Ruddell v. Wren

70 N.E. 751, 208 Ill. 508

• Court: Illinois Supreme Court
• Decided: April 20, 1904
• Status: Published

Opinion

Mr. Justice Magruder

delivered the opinion of the court :

All the interests of the parties to this proceeding, claiming to be the owners as tenants’ in common of the premises sought to be partitioned, are admitted to be subject to the life estate of the testator’s daughter, Blnora Alice Alkire. Undoubtedly, reversioners and remainder-men, owning interests in fee inland subject to an unexpired life estate, are entitled to partition. (Scoville v. Hilliard, 48 Ill. 453; Drake v. Merkle, 153 id. 318.) But we are of the opinion that the appéllant here, complainant below, was not entitled'to partition, and that his bill was properly dismissed by the chancellor for the reasons hereinafter stated.

First—Section 1 of the Partition' act provides “that when land, tenements or hereditaments are held in * * * tenancy in common * * * any one or more of the persons interested therein may compel a partition thereof,” etc. (3 Starr & Curt. Ann. Stat.—2d ed.-—p. 2912.) The appellant was, therefore, required, in order to entitle himself to a partition of the premises, to show that he was the owner of an interest therein as tenant in common with the parties against whom the partition is sought. The appellant has no such interest in the land here in controversy. The daughter of the testator is given a life estate; after the expiration of the life estate her surviving children, if she leaves any, take the property, but, in case she dies without any children, then the property is given to the brothers and sisters of the testator,, with the provision that, in case any one or more of such brothers and sisters shall be dead at the time of the death of his said daughter, then the share of such deceased -brother or sister shall go to and be equally divided among his or her children, share and share alike. The exact language of the will is, “then and in that event I give, devise and bequeath in equal parts, share and share alike, all my real and personal estate to my brothers and sisters.” The bill alleges that-the testator, Nicholas Wren, left him surviving three brothers and four sisters, naming them, and the demurrer admits this allegation to be true. These three brothers and four sisters were all living at the death of the testator. It is these brothers and sisters, or-their children, who are to take, in case the life tenant shall die without issue. The will makes no provision for the children or grandchildren of the brothers and sisters of the testator, who died before his death. “A will takes effect at the death of the testator.” (Scofield v. Olcott, 120 Ill. 362.) The brothers and sisters referred to, who were to take, were the brothers and sisters, who should be alive at the death of the testator. The only interest, which the appellant, the complainant below, has in the land, sought to be divided, is such interest as he obtained through the deed, executed by Euphemia E. Bramlet; but Euphemia E. Braml$t wa-s the daughter of John Wren, a brother of Nicholas Wren, the testator, who died before the testator. Euphemia E. Bramlet, therefore, had no interest whatever to convey, nor can she, in any event or under any circumstances, take any interest in the property under the will of the testator. When a man makes a devise to his brothers and sisters surviving him at the time of his death, he does not include in such devise his nephews and nieces, or grand-nephews and grand-nieces, who are the children of brothers and sisters, who have died before the date of his own death.

Second—The remainder, which was to go under the third clause of the will of Nicholas Wren to his brothers and sisters, or the children of any of them, after the death of his daughter without issue, cannot be regarded as otherwise than a contingent remainder. If it is a contingent remainder, and not a vested remainder, then there can be no partition made at this time of the premises in controversy.

The third clause of the will reads in part as follows: “After the death of my said daughter it is my will that, if she shall leave her surviving any child or children that such child or children shall have and I do hereby give, devise and bequeath to him, her or them in equal parts, if there be more than one child, all of my real estate and personal property; and in case my said daughter shall die without leaving any child or children, then and in that event I give, devise and bequeath in equal parts, share and share alike, all my real and personal estate to my brothers and sisters.” If the portion thus quoted were all of the third clause, then the four sisters and three brothers of the testator, who were alive when he died, would have taken immediately upon his death a vested estate, subject to open up and let in the children of the life tenant, in case she should have children. In other words, the remainder to the brothers and sisters would have been a vested remainder. A vested remainder has been defined by this court as follows: “A vested remainder is an estate to take effect after another estate for years, life or in tail, which is so limited that, if that particular estate were to expire or end in any way at the-present time, some certain person, who was in esse and answered the description of the remainder-man during the continuance of the particular estate, would thereupon become entitled to the immediate possession, irrespective of the concurrence of any collateral contingency.” (Boatman v. Boatman, 198 Ill. 414). In the case of Boatman v. Boatman, supra-, it was held that a devise of the residue of the testator’s property to his eight children share and share alike, except that the share of one son should be a life estate only, the remainder in fee to go to any child or children surviving him, or if he left no child or children, then to his brothers and sisters, created a vested remainder in such brothers and sisters, regardless of the fact that children might thereafter be born to the life tenant, and the remainder be thereby divested. In case the third clause of the will of Nicholas Wren had contained nothing except the portion last above quoted, then the brothers and sisters of Nicholas Wren, living at the time of his death, would be the only persons in esse, who could answer the description of remainder-men. The mere fact, that children" might afterwards be born to Elnora Alice Alkire and might survive her, would not render the interest of the brothers and sisters of the testator living at the time of his death contingent. Such brothers and sisters at the death of the testator would have become seized of a vested remainder in the land in which the daughter had a life estate. The remainder would have been liable to be divested by the birth of a child to Elnora Alice Alkire, who should survive her. To the same effect also is the recent case of Chapin v. Nott, 203 Ill. 341. In the latter case, it was held that a deed to the grantee find the heirs of her body, and in the event of her death without issue, the land to revert to three named persons in being, passed a vested remainder to such persons, subject to defeasance by the birth of issue to the grantee, and, if any of such persons died before the grantee, her interest passed to her heirs.

