Salinas v. Kroger Texas, L.P.

163 F. Supp. 3d 419, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 17290, 128 Fair Empl. Prac. Cas. (BNA) 1379, 2016 WL 561178
CourtDistrict Court, S.D. Texas
DecidedFebruary 12, 2016
DocketCIVIL ACTION H-14-3153
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 163 F. Supp. 3d 419 (Salinas v. Kroger Texas, L.P.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, S.D. Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Salinas v. Kroger Texas, L.P., 163 F. Supp. 3d 419, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 17290, 128 Fair Empl. Prac. Cas. (BNA) 1379, 2016 WL 561178 (S.D. Tex. 2016).

Opinion

Memorandum Opinion & Order

Gray H. Miller, United States District Judge

Pending before the court is defendant Kroger Texas, L.P.’s (“Kroger”) motion for summary judgment. Dkt. 14. Having considered the motion, response, reply, and applicable law, the court is of the opinion that the motion should be DENIED.

I. Background

Plaintiff Robert Salinas (“Salinas”) began working for Kroger in November of 1981. Dkt. 20 at 3. In October of 1998, Kroger hired David Castillo (“Castillo”). [423]*423Id. at 4. In 2009, Castillo transferred to Store No. 10, where he worked in the produce department. Id. In February of 2010, Salinas transferred to Store No. 10, where he also worked in the produce department. Id. at 3.

After Salinas and Castillo began working together at Store No. 10, Castillo began making inappropriate comments to Salinas. Id. Castillo referred to Salinas as “faggot,” “gay,” “homosexual,” “princess,” “little girl,” and “mija” (Spanish for “daughter”). Dkt. 20, Ex. A at 335-40. Castillo told Salinas that (1) he had “been locked up” and had “raped guys [Salinas’s] size,” (2) he would rather be with a man than a woman, and (3) Salinas had a body like a woman. Id. at 57-58.

On several occasions, Castillo touched Salinas in an inappropriate manner while at work. In June of 2011, Castillo “grabbed [Salinas’s] butt” and said: “When are you going to give me some of that white ass? If you don’t give it to me, I’m going to take it away. No one is here in the morning, just you and me. I will rape you and no one will find out.” Id. at 172. In September of 2011, Castillo grabbed Salinas’s testicles and said: “When are you going to give me some?” Id. at 188. In another instance, Castillo “ran his hand down [Salinas’s] ass crack.” Id. at 194. Salinas complained about Castillo’s behavior to multiple members of Kroger’s management, but management did not respond to his concerns. Dkt. 20 at 7-8. In November of 2011, Castillo stopped making inappropriate sexual contact with Salinas. Dkt. 14, Ex. 4 at 77.

On April 6, 2012, Castillo grabbed Salinas from behind, placed his arm around Salinas’s neck, and put a produce knife to Salinas’s throat. Dkt. 20, Ex. A at 203, 210-12. Salinas pushed Castillo’s arm away and escaped. Id. at 210-13. The following day, Salinas reported the incident to the Rosenberg Police Department. Dkt. 20, Ex. I at 1-2. On April 19, 2012, Castillo gave a voluntary statement to the police and admitted to the April 6 assault. Id. at 7-8. On April 19, 2012, Castillo resigned from his job at Kroger. Dkt. 14, Ex. 6 at 211-12. On November 26, 2012, Castillo was convicted of aggravated assault with a deadly weapon as a result of his April 6 attack on Salinas. Dkt. 20, Ex. J.

On January 10, 2013, Salinas filed a charge of sex discrimination with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (“EEOC”). Dkt. 14, Ex. 9. On November 5, 2014, Salinas filed this lawsuit, bringing a sexual harassment claim against Kroger under Title YII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Dkt. 1. On July 28, 2015, Kroger filed the pending motion for summary judgment. Dkt. 14.

II. Legal Standard

A court shall grant summary judgment when a “movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c). “[A] fact is genuinely in dispute only if a reasonable jury could return a verdict for the non-moving party.” Fordoche, Inc. v. Texaco, Inc., 463 F.3d 388, 392 (5th Cir.2006). The moving party bears the initial burden of demonstrating the absence of a genuine issue of material fact. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). If the party meets its burden, the burden shifts to the non-moving party to set forth specific facts showing a genuine issue for trial. Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(e). The court must view the evidence in the light most favorable to the non-movant and draw all justifiable inferences in favor of the non-movant. Envtl. Conservation Org. v. City of Dall, 529 F.3d 519, 524 (5th Cir.2008).

III. Analysis

Salinas’s sexual harassment claim arises under Title VII of the Civil Rights [424]*424Act of 1964. Dkt. 1. Title VII prohibits an employer from “discriminat[ing] against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment” because of that individual’s sex. 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-2(a)(l). Sexual harassment is a form of discriminatory treatment. Cherry v. Shaw Coastal, Inc., 668 F.3d 182, 188 (5th Cir.2012) (citing Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Servs., 528 U.S. 75, 81, 118 S.Ct. 998, 140 L.Ed.2d 201 (1998)). Sexual harassment is actionable under Title VII “in any situation where there is discrimination ‘because of sex, whether it be between members of the same or opposite sexes.” Id.

In evaluating same-sex sexual harassment claims, the court follows a two-step inquiry. E.E.O.C. v. Boh Bros. Constr. Co., 731 F.3d 444, 453 (5th Cir.2013). First, the court determines whether the harassment constitutes discrimination “because of sex.” Id. Second, the court evaluates whether the conduct meets the applicable standards for either a quid pro quo or hostile work environment claim. Id.

A. Discrimination “Because of Sex”

In same-sex sexual harassment cases, a plaintiff may establish that the harassment occurred “because of sex” in three primary ways:

(1) a plaintiff may show that the harasser was homosexual and motivated by sexual desire;
(2) a plaintiff may show that the harassment was framed in such sex-specific and derogatory terms... as to make it clear that the harasser [was] motivated by general hostility to the presence of a particular gender in the workplace; and
(3) a plaintiff may offer direct comparative evidence about how the alleged harasser treated members of both sexes in a mixed-sex workplace.

Boh Bros., 731 F.3d at 455 (alterations in original) (internal quotation marks omitted) (citing Oncale, 523 U.S. at 80-81, 118 S.Ct. 998). However, these three approaches are illustrative, not exhaustive. Id. at 455-56. A plaintiff may also satisfy Title VH’s “because of sex” requirement with “evidence of a plaintiffs perceived failure to conform to traditional gender stereotypes.” Id. at 454-56.

In this case, Salinas has focused primarily on showing (1) that Castillo was motivated by sexual desire and, to a lesser to extent, (2) that Castillo targeted Salinas because of Salinas’s perceived failure to conform to traditional male stereotypes. Dkt. 20 at 12-18.

1. Motivated by Sexual Desire

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163 F. Supp. 3d 419, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 17290, 128 Fair Empl. Prac. Cas. (BNA) 1379, 2016 WL 561178, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/salinas-v-kroger-texas-lp-txsd-2016.