COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA UNPUBLISHED
Present: Judges Humphreys, Beales and Lorish Argued at Richmond, Virginia
SAMUEL MURPHY MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY v. Record No. 1211-22-2 JUDGE LISA M. LORISH DECEMBER 12, 2023 BILLIE A. MURPHY
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF HENRICO COUNTY John Marshall, Judge
(Jerrell Williams; The Law Office of J. Williams, PLC., on briefs), for appellant. Appellant submitting on briefs.
Jacqueline W. Critzer (Critzer Cardani PC, on brief), for appellee.
The final decree of divorce for Samuel Murphy (husband) and Billie Murphy (wife)
determined that their former home was marital property worth $405,000. The court ordered wife to
sell the home, remove husband’s name from all liens, mortgages, and debts on the home, and
indemnify and hold husband harmless until his name was removed. After accounting for the value
of the mortgage loan, the decree awarded 55% of the remaining marital equity to wife and 45% to
husband, specifying precise dollar amounts that each should receive. When wife later sold the
home, the price exceeded the valuation in the final decree. The parties jointly moved the court to
enter an order that determines the interests of the parties in the excess. The court ordered that, under
the final decree, wife was entitled to all the excess. Husband appeals, arguing that the excess should
be split 50/50 because husband and wife owned the property as tenants in common. Deferring to
the court’s interpretation of its own order, we affirm.
* This opinion is not designated for publication. See Code § 17.1-413 (A). BACKGROUND1
Husband and wife married and lived in a single-family residence in Glen Allen (the “marital
home”). In April 2021, the Henrico Circuit Court entered a final decree of divorce, which awarded
wife a divorce from husband and equitably distributed the parties’ assets.
The final decree valued the marital home at $405,000 and determined that the marital equity
in the home, less the payment of a marital loan, was $178,251. It also awarded “55% of the
remaining $178,251.00 of marital equity” to wife and “45% of the remaining $178,251.00 of
marital equity” to husband. The final decree added that, “[t]herefore, the [h]usband is entitled to . . .
a total of $72,573.00 from the marital equity” and that wife “is entitled to . . . $105,678.00 from the
marital equity.”2 In addition, the final decree ordered wife to “list the [marital home] for sale or sale
[sic] the property to pay the [h]usband and remove his name from any and all liens, mortgages, and
debts on or secured by the marital home.” Finally, it ordered that wife “indemnify and hold
[h]usband harmless until [his] name is removed.”
Wife sold the marital home for $495,058.36 in August 2021. This sales price exceeded the
valuation in the final decree. The parties filed a joint motion for declaratory judgment identifying
$57,872.79 as the amount of excess equity from the sale (after expenses were deducted) and asked
the court to “enter an order that determines the interests of the parties” in that excess equity.
At a hearing on the joint motion, wife argued that she was entitled to all the excess equity
because the final decree set the value of the marital home and ordered her to sell the home and pay
husband exactly $72,573. In support of her position, wife argued that, had the marital home sold for
1 “When reviewing a trial court’s decision on appeal, we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the prevailing party, granting it the benefit of any reasonable inferences.” Starr v. Starr, 70 Va. App. 486, 488 (2019) (quoting Congdon v. Congdon, 40 Va. App. 255, 258 (2003)). 2 The final decree also ordered husband to pay wife $3,500 in connection with the parties’ lawn care business and $4,140 for her interest in a rental property, and provided that the payments “shall be offset from the [h]usband’s share of the [m]arital [h]ome.” -2- less than the value stated in the final decree, she still would have had to pay husband $72,573. In
opposition, husband argued that the final decree allocated specific amounts of the equity in the
marital home to each party but failed to allocate the excess equity. He also argued that, because the
final decree did not allocate the excess equity, “the final decree [did not] control” the distribution of
the excess equity and the excess equity should be divided based on the parties’ ownership interest in
the marital home.
After considering the parties’ arguments, the circuit court found that the final decree fully
disposed of the marital home. In support of its finding, the circuit court explained that neither party
appealed the valuation of the marital home set forth in the final decree and that it could not “go
behind the [final decree]” and rule that the marital home was not “disposed of properly.” As for the
excess equity, the circuit court found that the final decree was “silent as to how any excess or
deficiency would be addressed” and that wife, as the party responsible for selling the marital home
and paying husband, “could have been faced with a deficit or . . . an excess.” The circuit court held
that wife was therefore entitled to the excess equity. Husband appeals.
