[Cite as Sage v. Gallagher, 2014-Ohio-1598.]
COURT OF APPEALS RICHLAND COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
HEATHER (GALLAGHER) SAGE JUDGES: Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P. J. Plaintiff-Appellee Hon. John W. Wise, J. Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J. -vs- Case No. 13 CA 64 RONALD C. GALLAGHER
Defendant-Appellant OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Civil Appeal from the Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division, Case No. 2009-DIV-0596
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: April 14, 2014
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant
RAYMOND G. FESMIER CHARLES D. LYNCH 28 Park Avenue West CALHOUN, KADEMENOS & CHILDRESS Suite 501 Six West Third Street, #200 Mansfield, Ohio 44902 Mansfield, Ohio 44902 [Cite as Sage v. Gallagher, 2014-Ohio-1598.]
Wise, J.
{¶1}. Appellant Ronald C. Gallagher appeals the post-decree decision of the
Richland County Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division, which
terminated Appellee Heather Gallagher's spousal support obligation to him. The
relevant facts leading to this appeal are as follows.
{¶2}. Appellant and appellee were married on September 23, 1995, in
Perrysville, Ohio. Appellee filed a complaint for divorce on May 6, 2009.
{¶3}. The divorce proceeded to a final hearing on November 1, 2010. Via a
judgment entry on February 8, 2011, the trial court granted the parties a divorce. Among
other things, Appellee Heather was ordered to pay spousal support to Appellant Ronald
in the amount of $1,500.00 per month, effective on the date of the filing of the decree.
The obligation was ordered to be terminated upon the death of either party, upon
appellant's remarriage or "cohabitation with an adult, unrelated female not his spouse,"
or after the passage of five years, whichever condition were to occur first. The trial court
further maintained continuing jurisdiction to modify the amount of spousal support, but
not the term thereof.
{¶4}. On February 8, 2013, appellee filed a motion with the trial court to modify
or terminate spousal support, alleging that appellant was cohabitating with an unrelated
adult female.
{¶5}. The trial court conducted a hearing on June 5, 2013. Appellant, appellant's
girlfriend Brenda George, and appellee all testified. Via a judgment entry filed June 20,
2013, the trial court terminated spousal support retroactive to February 8, 2013. {¶6}. Appellant filed a notice of appeal on July 18, 2013. He herein raises the
following two Assignments of Error:
{¶7}. “I. THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED ERROR IN TERMINATING
APPELLEE'S SPOUSAL SUPPORT OBLIGATION.
{¶8}. “II. THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED ERROR IN NOT CONSIDERING A
MODIFICATION OF APPELLEE'S SPOUSAL SUPPORT OBLIGATION.”
I.
{¶9}. In his First Assignment of Error, appellant contends the trial court
committed reversible error in terminating appellee's spousal support obligation. We
disagree.
{¶10}. A trial court's decision concerning spousal support may only be altered if it
constitutes an abuse of discretion. See Kunkle v. Kunkle (1990), 51 Ohio St.3d 64, 67,
554 N.E.2d 83. An appellate court likewise reviews a trial court's decision regarding the
termination of spousal support under an abuse of discretion standard of review.
Hartman v. Hartman, 9th Dist. Summit No. 22303, 2005-Ohio-4663, ¶ 13. An abuse of
discretion connotes more than an error of law or judgment; it implies that the court's
attitude is unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable. Blakemore v. Blakemore (1983), 5
Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140.
{¶11}. "Whether or not a particular living arrangement rises to the level of lifestyle
known as 'cohabitation' is a factual question to be initially determined by the trial court."
Moell v. Moell (1994), 98 Ohio App.3d 748, 752, 649 N.E.2d 880, citing Dickerson v.
Dickerson (1993), 87 Ohio App.3d 848, 851, 623 N.E.2d 237, 239. “ '[C]ohabitation’
describes an issue of lifestyle, not a housing arrangement." Id., citing Dickerson, supra, at 850, 623 N.E.2d at 239. When considering this issue, a trial court should look to three
principal factors: “(1) [A]n actual living together; (2) of a sustained duration; and (3) with
shared expenses with respect to financing and day-to-day incidental expenses.” Moell,
supra (additional citations and internal quotations omitted). See, also, Yarnell v. Yarnell,
5th Dist. Delaware No. 05 CAF 0064, 2006-Ohio-3929, ¶ 43.
{¶12}. In the case sub judice, it is undisputed that appellant and his girlfriend,
Brenda George, reside together at the same address in Perrysville, Ohio. Appellant's
two children reside there as well, under a shared parenting plan. Appellant and Brenda
have been residing together since September 2012, and appellant described the
relationship as "intimate." See Tr. at 5, 6, 29. See, also, Tr. at 38, 61. However,
Brenda's name is not on the apartment lease and the utilities are not in her name. Tr. at
42.
