
dismissal hearing or failure to amend his pleadings as ordered would result in the
case being dismissed.
–2– Russell did not file an amended pleading and instead filed a 21-page reply to
the court’s order and renewed his request for default judgment. Thus, at the
subsequent dismissal hearing, at which Russell appeared by Zoom via telephone, the
trial court dismissed his case. In its order, the trial court stated as follows:
The Court confirmed that the judgment in related Tax Case No. TX-17- 00409 did not make the Dallas County Tax Authority the owner of the property located at 2758 Locust Street, Dallas, Texas 75216 (the Property) and Plaintiff Russell’s Fourth Amended Petition in this case still does not have the proper parties and still does not meet the legal requirements for a trespass to try title case as to the Property. Accordingly, the undersigned finds this case should be dismissed without prejudice to the right of Plaintiff Russell to refile with the proper parties and allegations supporting his request; additionally, Plaintiff Russell was encouraged to seek legal counsel to assist him if he intends to proceed.
Russell appealed.
DISCUSSION
In three issues, Russell contends the trial erred by (1) not granting one of his
several motions for default judgment, (2) dismissing his lawsuit when “the rightful
owners of the property had been served and filed no [a]nswer,” and (3) denying him
a jury trial. DCTA did not file a brief. 1
1. Briefing Standards
Before turning to the merits of Russell’s complaints, we first address his brief.
1 This Court received a letter from the attorney representing the “Dallas County Taxing Units which were the subject of a lawsuit filed by Mr. Russell.” The attorney stated that Russell failed to obtain service of process on any of the taxing units and further advised the Court that the taxing units would not be filing a response to the appeal “for the reason that they were never subject to the trial court’s jurisdiction.” –3– It contains seventy-six pages, excluding the appendix, and relies primarily on
passing references to inapplicable authority and generally lacks clarity and
substantive analysis to support his issues.
We construe the rules of appellate procedure reasonably, yet liberally, so that
the right of appeal is not lost by imposing requirements not absolutely necessary to
effect the purpose of the rule. Morton v. Nguyen, 412 S.W.3d 506, 509 (Tex. 2013).
This includes how those rules apply to the pleadings and briefs of a pro se litigant.
In re N.E.B., 251 S.W.3d 211, 211–12 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2008, no pet.). At the
same time, however, we hold pro se litigants to the same standards as licensed
attorneys and require them to comply with applicable laws and rules of procedure.
To do otherwise would give a pro se litigant an unfair advantage over a litigant
represented by counsel. Id.
The Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure control the required contents and
organization of an appellant’s brief. See TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1; ERI Consulting
Eng’rs, Inc. v. Swinnea, 318 S.W.3d 867, 880 (Tex. 2010). Under those rules, to
present an issue to this Court, an appellant’s brief must, among other things,
concisely state all issues or points presented for review and “contain a clear and
concise argument for contentions made, with appropriate citations to authorities and
to the record.” See TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(f); see also Pak v. Ad Villarai, LLC, No. 05-
14-01312-CV, 2018 WL 2077602, at *3 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2018, pet. denied)
(mem. op.). Bare assertions of error, without argument or authority, waive error.
–4– Fredonia State Bank v. Gen. Am. Life Ins. Co., 881 S.W.2d 279, 284 (Tex. 1994)
(explaining appellate court has discretion to waive points of error due to inadequate
briefing). With this in mind, we turn to Russell’s issues.
2. Failure to Grant Default Judgment
In his first issue, Russell contends the trial court erred by denying his many
motions for default judgment.
A default judgment is improper against a defendant who has not been served
in strict compliance with the law, accepted or waived service, or entered an
appearance. TEX. R. CIV. P. 124; Wilson v. Dunn, 800 S.W.2d 833, 836 (Tex. 1990).
The party requesting service must ensure that proper service is accomplished and
that the record reflects proper service. Id. Without notice via the required service
of citation or a waiver thereof, nothing short of a general appearance will confer
personal jurisdiction upon the trial court. Cotton v. Cotton, 57 S.W.3d 506, 511
(Tex. App.—Waco 2001, no pet..