ANALYSIS
This appeal concerns the circuit court’s interpretation of the final decree of divorce. “[T]rial
courts have the authority to interpret their own orders.” Davis v. Commonwealth, 70 Va. App. 722,
732 (2019) (alteration in original) (quoting Fredericksburg Constr. Co. v. J.W. Wyne Excavating,
Inc., 260 Va. 137, 144 (2000)). “This Court ‘defer[s] to the trial court’s interpretation of its own
order.’” Id. (alteration in original) (quoting Leitao v. Commonwealth, 39 Va. App. 435, 438
(2002)). “That interpretation, however, must be reasonable,” and this Court will review it for an
abuse of discretion. Id. (quoting Bajgain v. Bajgain, 64 Va. App. 439, 453 (2015)).
Husband contends that the circuit court erred by finding that the final decree governed the
distribution of the excess equity and that wife was entitled to the entirety of that excess. He also
-3- argues that, because the final decree “is silent as to, and does not govern, the ownership of the
excess equity,” the parties’ ownership interests in the marital home control the distribution of the
excess equity. Specifically, husband contends that the parties owned the marital home at the time of
the sale as tenants in common and that he is therefore entitled to half of the excess equity.
As an initial matter, we reject husband’s argument that the excess should be distributed
equally because husband and wife owned the property as tenants in common at the time of the sale,
final decree notwithstanding. That argument misunderstands the nature of divorce proceedings.
The division of property at divorce is governed by principles of equitable distribution as codified in
Code § 20-107.3. See David v. David, 287 Va. 231, 237 (2014). “Determining who has legal title
. . . has little or no bearing upon how the value of an asset is to be equitably distributed by a
monetary award under Code § 20-107.3.” Anderson v. Anderson, 42 Va. App. 643, 650 (2004)
(alteration in original) (quoting Lightburn v. Lightburn, 22 Va. App. 612, 616 (1996)). Indeed,
“[e]quitable distribution deviates from traditional views of property ownership in that whether
the property is separate or marital is determined by the statutory definition and is not determined
by legal title.” Id. (emphasis added).
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COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA UNPUBLISHED
Present: Judges Humphreys, Beales and Lorish Argued at Richmond, Virginia
SAMUEL MURPHY MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY v. Record No. 1211-22-2 JUDGE LISA M. LORISH DECEMBER 12, 2023 BILLIE A. MURPHY
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF HENRICO COUNTY John Marshall, Judge
(Jerrell Williams; The Law Office of J. Williams, PLC., on briefs), for appellant. Appellant submitting on briefs.
Jacqueline W. Critzer (Critzer Cardani PC, on brief), for appellee.
The final decree of divorce for Samuel Murphy (husband) and Billie Murphy (wife)
determined that their former home was marital property worth $405,000. The court ordered wife to
sell the home, remove husband’s name from all liens, mortgages, and debts on the home, and
indemnify and hold husband harmless until his name was removed. After accounting for the value
of the mortgage loan, the decree awarded 55% of the remaining marital equity to wife and 45% to
husband, specifying precise dollar amounts that each should receive. When wife later sold the
home, the price exceeded the valuation in the final decree. The parties jointly moved the court to
enter an order that determines the interests of the parties in the excess. The court ordered that, under
the final decree, wife was entitled to all the excess. Husband appeals, arguing that the excess should
be split 50/50 because husband and wife owned the property as tenants in common. Deferring to
the court’s interpretation of its own order, we affirm.
* This opinion is not designated for publication. See Code § 17.1-413 (A). BACKGROUND1
Husband and wife married and lived in a single-family residence in Glen Allen (the “marital
home”). In April 2021, the Henrico Circuit Court entered a final decree of divorce, which awarded
wife a divorce from husband and equitably distributed the parties’ assets.
The final decree valued the marital home at $405,000 and determined that the marital equity
in the home, less the payment of a marital loan, was $178,251. It also awarded “55% of the
remaining $178,251.00 of marital equity” to wife and “45% of the remaining $178,251.00 of
marital equity” to husband. The final decree added that, “[t]herefore, the [h]usband is entitled to . . .
a total of $72,573.00 from the marital equity” and that wife “is entitled to . . . $105,678.00 from the
marital equity.”2 In addition, the final decree ordered wife to “list the [marital home] for sale or sale
[sic] the property to pay the [h]usband and remove his name from any and all liens, mortgages, and
debts on or secured by the marital home.” Finally, it ordered that wife “indemnify and hold
[h]usband harmless until [his] name is removed.”