{¶13}. The transcript further indicates that at the time of the hearing, appellant
was the manager of a restaurant named "Fluff and Ed's." Tr. at 13. The restaurant is
contiguous to his apartment and shares a common wall. Tr. at 9. As a benefit of
employment, the restaurant pays for his cable television and some of the meals for
himself and his two children. Tr. at 10, 11, 55. Appellant pays $375.00 per month as
rent for the apartment. Included with the rent is the expense for heating, water, sewer
and trash. Tr. at 7, 8, 60. Appellant pays an electric bill of approximately $100.00 per
month and buys groceries for the apartment in the approximate amount of $50.00 per
month. He also buys toilet paper, toothpaste and soap for the house. Tr. at 7, 10, 12.
{¶14}. Appellant's girlfriend, Brenda, also works at Fluff and Ed's. Brenda also
eats at the restaurant as a benefit of employment. Tr. at 11, 31, 41, 55. Brenda uses her income from the restaurant job to pay her own bills for cell phone, personal food and
snacks, and hygiene items. Although her automobile was broken down at the time of the
hearing, she formerly bought gasoline for driving the vehicle. Tr. at 34, 42, 45. Brenda
uses water and electricity and she benefits from the television and the heat at the
apartment, although, as previously noted, these utilities are either picked up by
appellant or included in the rent he pays. Brenda uses some basic items such as toilet
paper and toothpaste, and she usually eats one meal a week at the apartment on
Sundays when the restaurant is closed. Tr. 31-33, 40. Overall, Brenda testified that she
makes no contributions to the living expenses at the apartment. Tr. at 42.
{¶15}. In reviewing the record, we recognize that the trial court was presented
with evidence favoring a technical conclusion that the "shared expenses" factor of
Moell, supra, was weakly demonstrated in terms of joint monetary contributions to the
household. However, the Moell test need not be as strictly applied in this regard as
implicitly suggested by appellant. We believe the overarching principle in such cases is
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
[Cite as Sage v. Gallagher, 2014-Ohio-1598.]
COURT OF APPEALS RICHLAND COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
HEATHER (GALLAGHER) SAGE JUDGES: Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P. J. Plaintiff-Appellee Hon. John W. Wise, J. Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J. -vs- Case No. 13 CA 64 RONALD C. GALLAGHER
Defendant-Appellant OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Civil Appeal from the Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division, Case No. 2009-DIV-0596
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: April 14, 2014
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant
RAYMOND G. FESMIER CHARLES D. LYNCH 28 Park Avenue West CALHOUN, KADEMENOS & CHILDRESS Suite 501 Six West Third Street, #200 Mansfield, Ohio 44902 Mansfield, Ohio 44902 [Cite as Sage v. Gallagher, 2014-Ohio-1598.]
Wise, J.
{¶1}. Appellant Ronald C. Gallagher appeals the post-decree decision of the
Richland County Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division, which
terminated Appellee Heather Gallagher's spousal support obligation to him. The
relevant facts leading to this appeal are as follows.
{¶2}. Appellant and appellee were married on September 23, 1995, in
Perrysville, Ohio. Appellee filed a complaint for divorce on May 6, 2009.
{¶3}. The divorce proceeded to a final hearing on November 1, 2010. Via a
judgment entry on February 8, 2011, the trial court granted the parties a divorce. Among
other things, Appellee Heather was ordered to pay spousal support to Appellant Ronald
in the amount of $1,500.00 per month, effective on the date of the filing of the decree.
The obligation was ordered to be terminated upon the death of either party, upon
appellant's remarriage or "cohabitation with an adult, unrelated female not his spouse,"
or after the passage of five years, whichever condition were to occur first. The trial court
further maintained continuing jurisdiction to modify the amount of spousal support, but
not the term thereof.
{¶4}. On February 8, 2013, appellee filed a motion with the trial court to modify
or terminate spousal support, alleging that appellant was cohabitating with an unrelated
adult female.
{¶5}. The trial court conducted a hearing on June 5, 2013. Appellant, appellant's
girlfriend Brenda George, and appellee all testified. Via a judgment entry filed June 20,
2013, the trial court terminated spousal support retroactive to February 8, 2013. {¶6}. Appellant filed a notice of appeal on July 18, 2013. He herein raises the
following two Assignments of Error:
{¶7}. “I. THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED ERROR IN TERMINATING
APPELLEE'S SPOUSAL SUPPORT OBLIGATION.
{¶8}. “II. THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED ERROR IN NOT CONSIDERING A
MODIFICATION OF APPELLEE'S SPOUSAL SUPPORT OBLIGATION.”
I.
{¶9}. In his First Assignment of Error, appellant contends the trial court
committed reversible error in terminating appellee's spousal support obligation. We
disagree.
{¶10}. A trial court's decision concerning spousal support may only be altered if it
constitutes an abuse of discretion. See Kunkle v. Kunkle (1990), 51 Ohio St.3d 64, 67,
554 N.E.2d 83. An appellate court likewise reviews a trial court's decision regarding the
termination of spousal support under an abuse of discretion standard of review.
Hartman v. Hartman, 9th Dist. Summit No. 22303, 2005-Ohio-4663, ¶ 13. An abuse of
discretion connotes more than an error of law or judgment; it implies that the court's
attitude is unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable. Blakemore v. Blakemore (1983), 5
Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140.