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
AFFIRMED and Opinion Filed May 16, 2022
S In The Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas No. 05-21-00208-CV
SAMUEL T. RUSSELL, Appellant V. DALLAS COUNTY TAX AUTHORITY, Appellee
On Appeal from the 14th Judicial District Court Dallas County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. DC-19-09405
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Partida-Kipness, Reichek, and Goldstein Opinion by Justice Reichek Samuel T. Russell, appearing pro se as he did below, appeals the trial court’s
order dismissing his suit without prejudice to refiling with the proper parties and
allegations to support his claim. For reasons set out below, we affirm the trial court’s
order of dismissal.
BACKGROUND
After Russell lost a delinquent tax suit brought against him by various taxing
entities in Dallas County, see Russell v. Dallas Co., No. 05-17-01475-CV, 2019 WL
911713 (Tex. App.—Dallas Feb. 25, 2019, pet. denied) (mem. op.) (the “2017 1 Lawsuit”), he filed this trespass to try title action involving the same property.
Russell named “Dallas County Tax Authority” as the sole defendant, alleging he had
“squatter’s rights” to the property located at 2758 Locust Street in Dallas, Texas, and
DCTA unlawfully took the property from him pursuant to the judgment in the earlier
tax suit. Russell wanted to “retain” the property without back taxes or recover the
money he spent on property.
Over the next two years, Russell sought default judgments against DCTA
based on attempted service on the law firm that represented the plaintiff-taxing units
in the 2017 Lawsuit, Dallas County Clerk John F. Warren, and ultimately Dallas
County Judge Clay Jenkins. DCTA did not file an answer. At a dismissal hearing
on January 5, 2021, Russell appeared by telephone, and an attorney was present via
Zoom “to observe” the proceedings on behalf of DCTA but stated DCTA had not
been properly served.
The following day, the trial court issued a lengthy status order, setting out the
history of the case, the history of the earlier-filed tax case, Russell’s attempts to serve
DCTA, and the problems with his petition. The trial court ordered Russell to amend
his pleadings to state a legally cognizable basis for his claims and reset the case for
the dismissal docket. The court warned that Russell’s failure to appear at the
dismissal hearing or failure to amend his pleadings as ordered would result in the
case being dismissed.
–2– Russell did not file an amended pleading and instead filed a 21-page reply to
the court’s order and renewed his request for default judgment. Thus, at the
subsequent dismissal hearing, at which Russell appeared by Zoom via telephone, the
trial court dismissed his case. In its order, the trial court stated as follows:
The Court confirmed that the judgment in related Tax Case No. TX-17- 00409 did not make the Dallas County Tax Authority the owner of the property located at 2758 Locust Street, Dallas, Texas 75216 (the Property) and Plaintiff Russell’s Fourth Amended Petition in this case still does not have the proper parties and still does not meet the legal requirements for a trespass to try title case as to the Property. Accordingly, the undersigned finds this case should be dismissed without prejudice to the right of Plaintiff Russell to refile with the proper parties and allegations supporting his request; additionally, Plaintiff Russell was encouraged to seek legal counsel to assist him if he intends to proceed.
Russell appealed.
DISCUSSION
In three issues, Russell contends the trial erred by (1) not granting one of his
several motions for default judgment, (2) dismissing his lawsuit when “the rightful
owners of the property had been served and filed no [a]nswer,” and (3) denying him
a jury trial. DCTA did not file a brief. 1
1. Briefing Standards
Before turning to the merits of Russell’s complaints, we first address his brief.
1 This Court received a letter from the attorney representing the “Dallas County Taxing Units which were the subject of a lawsuit filed by Mr. Russell.” The attorney stated that Russell failed to obtain service of process on any of the taxing units and further advised the Court that the taxing units would not be filing a response to the appeal “for the reason that they were never subject to the trial court’s jurisdiction.” –3– It contains seventy-six pages, excluding the appendix, and relies primarily on
passing references to inapplicable authority and generally lacks clarity and
substantive analysis to support his issues.
We construe the rules of appellate procedure reasonably, yet liberally, so that
the right of appeal is not lost by imposing requirements not absolutely necessary to
effect the purpose of the rule. Morton v. Nguyen, 412 S.W.3d 506, 509 (Tex. 2013).
This includes how those rules apply to the pleadings and briefs of a pro se litigant.
