1 This memorandum opinion was not selected for publication in the New Mexico Reports. Please 2 see Rule 12-405 NMRA for restrictions on the citation of unpublished memorandum opinions. 3 Please also note that this electronic memorandum opinion may contain computer-generated 4 errors or other deviations from the official paper version filed by the Court of Appeals and does 5 not include the filing date.
6 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
7 MARY ANN SAIZ,
8 Worker-Appellee,
9 v. NO. 29,667
10 SAN MIGUEL COUNTY and 11 NEW MEXICO COUNTY 12 INSURANCE AUTHORITY,
13 Employer/Insurer-Appellants.
14 APPEAL FROM THE NEW MEXICO WORKERS’ COMPENSATION 15 ADMINISTRATION 16 Gregory D. Griego, Workers’ Compensation Judge
17 Annie-Laurie Coogan 18 Santa Fe, NM
19 for Appellee
20 Kelly A. Genova, P.C. 21 Kelly A. Genova 22 Albuquerque, NM
23 for Appellants
24 MEMORANDUM OPINION 1 WECHSLER, Judge.
2 Employer/Insurer (Employer) appeals from a compensation order and an order
3 denying reconsideration of the compensation order. We issued an order of limited
4 remand to obtain supplemental findings from the Workers’ Compensation Judge
5 (WCJ). We received supplemental findings from the WCJ and issued a notice of
6 proposed summary disposition, proposing to affirm. Employer responded to our
7 notice with a memorandum in opposition. We have considered Employer’s response
8 and remain unpersuaded that the WCJ erred. We therefore affirm.
9 On appeal, Employer challenges the WCJ’s calculation of Worker’s average
10 weekly wage and compensation rate under Subsection (C) of NMSA 1978, § 52-1-20
11 (1990), rather than under the formula provided by Subsection (B) of that statute. [DS
12 5] We issued an order of limited remand for the purpose of obtaining written findings
13 explaining the basis for the WCJ’s determination that Worker’s wage cannot be fairly
14 calculated under Section 52-1-20(B) and that it should be calculated by dividing
15 Worker’s total 2006 wages by 52. [RP 117 fof 9 & 10]
16 The WCJ’s supplemental findings explain that calculations under Subsection
17 (B) would be unfair because Worker’s multiple injuries caused her health to decline
18 over time, which has materially affected her wages. [Supp. RP 210] The WCJ stated
19 that it based its findings on the payroll records, which indicate that there has been a
2 1 marked decline in Worker’s overtime wages after the first accident. [Id.]
2 We review the WCJ’s chosen method of calculating a worker’s average weekly
3 wage for substantial evidence. Griego v. Bag ‘N Save Food Emporium, 109 N.M.
4 287, 290, 784 P.2d 1030, 1033 (Ct. App. 1989). In appeals from the WCJ, we review
5 the whole record when assessing the sufficiency of evidence. Chavarria v. Basin
6 Moving & Storage, 1999-NMCA-032, ¶ 11, 127 N.M. 67, 976 P.2d 1019.
7 In the present case, Worker had three work-related accidents, involving multiple
8 injuries. [RP 116-117] The first accident occurred in February 2007, and the last
9 accident occurred in February 2008. [Id.] Worker’s activities were not medically
10 restricted until March 2008. [RP 119] In its docketing statement, Employer
11 complained that there was no medical evidence to support the conclusion that Worker
12 was restricted in her duties before March 2008 and that there was no evidence that
13 Worker worked fewer hours after the first two accidents, because of them. [DS 4]
14 The WCJ found that Worker’s overtime wages markedly declined after the first
15 accident based on the payroll records. [Supp. RP 210] In addition, it appeared that
16 Worker testified that she did not work as much overtime after her accidents as she did
17 before her accidents in 2006. [DS 5] See § 52-1-20(A) (stating that “‘average weekly
18 wage’ means the weekly wage earned by the worker at the time of the worker’s injury,
19 including overtime pay”). Based on this evidence, the WCJ concluded that Worker’s
3 1 average weekly wage could not be fairly calculated under Section 52-1-20(B) because
2 her overtime hours had been steadily declining by the time she was placed on medical
3 restrictions. Therefore, instead of determining Worker’s average weekly wage based
4 on the twenty-six weeks before she was placed on medical restrictions, under
5 Subsection (B), the WCJ ruled that the average weekly wage should be based on
6 Worker’s 2006 wages. [RP 117 fof 9 & 10]
7 We stated that we were not persuaded that the WCJ’s chosen method of how
8 to determine Worker’s average weekly wage must be based on medical evidence and
9 that Employer does not refer this Court to any authority demanding that result.
