Ruiz v. Los Lunas Public Schools

2013 NMCA 085, 4 N.M. 548
CourtNew Mexico Supreme Court
DecidedMay 20, 2013
DocketDocket No. 31,454
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 2013 NMCA 085 (Ruiz v. Los Lunas Public Schools) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New Mexico Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Ruiz v. Los Lunas Public Schools, 2013 NMCA 085, 4 N.M. 548 (N.M. 2013).

Opinion

OPINION

VIGIL, Judge.

Worker’s motion for rehearing is granted. The memorandum opinion filed in this case on March 26, 2013, is hereby withdrawn, and this Opinion is substituted in its place.

In this workers’ compensation case, Worker appeals and Employer cross-appeals from two compensation orders entered by the workers’ compensation judge following a trial on the merits. For the reasons set forth helow, we affirm in part and reverse in part.

BACKGROUND

Worker was working as a school bus driver with the Los Lunas Public Schools (Employer) when she injured her back and shoulder on October 8, 2007. Following a formal hearing, the workers’ compensation judge (WCJ) determined that Worker’s average weekly wage (AWW) was $270.30; that she had failed to perform a prescribed home exercise program during her recovery and this failure constituted an injurious practice supporting a reduction of her impairment rating by one percent; that Worker’s unreasonable refusal of Employer’s job offers rendered her ineligible for temporary total disability (TTD) benefits and modified permanent partial disability (PPD) benefits; and that Worker’s residual physical capacity was light duty. Following a hearing on Worker’s attorney fees, the WC J found that Employer’s offer of compensation was untimely, and Employer was ordered to pay fifty percent of Worker’s attorney fees. Additional pertinent facts are discussed as they relate to the issues below.

ISSUES

On appeal, Worker contends the WCJ erred when it: (1) included wages from the 2006-2007 school year in determining Worker’s AWW; (2) found that Worker had persisted in an injurious practice by not following a home exercise program and reduced Worker’s impairment rating by one percent; (3) denied Worker’s TTD benefits and PPD modifier benefits due to her rejection of job offers; and (4) classified Worker’s residual physical capacity as light duty when there was evidence she was unable to push or pull with her arms. In its cross-appeal, Employer argues the WCJ erred by: (1) reducing Worker’s impairment rating by one percent for her injurious practice because the evidence supports a reduction of no less than five percent; and (2) ordering Employer to pay fifty percent of Worker’s attorney fees because Employer had made a valid offer of compensation prior to the start of trial.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

“We review workers’ compensation orders using the whole record standard of review.” Leonard v. Payday Prof’l, 2007-NMCA-128, ¶ 10, 142 N.M. 605, 168 P.3d 177. “In applying whole record review, this Court reviews both favorable and unfavorable evidence to determine whether there is evidence that a reasonable mind could accept as adequate to support the conclusions reached by the fact finder.” Levario v. Ysidro Villareal Labor Agency, 120 N.M. 734, 737, 906 P.2d 266, 269 (Ct. App. 1995). “Under whole record review, the court views the evidence in the light most favorable to the agency decision, but may not view favorable evidence with total disregard to contravening evidence.” Tallman v. ABF (Arkansas Best Freight), 108 N.M. 124, 128, 767 P.2d 363, 367 (Ct. App. 1988) (citations omitted), holding modified on other grounds by Delgado v. Phelps Dodge Chino, Inc., 2001-NMSC-034, 131 N.M. 272, 34 P.3d 1148. We review the WCJ’s application of the law to the facts de novo. Tom Growney Equip. Co. v. Jouett, 2005-NMSC-015, ¶ 13, 137 N.M. 497, 113 P.3d 320.

DISCUSSION

I. Worker’s Average Weekly Wage

Worker begins by challenging the calculation of her AWW pursuant to NMSA 1978, Section 52-l-20(B) (1990), on the basis of the employment contracts she entered into at the start of each school year. Under the terms of her contract, Worker was hired to drive a school bus for approximately forty weeks between August and May, with her pay distributed to her over the course of fifty-two weeks. If Worker was hired to drive in June and July, the parties entered into a separate employment contract.

The WCJ determined that “Worker’s wage can be fairly calculated under Section 52-1-20(B). Wages paid from April 6, 2007 to October 5, 2007 (182 days) total $7,027.86 divided by 26 equals $270.30.” Worker contends that the WC J should have calculated her AWW under Section 52-1-20(B)(1) because a new period of employment began in August 2007 under the terms of her contract, and because she was not offered work in June and July 2007. Worker alternatively argues that this Court should calculate her AWW pursuant to Section 52-l-20(C) because the calculation methods provided under either Section 52-l-20(B) or Section 52-1-20(B)(1) result in an unrealistic calculation. Employer contends that the WCJ correctly applied the plain language of Section 52-l-20(B) after determining that Worker had been paid by the school district for the twenty-six weeks preceding her injury. We agree with Employer.

Under Section 52-l-20(B), a worker’s “average weekly wage shall be determined by computing the total wages paid to the worker during the twenty-six weeks immediately preceding the date of injury and dividing by twenty-six.” Id. “[I]f the worker worked less than twenty-six weeks in the employment in which the worker was injured, the average weekly wage shall be based upon the total wage earned by the worker in the employment in which the worker was injured, divided by the total number of weeks actually worked in that employment.” Section 52-1-20(B)(1). “[I]n any case where the foregoing methods of computing the average weekly wage of the employee . . . will not fairly compute the average weekly wage, in each particular case, computation of the average weekly wage of the employee in such other manner and by such other method as will be based upon the facts presented [to] fairly determine such employee’s average weekly wage.” Section 52-l-20(C).

Under the terms of her employment contract, Worker was paid over a fifty-two week calendar year for approximately forty weeks of actual work. Therefore, even though Worker was not offered work as a bus driver in June and July, her payroll records indicate that she continually received wages for her work from the 2006-2007 school year during this time. The plain language of Section 52-l-20(B) specifies that a worker’s AWW is calculated by examining “the total wages paid to the worker during the twenty-six weeks immediately preceding the date of injury,” indicating that our focus is on the wages earned by Worker, not whether she was actually working during this time. Because Worker’s payroll records indicate that she did receive wages over the course of the twenty-six weeks preceding her injury, we find that the WCJ’s AWW calculation under Section 52-1-20(B) was appropriate. See Vinyard v. Palo Alto, Inc., 2013-NMCA-001, ¶ 16, 293 P.3d 191 (illustrating the propriety of adhering to the methodology set forth in Section 52-1-20(B) where a fair computation results).

Worker contends that Section 52-1-20(B) is inapplicable because the terms of her contract and the fact that she did not work during the summer months preceding her injury establish that she had not worked for twenty-six weeks in the employment. We disagree.

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Related

State v. Lowe
New Mexico Court of Appeals, 2014
Ruiz v. Los Lunas Pub. Sch.
2013 NMCA 85 (New Mexico Court of Appeals, 2013)

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2013 NMCA 085, 4 N.M. 548, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/ruiz-v-los-lunas-public-schools-nm-2013.