In re N.E.B., 251 S.W.3d 211, 211–12 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2008, no pet.). At the
same time, however, we hold pro se litigants to the same standards as licensed
attorneys and require them to comply with applicable laws and rules of procedure.
To do otherwise would give a pro se litigant an unfair advantage over a litigant
represented by counsel. Id.
The Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure control the required contents and
organization of an appellant’s brief. See TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1; ERI Consulting
Eng’rs, Inc. v. Swinnea, 318 S.W.3d 867, 880 (Tex. 2010). Under those rules, to
present an issue to this Court, an appellant’s brief must, among other things,
concisely state all issues or points presented for review and “contain a clear and
concise argument for contentions made, with appropriate citations to authorities and
to the record.” See TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(f); see also Pak v. Ad Villarai, LLC, No. 05-
14-01312-CV, 2018 WL 2077602, at *3 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2018, pet. denied)
(mem. op.). Bare assertions of error, without argument or authority, waive error.
–4– Fredonia State Bank v. Gen. Am. Life Ins. Co., 881 S.W.2d 279, 284 (Tex. 1994)
(explaining appellate court has discretion to waive points of error due to inadequate
briefing). With this in mind, we turn to Russell’s issues.
2. Failure to Grant Default Judgment
In his first issue, Russell contends the trial court erred by denying his many
motions for default judgment.
A default judgment is improper against a defendant who has not been served
in strict compliance with the law, accepted or waived service, or entered an
appearance. TEX. R. CIV. P. 124; Wilson v. Dunn, 800 S.W.2d 833, 836 (Tex. 1990).
The party requesting service must ensure that proper service is accomplished and
that the record reflects proper service. Id. Without notice via the required service
of citation or a waiver thereof, nothing short of a general appearance will confer
personal jurisdiction upon the trial court. Cotton v. Cotton, 57 S.W.3d 506, 511
(Tex. App.—Waco 2001, no pet..
According to Russell’s fourth amended petition, he filed the amended
pleading to “correct service to the proper party.” Although the petition names Dallas
County Tax Authority as defendant, Russell sought service on Dallas County,
“which may be served to Clay Jenkins, the Dallas County Judge, at 411 Elm St.,
Dallas, TX, 75202 or wherever he may be found.” In his brief, Russell does not
explain why service on County Judge Clay Jenkins would be proper as to “Dallas
–5– County Tax Authority,” nor has he made any legal authority to establish that he
obtained proper service on any entity.
Our research has not revealed a separate legal entity known as the Dallas
County Tax Authority; rather, our research shows it is a term sometimes used to
collectively refer to the taxing units in Dallas County. See e.g., Russell, 2019 WL
911713, at *1 (Dallas County, City of Dallas, Dallas Independent School District,
Dallas County School Equalization Fund, Dallas County Community College
District, and Parkland Hospital District as “the taxing authorities”); Pete Dominguez
Enter., Inc. v. County of Dallas, 188 S.W.3d 385, 386 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2006, no
pet.) (same); Roman Catholic Diocese of Dallas v. County of Dallas Tax Collector,
228 S.W.3d 475, 477 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2007, no pet.) (same); Dallas Co. v. Yellow
Cab of Dallas, Inc., 573 S.W.2d 44, 45 (Tex. App.—Eastland 1978, writ ref’d n.r.e.)
(referring to city of Dallas, Dallas County, and Dallas Independent School District
as “Dallas County tax authorities). Based on our record, including the references in
Russell’s petition to “Defendants” and his reliance on the judgment in the 2017
Lawsuit to evidence ownership in DCTA, we surmise that Russell intended to
include as defendants in this suit the same plaintiffs-taxing units as in the 2017
Lawsuit.2
2 The 2017 Lawsuit was brought by Dallas County, the City of Dallas, Dallas Independent School District, Dallas County School Equalization Fund, Dallas County Community College District, and Parkland Hospital District. –6– While Jenkins, as county judge, is the proper party for service of process for
Dallas County,3 Dallas County was not a named defendant. Moreover, citation was
issued to “DALLAS COUNTY TAX AUTHORITY BY SERVING CLAY
JENKINS, COUNTY JUDGE.” As the trial court noted in its January 6, 2021 status
order and the record shows, service was executed by delivering the citation and
petition to “DALLAS COUNTY TAX AUTHORITY, BY DELIVERING TO
CLAY JENKINS, COUNTY JUDGE, WHERE THE DOCUMENT WAS
ACCEPTED BY DOROTHY EVANS, AUTHORIZED AGENT FOR SERVICE
OF PROCESS” in person. There is nothing in the record to show that Evans was
authorized to accept service on behalf of Jenkins for Dallas County. But, assuming
she was and Dallas County was therefore served, Russell does not explain how the
substantive allegations in the pleadings put Dallas County on notice it was being
sued. Moreover, the record does not show any attempts to serve the remaining taxing
entities. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 17.024.