10 Subsection (C) permits the average weekly wage to be computed based on facts
11 presented when Subsection (B) would not fairly compute the weekly wage due to “the
12 nature of the employment or the fact that the injured employee has been ill or in
13 business for himself” or for any other reason why the method described in Subsection
14 (B) does not fairly reflect the average weekly wage. These are not medical
15 determinations. See Kendrick v. Gackle Drilling Co., 71 N.M. 113, 117, 376 P.2d
16 176, 179 (1962) (considering the purpose of determining average weekly wage and
17 stating that the “‘disability’ of an injured workman is to be measured by his loss of
18 wage earning ability caused by the accidental injury,” which is done by comparing
19 “what the employee would have earned had he not been injured and what he is able
4 1 to earn in his injured condition”). Determining the average weekly wage appears to
2 be a factual determination about the effect Worker’s injuries have had on her wages
3 that need not be based upon medical evidence. Furthermore, we stated, it appeared
4 that the WCJ’s chosen method of calculation was based upon substantial evidence.
5 In response to our notice, Employer argues that there was insufficient evidence
6 presented to support the WCJ’s findings. Employer argues that there was no evidence
7 to support the WCJ’s decision that Worker worked fewer hours after her accidents,
8 because of her accidents. [MIO 3] Employer continues to point out that no physician
9 or other witness testified that Worker should have stopped working before March
10 2008 or that her injuries disabled her from working. [MIO 3-4] Employer argues that
11 because there was no evidence as to why Worker’s wages declined and because the
12 date of her disability was March 2008, after her accidents, there was insufficient
13 evidence to support the WCJ’s determination that use of Subsection (B) was unfair.
14 [MIO 4-5]
15 Additionally, as we explained in our notice, we are not persuaded that
16 Subsection (C) requires expert-based findings based on medical evidence, as do the
17 determinations about disability. [See MIO 3-4] Rather, Subsection (C) gives the WCJ
18 discretion to compute average weekly wage in a manner that is fair under the
19 circumstances. See § 52-1-20(C) (permitting discretion to determine “the average
5 1 weekly wage, in each particular case, computation of the average weekly wage of the
2 employee in such other manner and by such other method as will be based upon the
3 facts presented fairly determine such employee’s average weekly wage”). Also,
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1 This memorandum opinion was not selected for publication in the New Mexico Reports. Please 2 see Rule 12-405 NMRA for restrictions on the citation of unpublished memorandum opinions. 3 Please also note that this electronic memorandum opinion may contain computer-generated 4 errors or other deviations from the official paper version filed by the Court of Appeals and does 5 not include the filing date.
6 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
7 MARY ANN SAIZ,
8 Worker-Appellee,
9 v. NO. 29,667
10 SAN MIGUEL COUNTY and 11 NEW MEXICO COUNTY 12 INSURANCE AUTHORITY,
13 Employer/Insurer-Appellants.
14 APPEAL FROM THE NEW MEXICO WORKERS’ COMPENSATION 15 ADMINISTRATION 16 Gregory D. Griego, Workers’ Compensation Judge
17 Annie-Laurie Coogan 18 Santa Fe, NM
19 for Appellee
20 Kelly A. Genova, P.C. 21 Kelly A. Genova 22 Albuquerque, NM
23 for Appellants
24 MEMORANDUM OPINION 1 WECHSLER, Judge.
2 Employer/Insurer (Employer) appeals from a compensation order and an order
3 denying reconsideration of the compensation order. We issued an order of limited
4 remand to obtain supplemental findings from the Workers’ Compensation Judge
5 (WCJ). We received supplemental findings from the WCJ and issued a notice of
6 proposed summary disposition, proposing to affirm. Employer responded to our
7 notice with a memorandum in opposition. We have considered Employer’s response
8 and remain unpersuaded that the WCJ erred. We therefore affirm.