But the third clause of the will here under consideration, in addition to the portion so last quoted and commented upon, ends as follows: “And in case any one or more or all of them shall be dead at the time of the death of my said daughter, then the share of such deceased brother or sister shall go to and be equally divided among his or her children, share and share alike.” This language makes the remainder, which was to go to the brothers and sisters, or, in case of the death of any of them, to the children of those dying, a contingent remainder. “A conting-ent remainder is one limited to take effect either to a dubious and uncertain person, or upon a dubious and uncertain event.” (2 Blackstone’s Com. 168; Haward v. Peavey, 128 Ill. 430; Thompson v. Adams, 205 id. 552). The remainder, which is devised to take effect upon the death of the life tenant, Elnora Alice Alkire, without leaving any child or children, is to dubious and uncertain persons. If the brothers and sisters of the testator, who were alive when he died, survive the life tenant, Elnora Alice Alkire, she leaving no child or children, they become entitled to the estate; but their title is conditional upon their being alive at the time of Elnora’s decease. If either one of the brothers and sisters is dead at the time of the decease of the life tenant, his or her share is to go to his or her children. As it is uncertain whether either one or more of the brothers and sisters of the testator will die before the death of the life tenant, it is uncertain whether the shares of the brothers and sisters will belong to them, or to such children of theirs as may be alive when the life tenant dies. So, also, the title of the child or children of any-brother or sister, who may be dead at the time, of the death of the life tenant, is conditional upon such child or children surviving the parent. The facts of this case thus bring it within- the doctrine of the case of Thompson v. Adams, supra. In the latter case the will provided as follows: “Fourth-—And upon the death of my said wife, Elizabeth Adams, while she remains my widow, then and in that event it is my will, and I hereby order and direct that my said estate, both real and personal, then remaining, be then equally divided between my said two daughters., Elizabeth Rebecca Adams and Emma Matilda Thompson, wife of said Charles Francis Thompson, or the survivor of them, their heirs and legal representatives, share and share alike. Fifth—In the event of the death of either one of my said daughters, leaving a child or children her surviving, during the lifetime of my said wife, Elizabeth Adams, then the entire distributive share so bequeathed to such deceased daughter hereunder shall at once, upon the death of my said wife, Elizabeth Adams, descend and pass to the surviving child or children of such deceased daughter forever, share and share alike;” and, in interpreting the fourth and fifth clauses of the will as thus quoted, it was there held that remainders which, in case of the death of the life tenant without re-marrying, were to go to her daughters, who survived her, and to grandchildren, who survived their parents, but whose parents died before the grandparent, the widow, were contingent.

There is a manifest uncertainty as to the persons, who will be ultimately entitled to the remainder of the estate of Nicholas Wren at the time of Mrs. Alkire’s death, in case she die without child or children. The brothers and sisters of the testator are by the express terms of the will not to take the estate, unless they survive Mrs. Alkire’s death, and she leaves no issue; and if they do not survive her death, the children of such, as are dead at that time, take their parent’s share as purchasers under the will, and not by descent from their parent. (Bates v. Gillett, 132 Ill. 287). It follows that the remainder cannot be properly partitioned before the death of Mrs. Alkire, because any brother or sister of the testator, who dies in her lifetime, can take nothing in the remainder if she afterward die without issue; and the children of such brother or sister so dying will not take anything by descent, as the will expressly directs that the children of such deceased brother or sister shall in such case take the parent’s share, not by descent from their father or mother, but from the testator directly, and as purchasers, under the will. The uncertainty as to the individuals, who shall thus take and enjoy the remainder at Mrs. Alkire’s death, if she leave no child or children, distinguishes the case at bar from the case of Boatman v. Boatman, supra. The rights and interests of the parties-interested cannot be declared in a decree for partition made before Mrs. Alkire’s death. 'Suppose such decree should now be entered, and one of the brothers and sisters of the testator, living at the time of his decease, should be dead at the time of Mrs. Alkire’s death, the decree would not be binding upon the child or children of such deceased brother or sister. The third clause expressly provides that “then,” that is to say, at the death of Mrs. Alkire, (Strain v. Sweeny, 163 Ill. 603,) the share of such deceased brother or sister shall go to and be equally divided among his or her children “share and share alike;” and, this being so, such children, not being parties to this suit nor represented here, would not be bound by the decree for partition.

Even, therefore, if this partition proceeding were begun by one of the devisees under the will, who holds an interest as a tenant in common, it could not be maintained, because the remainder to go to the brothers and sisters or their children is a contingent one, and the persons who are to take that remainder, at the death without issue of Mrs. Alkire, are uncertain, and cannot now be ascertained.

For these reasons the decree of the circuit court, dismissing the bill, is affirmed.

Decree affirmed.