We note that, in his brief, Russell makes passing references to the fact that
counsel for DCTA appeared at more than one of the dismissal docket hearings. He
does not, however, present any argument to establish that the attorney took any
3 In a suit against a county, citation must be served on the county judge. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 17.024(a).
–7– action constituting a general appearance in the case.4 We conclude Russell has not
shown he was entitled to default judgment. We overrule his first issue.
3. Dismissal Order
In his second issue, Russell contends the trial court erred by dismissing his
suit when the “Appellees were the legally granted Property owners as noted” in the
judgment in the 2017 Lawsuit.
Generally, a trial court has discretion to dismiss a case when a plaintiff refuses
or fails to cure defects in pleadings following the sustaining of special exceptions.
See Cole v. Hall, 864 S.W.2d 563, 566–67 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1993, writ dism’d
w.o.j.).
Here, Russell does not attack the dismissal order with any substantive law or
analysis. Rather, his appeal is premised on his unsupported belief that the 2017
judgment –– awarding delinquent taxes to the multiple taxing units in Dallas County
and allowing an order of sale if a taxing unit so requested –– has made those taxing
units the owners of the property. But, as the trial court noted in its order, the prior
judgment “did not make the Dallas County Tax Authority the owner of the property.”
See TEX. R. CIV. P. 783 (setting out requisites of trespass to try title petition,
4 The mere presence of a party or his attorney does not constitute a general appearance; rather, a party enters a general appearance when it (1) invokes the judgment of the court on any question other than the court’s jurisdiction, (2) recognizes by its acts that an action is properly pending, or (3) seeks affirmative action from the court. In re D.M.B., 467 S.W.3d 100, 103 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2015, pet. denied); Bradford v. Bradford, 971 S.W.2d 595, 598 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1998, no pet.) (party who is “silent figurehead in the courtroom, observing the proceedings without participating,” has not generally appeared). –8– including an allegation that “the defendant afterward unlawfully entered upon and
dispossessed him of such premises, stating the date, and withholds from him the
possession thereof). Because Russell has not provided any substantive analysis to
support his position that “Dallas County Tax Authority” owns the property that is
the subject of this suit or to show that he has pleaded a legally cognizable claim with
the proper parties, we conclude this issue is inadequately briefed and is waived. See
TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(i); see also Pak, 2018 WL 2077602, at *3 (“We have no right
or obligation to search through the record to find facts or research relevant law that
might support an appellant’s position because doing so would ‘improperly transform
this Court from neutral adjudicators to advocates.’”).
For the reasons set out above, we conclude Russell has not shown that the trial
court erred in dismissing his lawsuit. Having so concluded, we need not reach his
complaint that the court erred in denying him a jury trial. See TEX. R. APP. P. 47.4.
We affirm the trial court’s order of dismissal without prejudice.
/Amanda L. Reichek/ AMANDA L. REICHEK JUSTICE
210208F.P05
–9– S Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas JUDGMENT
SAMUEL T. RUSSELL, Appellant On Appeal from the 14th Judicial District Court, Dallas County, Texas No. 05-21-00208-CV V. Trial Court Cause No. DC-19-09405. Opinion delivered by Justice DALLAS COUNTY TAX Reichek; Justices Partida-Kipness AUTHORITY, Appellee and Goldstein participating.
In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is AFFIRMED.
It is ORDERED that appellee DALLAS COUNTY TAX AUTHORITY recover its costs of this appeal from appellant SAMUEL T. RUSSELL.
Judgment entered this 16th day of May 2022.
–10–