Wife sold the marital home for $495,058.36 in August 2021. This sales price exceeded the
valuation in the final decree. The parties filed a joint motion for declaratory judgment identifying
$57,872.79 as the amount of excess equity from the sale (after expenses were deducted) and asked
the court to “enter an order that determines the interests of the parties” in that excess equity.
At a hearing on the joint motion, wife argued that she was entitled to all the excess equity
because the final decree set the value of the marital home and ordered her to sell the home and pay
husband exactly $72,573. In support of her position, wife argued that, had the marital home sold for
1 “When reviewing a trial court’s decision on appeal, we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the prevailing party, granting it the benefit of any reasonable inferences.” Starr v. Starr, 70 Va. App. 486, 488 (2019) (quoting Congdon v. Congdon, 40 Va. App. 255, 258 (2003)). 2 The final decree also ordered husband to pay wife $3,500 in connection with the parties’ lawn care business and $4,140 for her interest in a rental property, and provided that the payments “shall be offset from the [h]usband’s share of the [m]arital [h]ome.” -2- less than the value stated in the final decree, she still would have had to pay husband $72,573. In
opposition, husband argued that the final decree allocated specific amounts of the equity in the
marital home to each party but failed to allocate the excess equity. He also argued that, because the
final decree did not allocate the excess equity, “the final decree [did not] control” the distribution of
the excess equity and the excess equity should be divided based on the parties’ ownership interest in
the marital home.
After considering the parties’ arguments, the circuit court found that the final decree fully
disposed of the marital home. In support of its finding, the circuit court explained that neither party
appealed the valuation of the marital home set forth in the final decree and that it could not “go
behind the [final decree]” and rule that the marital home was not “disposed of properly.” As for the
excess equity, the circuit court found that the final decree was “silent as to how any excess or
deficiency would be addressed” and that wife, as the party responsible for selling the marital home
and paying husband, “could have been faced with a deficit or . . . an excess.” The circuit court held
that wife was therefore entitled to the excess equity. Husband appeals.
ANALYSIS
This appeal concerns the circuit court’s interpretation of the final decree of divorce. “[T]rial
courts have the authority to interpret their own orders.” Davis v. Commonwealth, 70 Va. App. 722,
732 (2019) (alteration in original) (quoting Fredericksburg Constr. Co. v. J.W. Wyne Excavating,
Inc., 260 Va. 137, 144 (2000)). “This Court ‘defer[s] to the trial court’s interpretation of its own
order.’” Id. (alteration in original) (quoting Leitao v. Commonwealth, 39 Va. App. 435, 438
(2002)). “That interpretation, however, must be reasonable,” and this Court will review it for an
abuse of discretion. Id. (quoting Bajgain v. Bajgain, 64 Va. App. 439, 453 (2015)).
Husband contends that the circuit court erred by finding that the final decree governed the
distribution of the excess equity and that wife was entitled to the entirety of that excess. He also
-3- argues that, because the final decree “is silent as to, and does not govern, the ownership of the
excess equity,” the parties’ ownership interests in the marital home control the distribution of the
excess equity. Specifically, husband contends that the parties owned the marital home at the time of
the sale as tenants in common and that he is therefore entitled to half of the excess equity.
As an initial matter, we reject husband’s argument that the excess should be distributed
equally because husband and wife owned the property as tenants in common at the time of the sale,
final decree notwithstanding. That argument misunderstands the nature of divorce proceedings.
The division of property at divorce is governed by principles of equitable distribution as codified in
Code § 20-107.3. See David v. David, 287 Va. 231, 237 (2014). “Determining who has legal title
. . . has little or no bearing upon how the value of an asset is to be equitably distributed by a
monetary award under Code § 20-107.3.” Anderson v. Anderson, 42 Va. App. 643, 650 (2004)
(alteration in original) (quoting Lightburn v. Lightburn, 22 Va. App. 612, 616 (1996)). Indeed,
“[e]quitable distribution deviates from traditional views of property ownership in that whether
the property is separate or marital is determined by the statutory definition and is not determined
by legal title.” Id. (emphasis added). Therefore, husband’s argument that he should receive half
of the excess equity because he had legal title has no merit.