9 On appeal, Employer challenges the WCJ’s calculation of Worker’s average
10 weekly wage and compensation rate under Subsection (C) of NMSA 1978, § 52-1-20
11 (1990), rather than under the formula provided by Subsection (B) of that statute. [DS
12 5] We issued an order of limited remand for the purpose of obtaining written findings
13 explaining the basis for the WCJ’s determination that Worker’s wage cannot be fairly
14 calculated under Section 52-1-20(B) and that it should be calculated by dividing
15 Worker’s total 2006 wages by 52. [RP 117 fof 9 & 10]
16 The WCJ’s supplemental findings explain that calculations under Subsection
17 (B) would be unfair because Worker’s multiple injuries caused her health to decline
18 over time, which has materially affected her wages. [Supp. RP 210] The WCJ stated
19 that it based its findings on the payroll records, which indicate that there has been a
2 1 marked decline in Worker’s overtime wages after the first accident. [Id.]
2 We review the WCJ’s chosen method of calculating a worker’s average weekly
3 wage for substantial evidence. Griego v. Bag ‘N Save Food Emporium, 109 N.M.
4 287, 290, 784 P.2d 1030, 1033 (Ct. App. 1989). In appeals from the WCJ, we review
5 the whole record when assessing the sufficiency of evidence. Chavarria v. Basin
6 Moving & Storage, 1999-NMCA-032, ¶ 11, 127 N.M. 67, 976 P.2d 1019.
7 In the present case, Worker had three work-related accidents, involving multiple
8 injuries. [RP 116-117] The first accident occurred in February 2007, and the last
9 accident occurred in February 2008. [Id.] Worker’s activities were not medically
10 restricted until March 2008. [RP 119] In its docketing statement, Employer
11 complained that there was no medical evidence to support the conclusion that Worker
12 was restricted in her duties before March 2008 and that there was no evidence that
13 Worker worked fewer hours after the first two accidents, because of them. [DS 4]
14 The WCJ found that Worker’s overtime wages markedly declined after the first
15 accident based on the payroll records. [Supp. RP 210] In addition, it appeared that
16 Worker testified that she did not work as much overtime after her accidents as she did
17 before her accidents in 2006. [DS 5] See § 52-1-20(A) (stating that “‘average weekly
18 wage’ means the weekly wage earned by the worker at the time of the worker’s injury,
19 including overtime pay”). Based on this evidence, the WCJ concluded that Worker’s
3 1 average weekly wage could not be fairly calculated under Section 52-1-20(B) because
2 her overtime hours had been steadily declining by the time she was placed on medical
3 restrictions. Therefore, instead of determining Worker’s average weekly wage based
4 on the twenty-six weeks before she was placed on medical restrictions, under
5 Subsection (B), the WCJ ruled that the average weekly wage should be based on
6 Worker’s 2006 wages. [RP 117 fof 9 & 10]
7 We stated that we were not persuaded that the WCJ’s chosen method of how
8 to determine Worker’s average weekly wage must be based on medical evidence and
9 that Employer does not refer this Court to any authority demanding that result.
10 Subsection (C) permits the average weekly wage to be computed based on facts
11 presented when Subsection (B) would not fairly compute the weekly wage due to “the
12 nature of the employment or the fact that the injured employee has been ill or in
13 business for himself” or for any other reason why the method described in Subsection
14 (B) does not fairly reflect the average weekly wage. These are not medical
15 determinations. See Kendrick v. Gackle Drilling Co., 71 N.M. 113, 117, 376 P.2d
16 176, 179 (1962) (considering the purpose of determining average weekly wage and
17 stating that the “‘disability’ of an injured workman is to be measured by his loss of
18 wage earning ability caused by the accidental injury,” which is done by comparing
19 “what the employee would have earned had he not been injured and what he is able
4 1 to earn in his injured condition”). Determining the average weekly wage appears to
2 be a factual determination about the effect Worker’s injuries have had on her wages
3 that need not be based upon medical evidence. Furthermore, we stated, it appeared
4 that the WCJ’s chosen method of calculation was based upon substantial evidence.