{¶11}. "Whether or not a particular living arrangement rises to the level of lifestyle
known as 'cohabitation' is a factual question to be initially determined by the trial court."
Moell v. Moell (1994), 98 Ohio App.3d 748, 752, 649 N.E.2d 880, citing Dickerson v.
Dickerson (1993), 87 Ohio App.3d 848, 851, 623 N.E.2d 237, 239. “ '[C]ohabitation’
describes an issue of lifestyle, not a housing arrangement." Id., citing Dickerson, supra, at 850, 623 N.E.2d at 239. When considering this issue, a trial court should look to three
principal factors: “(1) [A]n actual living together; (2) of a sustained duration; and (3) with
shared expenses with respect to financing and day-to-day incidental expenses.” Moell,
supra (additional citations and internal quotations omitted). See, also, Yarnell v. Yarnell,
5th Dist. Delaware No. 05 CAF 0064, 2006-Ohio-3929, ¶ 43.
{¶12}. In the case sub judice, it is undisputed that appellant and his girlfriend,
Brenda George, reside together at the same address in Perrysville, Ohio. Appellant's
two children reside there as well, under a shared parenting plan. Appellant and Brenda
have been residing together since September 2012, and appellant described the
relationship as "intimate." See Tr. at 5, 6, 29. See, also, Tr. at 38, 61. However,
Brenda's name is not on the apartment lease and the utilities are not in her name. Tr. at
42.
{¶13}. The transcript further indicates that at the time of the hearing, appellant
was the manager of a restaurant named "Fluff and Ed's." Tr. at 13. The restaurant is
contiguous to his apartment and shares a common wall. Tr. at 9. As a benefit of
employment, the restaurant pays for his cable television and some of the meals for
himself and his two children. Tr. at 10, 11, 55. Appellant pays $375.00 per month as
rent for the apartment. Included with the rent is the expense for heating, water, sewer
and trash. Tr. at 7, 8, 60. Appellant pays an electric bill of approximately $100.00 per
month and buys groceries for the apartment in the approximate amount of $50.00 per
month. He also buys toilet paper, toothpaste and soap for the house. Tr. at 7, 10, 12.
{¶14}. Appellant's girlfriend, Brenda, also works at Fluff and Ed's. Brenda also
eats at the restaurant as a benefit of employment. Tr. at 11, 31, 41, 55. Brenda uses her income from the restaurant job to pay her own bills for cell phone, personal food and
snacks, and hygiene items. Although her automobile was broken down at the time of the
hearing, she formerly bought gasoline for driving the vehicle. Tr. at 34, 42, 45. Brenda
uses water and electricity and she benefits from the television and the heat at the
apartment, although, as previously noted, these utilities are either picked up by
appellant or included in the rent he pays. Brenda uses some basic items such as toilet
paper and toothpaste, and she usually eats one meal a week at the apartment on
Sundays when the restaurant is closed. Tr. 31-33, 40. Overall, Brenda testified that she
makes no contributions to the living expenses at the apartment. Tr. at 42.
{¶15}. In reviewing the record, we recognize that the trial court was presented
with evidence favoring a technical conclusion that the "shared expenses" factor of
Moell, supra, was weakly demonstrated in terms of joint monetary contributions to the
household. However, the Moell test need not be as strictly applied in this regard as
implicitly suggested by appellant. We believe the overarching principle in such cases is
that "[c]ohabitation contemplates a relationship that approximates, or is the functional
equivalent of, a marriage." See Keeley v. Keeley, 12th Dist. Clermont Nos. CA99–07–
075, CA99–080–080, 2000 WL 431362, citing Piscione v. Piscione, 85 Ohio App.3d
273, 275 (9th Dist.1992). While in the case sub judice appellant and Brenda were well
removed from a pure "50/50" shared expenses arrangement, we find the trial court had
the discretion to determine that they were approximating the status of a married couple
for purposes of evaluating the continuation of spousal support under appellant's prior
divorce. {¶16}. Accordingly, upon review of the record, we are unpersuaded that the trial
court abused its discretion in terminating spousal support to appellant under the facts
and circumstances of this case.
{¶17}. Appellant's First Assignment of Error is overruled.
II.
{¶18}. In his Second Assignment of Error, appellant contends the trial court erred
in not considering, in the alternative, a modification of appellee's spousal support
obligation as requested in appellee's motion of February 8, 2013.
{¶19}. Where an obligor's motion to terminate spousal support is based on the
occurrence of a condition subsequent, expressly identified in the divorce decree, a trial
court has jurisdiction to terminate the spousal support obligation if it determines that the
obligee was cohabiting with another person in a relationship that was comparable to
marriage. See Guggenbiller v. Guggenbiller, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 10CA009871, 2011-
Ohio-3622, ¶ 6. Based on our conclusions regarding appellant's First Assignment of
Error, the trial court was not required to consider and order modification in lieu of
termination of spousal support. We therefore find the Second Assignment of Error to be
moot. {¶20}. For the reasons stated in the foregoing opinion, the judgment of the Court
of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division, Richland County, Ohio, is hereby
affirmed.
By: Wise, J.
Gwin, J. and
Baldwin, J. concur
JWW/d 0326