In divorce proceedings, a trial court must follow three steps in making an equitable
distribution of property. First, the trial court “must classify the property as either separate or
marital. The court then must assign a value to the property based upon evidence presented by
both parties. Finally, the court distributes the property to the parties, taking into consideration
the factors presented in Code § 20-107.3(E).” Marion v. Marion, 11 Va. App. 659, 665 (1991).
In the present case, the circuit court classified the home as marital property, assigned a value to
that property, and distributed it equitably.
-4- Husband essentially complains that the final decree undervalued the marital home, but
neither party appealed the valuation of the marital home included in the final decree. In addition
to including a specific valuation, the final decree included specific dollar amounts—not
percentages—that husband and wife were entitled to receive from the sale of the marital home.
After wife’s counsel prepared a draft decree, following a hearing, husband objected to this very
aspect of the draft decree. He argued that the circuit court, at the hearing, had not “order[ed]
specific dollar amounts to be distributed in the event that the [m]arital [h]ome is sold,” so the
final decree should use percentages and not specific dollar amounts. Husband argued that if the
final decree included specific amounts, he would be entitled to receive the specified $72,573,
even if the home sold for less than the anticipated valuation, but that there would be ambiguity
about what would happen if the home sold for more than the valuation provided. After
receiving, and considering these objections, the court nevertheless entered the final decree
specifying specific dollar amounts based on the unobjected-to valuation.3
We agree with the circuit court that husband’s arguments attempt to “go behind the [final
decree]” by recasting the excess equity as a separate marital asset that was not disposed of by the
final decree. Although the circuit court acknowledged that the final decree “was silent as to how
any excess or deficiency would be addressed,” it also found that wife, as the party responsible for
selling the marital home, bore the risk that the home would sell for less than the amount set forth by
the final decree. Husband conceded as much by arguing below that he was entitled to receive the
$72,573 specified in the order even if the house sold for less. After considering the decreed value of
the marital home, wife’s responsibility to sell the home, and the risk faced by wife if the home sold
3 Not only did husband not object, or put on evidence that the home had a higher valuation, he also did not file a motion to reopen the hearing to take further evidence regarding the value of the marital property. See, e.g., Cametas v. Cametas, No. 2597-99-2, 2000 WL 1053893 (Va. Ct. App. Aug. 1, 2000). -5- for a different value, the circuit court determined that the final decree entitled wife to keep the
excess equity. Under these circumstances, we find that the circuit court’s interpretation of the final
decree was reasonable and affirm its judgment.4
As a final matter, wife requests that this Court award her the attorney fees and costs she
incurred in defending this appeal because the final decree “equitably distributed the marital home”
and husband’s appeal “lacks merit.” See O’Loughlin v. O’Loughlin, 23 Va. App. 690, 695 (1996)
(“[T]he appellate court [is] the proper forum to determine the propriety of an award of attorney’s
fees for efforts expended on appeal.”). “This Court has discretion to grant or deny attorney’s fees
incurred on appeal.” Stark v. Dinarany, 73 Va. App. 733, 757 (2021). “In making such a
determination, the Court considers all the equities of the case.” Id.; see Rule 5A:30(b)(3). After
considering the record before us and the equities of the case, we deny wife’s request for appellate
attorney fees and costs.
4 In an additional assignment of error, husband argues that the circuit court erred by “failing to rule” on his claim for “half of the fair market rent” from the marital home since the entry of the final decree. In a pleading husband filed in response to the joint motion for declaratory relief, he stated “WHEREFORE, Plaintiff requests that the Court enter a declaratory judgment deems 50% of the Disputed Proceeds, plus half of the fair market rent since April 2, 2021 until the sale of the House . . . .” Husband provided no legal argument as to why he was entitled to rent in that, or any other, pleading. Husband did not address this claim at the April 29, 2022 hearing, or present any evidence about what “fair market rent” would have been. After the court’s order, he reasserted this claim in his written objections, simply noting that his “claim for rent remains valid and the Court has failed to rule upon that claim.” The circuit court entered a written order “overrul[ing] each of Plaintiff’s objections.” This was plainly a ruling on husband’s claim for “half of the fair market rent.” Even if husband had assigned error to the basis of the court’s ruling, and not the failure to rule, we could not review the court’s reasoning when husband failed to develop the factual record below or make any legal argument to the circuit court to support his claim. See Rule 5A:18 (prohibiting appellate review “unless an objection was stated with reasonable certainty at the time of the ruling”). -6- CONCLUSION
For all these reasons, the circuit court’s judgment is affirmed.
Affirmed.
-7-