Ruiz Gonzalez v. Bondi

• Court: Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
• Decided: March 17, 2026
• Docket: 25-4177
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MAR 17 2026 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

MIRIAN NOHEMI RUIZ GONZALEZ; Y. No. 25-4177 N. N. R.; S. N. R. G., Agency Nos. A245-814-786 Petitioners, A245-814-788 A245-814-790 v.

PAMELA BONDI, Attorney General, MEMORANDUM*

Respondent.

On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals

Submitted March 6, 2026** Seattle, Washington

Before: PAEZ, BEA, and BRESS, Circuit Judges.

Mirian Nohemi Ruiz Gonzalez and her two minor children, Y.N.N.R. and

S.N.R.G., natives and citizens of Guatemala, petition for review of a Board of

Immigration Appeals (BIA) decision dismissing their appeal of an Immigration

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). Judge’s (IJ) order denying their applications for asylum, withholding of removal,

and protection under the Convention Against Torture (CAT).1 We review the denial

of asylum, withholding of removal, and CAT protection for substantial evidence.

Duran-Rodriguez v. Barr, 918 F.3d 1025, 1028 (9th Cir. 2019). “Under this

standard, we must uphold the agency determination unless the evidence compels a

contrary conclusion.” Id. We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252, and we deny

the petition.

1. Substantial evidence supports the denial of asylum and withholding of

removal. To be eligible for asylum, Ruiz Gonzalez must demonstrate a “likelihood

of ‘persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion,

nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.’” Sharma

v. Garland, 9 F.4th 1052, 1059 (9th Cir. 2021) (quoting 8 U.S.C.

§ 1101(a)(42)(A)). To establish eligibility for withholding of removal, she must

show “that it is more likely than not” that she will be persecuted if returned to

Guatemala “because of” membership in a particular social group or other protected

ground. Barajas-Romero v. Lynch, 846 F.3d 351, 357, 360 (9th Cir. 2017); see also

8 U.S.C. § 1231(b)(3).

1 Ruiz Gonzalez’s children are derivative beneficiaries, and their claims are based on Ruiz Gonzalez’s. We refer to petitioners collectively as “Ruiz Gonzalez.”

2 25-4177 “A petitioner who has suffered past persecution is presumed to have a well-

founded fear of future persecution.” Parada v. Sessions, 902 F.3d 901, 911 (9th Cir.

2018). However, the government can “rebut that presumption if it establishes by a

preponderance of the evidence that . . . the ‘applicant could avoid future persecution

by relocating to another part of the applicant’s country of nationality.’” Id. (quoting

8 C.F.R. § 1208.13(b)(1)). “Relocation analysis consists of two steps: (1) whether

an applicant could relocate safely, and (2) whether it would be reasonable to require

the applicant to do so.” Singh v. Whitaker, 914 F.3d 654, 659 (9th Cir. 2019)

(quotation omitted).

In this case, substantial evidence supports the agency’s conclusion that,

assuming the abuse by Ruiz Gonzalez’s father rose to the level of past persecution,

the government demonstrated by a preponderance of the evidence that Ruiz

Gonzalez could avoid the persecution she fears by safely relocating within

Guatemala. The persecution Ruiz Gonzalez fears is contingent on residing with her

father, which she would not need to do upon return to Guatemala. Ruiz Gonzalez’s

two brothers, who were also abused by their father as children, are now living in

Guatemala and not suffering abuse from him. See Hakeem v. I.N.S., 273 F.3d 812,

816 (9th Cir. 2001) (noting that “[a]n applicant’s claim of persecution upon return

is weakened, even undercut, when similarly-situated family members continue to

3 25-4177 live in the country without incident”). And Ruiz Gonzalez has had no contact with

her father since she left Guatemala.

The agency also permissibly concluded that relocation within Guatemala

would be reasonable, because Ruiz Gonzalez’s mother (who currently supports Ruiz

Gonzalez) and siblings could assist her with the relocation and because Ruiz

Gonzalez is young, healthy, and able to work. The record does not compel a contrary

conclusion.

2. Substantial evidence likewise supports the denial of CAT relief. To prevail

on her CAT claim, Ruiz Gonzalez must show that, “taking into account all possible

sources of torture, [s]he is more likely than not to be tortured” if removed to

Guatemala. Velasquez-Samayoa v. Garland, 49 F.4th 1149, 1156 (9th Cir. 2022)

(quotation omitted). Torture is “an extreme form of cruel and inhuman treatment,” 8

C.F.R. § 1208.18(a)(2), which is “inflicted by, or at the instigation of, or with the

consent or acquiescence of, a public official acting in an official capacity or other

person acting in an official capacity,” 8 C.F.R. § 1208.18(a)(1). “In assessing whether

it is more likely than not that an applicant would be tortured in the proposed country

of removal,” the agency considers “all evidence relevant to the possibility of future

torture . . . including . . . [e]vidence that the applicant could relocate to a part of the

country of removal where he or she is not likely to be tortured.” 8 C.F.R.

§ 1208.16(c)(3).

4 25-4177 Ruiz Gonzalez’s CAT claim is based on the same fear of abuse from her father

as her asylum and withholding claims. For the reasons discussed above, substantial

evidence supports the agency’s finding that Ruiz Gonzalez would be able to avoid any

torture from her father by relocating within Guatemala.

PETITION DENIED.2

2 Ruiz Gonzalez’s motion to stay removal, Dkt. 3, is denied. The temporary stay of removal shall remain in place until the mandate issues.

5 25-4177