5 In response to our notice, Employer argues that there was insufficient evidence
6 presented to support the WCJ’s findings. Employer argues that there was no evidence
7 to support the WCJ’s decision that Worker worked fewer hours after her accidents,
8 because of her accidents. [MIO 3] Employer continues to point out that no physician
9 or other witness testified that Worker should have stopped working before March
10 2008 or that her injuries disabled her from working. [MIO 3-4] Employer argues that
11 because there was no evidence as to why Worker’s wages declined and because the
12 date of her disability was March 2008, after her accidents, there was insufficient
13 evidence to support the WCJ’s determination that use of Subsection (B) was unfair.
14 [MIO 4-5]
15 Additionally, as we explained in our notice, we are not persuaded that
16 Subsection (C) requires expert-based findings based on medical evidence, as do the
17 determinations about disability. [See MIO 3-4] Rather, Subsection (C) gives the WCJ
18 discretion to compute average weekly wage in a manner that is fair under the
19 circumstances. See § 52-1-20(C) (permitting discretion to determine “the average
5 1 weekly wage, in each particular case, computation of the average weekly wage of the
2 employee in such other manner and by such other method as will be based upon the
3 facts presented fairly determine such employee’s average weekly wage”). Also,
4 unlike the specific and layered determinations required for the various forms of
5 disability, the Workers’ Compensation Act does not demand specific findings for the
6 use of the term “illness” in Subsection (C). We are not persuaded, therefore, that
7 disability and illness should be treated identically insofar as requiring expert-based
8 findings.
9 We further disagree that there was no evidence to support the district court’s
10 determinations. Worker testified that she did not work as much overtime after her
11 accidents as she did before her accidents in 2006. [MIO 3] Also, the WCJ considered
12 the payroll records, which indicated that her overtime wages declined markedly after
13 the first accident. [See Supp RP 210] Employer admits that Worker’s wages did
14 decline after her three accidents, but emphasizes that no expert testified that this
15 decline resulted from any disability because of the accidents. [MIO 4] There is no
16 indication that Employer presented any evidence as to why Worker’s wages markedly
17 declined after her accidents or that they declined for some reason unrelated to her
18 injuries. The WCJ, as the finder of fact, weighs the evidence and reasonably inferred,
19 based on the evidence before it, that Worker’s overtime hours and wages declined
6 1 because of the condition she was in that resulted from her multiple injuries. See
2 DeWitt v. Rent-A-Center, Inc., 2009-NMSC-032, ¶ 22, 146 N.M. 453, 212 P.3d 341
3 (observing that “we will not reweigh the evidence nor substitute our judgment for that
4 of the WCJ” because these are determinations uniquely within the province of the
5 factfinder). Without any evidence contradicting the reasonable inference that
6 Worker’s hours and wages declined because of her injuries, our whole record review
7 demands affirmance.
8 Employer rejects the applicability of the provision permitting the WCJ to
9 diverge from the statutory formula for determining average weekly wage based on
10 illness, arguing that it is inapplicable to cases involving a disability that is described
11 and determined. [MIO 6] Employer does not refer this Court to any authority to
12 support this view. See In re Adoption of Doe, 100 N.M. 764, 765, 676 P.2d 1329,
13 1330 (1984) (stating that when a party cites no authority to support an argument, we
14 may assume no such authority exists); ITT Educ. Servs., Inc. v. Taxation & Revenue
15 Dep’t, 1998-NMCA-078, ¶ 10, 125 N.M. 244, 959 P.2d 969 (stating that this Court
16 will not consider propositions that are unsupported by citation to authority).
17 Lastly, Employer draws an analogy between the determinations of a worker’s
18 “average weekly wage” and “primary employment.” [MIO 7-8] We are not
19 persuaded that Employer has demonstrated error by use of this analogy. As we stated,
7 1 there was sufficient evidence that Worker’s wages declined because of her injuries
2 and that use of her pre-injury wages is not unreasonable.
3 For the reasons stated above and in our notice, we affirm the compensation
4 order.
5 IT IS SO ORDERED.
6 _______________________________ 7 JAMES J. WECHSLER, Judge
8 WE CONCUR:
9 __________________________________ 10 MICHAEL D. BUSTAMANTE, Judge
11 __________________________________ 12 MICHAEL E. VIGIL, Judge