Case: 24-1253 Document: 61 Page: 1 Filed: 10/21/2025
NOTE: This disposition is nonprecedential.
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ______________________
ROTHSCHILD CONNECTED DEVICES INNOVATIONS, LLC, Plaintiff-Appellant
v.
COCA-COLA COMPANY, Defendant-Appellee ______________________
2024-1253 ______________________
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia in No. 1:16-cv-01241-TWT, Judge Thomas W. Thrash, Jr. ______________________
Decided: October 21, 2025 ______________________
JOHN C. CAREY, Carey Rodriguez Milian Gonya, LLP, Miami, FL, argued for plaintiff-appellant.
PAUL WHITFIELD HUGHES, III, McDermott Will & Schulte LLP, Washington, DC, argued for defendant-appel- lee. Also represented by SARAH HOGARTH, CHARLES H. SEIDELL; JODI BENASSI, San Francisco, CA; ALAN SHANE NICHOLS, Atlanta, GA. ______________________ Case: 24-1253 Document: 61 Page: 2 Filed: 10/21/2025
Before LOURIE, PROST, and STOLL, Circuit Judges. PROST, Circuit Judge. Rothschild Connected Devices Innovations, LLC (“Rothschild”) sued Coca-Cola Co. (“Coca-Cola”) for infring- ing U.S. Patent No. 8,417,377 (“the ’377 patent”). The U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Georgia granted summary judgment of noninfringement. Rothschild ap- peals. We affirm. I Rothschild challenges the district court’s interpreta- tion of claim 11 of the ’377 patent as requiring that certain steps be performed in a particular order. Claim 11, which is the only independent claim at issue, recites: A beverage dispenser comprising: at least one compartment containing an element of a beverage; at least one valve coupling the at least one com- partment to a dispensing section configured to dis- pense the beverage; a mixing chamber for mixing the beverage; a user interface module configured to receive an[] identity of a user and an identifier of the beverage; a communication module configured to transmit the identity of the user and the identifier of the bev- erage to a server over a network, receive user gener- ated beverage product preferences based on the identity of the user and the identifier of the beverage from the server and communicat[e] the user gener- ated beverage product preferences to controller; and the controller coupled to the communication mod- ule and configured to actuate the at least one valve Case: 24-1253 Document: 61 Page: 3 Filed: 10/21/2025
ROTHSCHILD CONNECTED DEVICES INNOVATIONS, LLC v. 3 COCA-COLA COMPANY
to control an amount of the element to be dispensed and to actuate the mixing chamber based on the user gene[r]ated beverage product preferences. ’377 patent claim 11 (emphasis added). At issue in this appeal is whether the claimed commu- nication module must be configured to perform its steps in the order in which they are written—namely: (1) “transmit the identity of the user and the identifier of the beverage to a server over a network”; (2) “receive user generated bev- erage product preferences based on the identity of the user and the identifier of the beverage from the server”; and (3) “communicat[e] the user generated beverage product preferences to controller.” Id. The district court said yes—the communication module must be configured to do these things in that particular or- der. Rothschild Connected Devices Innovations, LLC v. Coca-Cola Co., 688 F. Supp. 3d 1281, 1295–1300 (N.D. Ga. 2023). There is no dispute that, under this interpretation, Coca-Cola does not literally infringe via its accused Free- style dispensers. The district court therefore granted sum- mary judgment of noninfringement. Id. at 1300. Rothschild timely appealed. We have jurisdiction un- der 28 U.S.C. § 1295(a)(1). II We agree that the claimed communication module must be configured to perform its steps in the order in which they are written. We therefore affirm the summary judgment of noninfringement.1
1 Rothschild separately maintains that the district court erred by not considering an alternative theory of in- fringement that was premised on Coca-Cola’s Freestyle Case: 24-1253 Document: 61 Page: 4 Filed: 10/21/2025
Although a particular order of method steps is typically not required unless the steps actually recite one, “such a result can ensue when the method steps implicitly require that they be performed in the order written.” Altiris, Inc. v. Symantec Corp., 318 F.3d 1363, 1369 (Fed. Cir. 2003) (cleaned up). We apply a two-part test for determining if steps that do not otherwise recite an order “must nonethe- less be performed in the order in which they are written.” Id. “First, we look to the claim language to determine if, as a matter of logic or grammar, they must be performed in the order written.” Id. “If not, we next look to the rest of the specification to determine whether it directly or implic- itly requires such a narrow construction. If not, the se- quence in which such steps are written is not a requirement.” Id. at 1370 (emphasis in original) (cleaned up). We agree with the district court that, as a matter of logic or grammar, the communication module must be con- figured to perform its steps in the order in which they are written. As the court observed, in the first step, the com- munication module is configured to transmit—to a server— “the identity of the user and the identifier of the beverage.” ’377 patent claim 11; see Rothschild, 688 F. Supp. 3d at 1297–98. In the second step, the communication module is configured to receive—from the server—“user generated beverage product preferences based on the identity of the user and the identifier of the beverage” (i.e., “based on” the very things that, in the first step, the communication
mobile app and the doctrine of equivalents. The district court, in declining to consider this theory, referenced its lo- cal patent rules and noted that Rothschild had not included this theory in its infringement contentions or expert re- ports. Under these circumstances, we see no abuse of dis- cretion or otherwise reversible error in the district court’s decision not to consider this theory. Case: 24-1253 Document: 61 Page: 5 Filed: 10/21/2025
ROTHSCHILD CONNECTED DEVICES INNOVATIONS, LLC v. 5 COCA-COLA COMPANY
module is configured to transmit to the server). ’377 patent claim 11 (emphasis added); see Rothschild, 688 F. Supp. 3d at 1297–98. This use of “based on” strongly indicates that the first step precedes the second. As to the third step— “communicat[e] the user generated beverage product pref- erences to controller,” ’377 patent claim 11—the court viewed it as “send[ing] the product preferences received by the communication module in [the second step] to the con- troller,” Rothschild, 688 F. Supp. 3d at 1298. The court also observed that this particular order accords with the speci- fication, which not only contains language and figures de- scribing this order, but also contains nothing suggesting Rothschild’s contrary reading of claim 11. See id. at 1299 (citing ’377 patent col. 6 ll. 7–20, col. 7 l. 56–col. 8 l. 32, and Figs. 3 & 5). We agree with the district court’s “common-sense read- ing” of this limitation and conclude that the communication module must be configured to perform its steps in the order in which they are written. See id. at 1298. Rothschild disagrees. It insists that, because claim 11 is an apparatus claim, and because “apparatus claims cover what a device is, not what a device does,” the claim cannot require ordered steps. See Reply Br. 4 (quoting Hewlett-Packard Co. v. Bausch & Lomb Inc., 909 F.2d 1464
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Case: 24-1253 Document: 61 Page: 1 Filed: 10/21/2025
NOTE: This disposition is nonprecedential.
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ______________________
ROTHSCHILD CONNECTED DEVICES INNOVATIONS, LLC, Plaintiff-Appellant
v.
COCA-COLA COMPANY, Defendant-Appellee ______________________
2024-1253 ______________________
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia in No. 1:16-cv-01241-TWT, Judge Thomas W. Thrash, Jr. ______________________
Decided: October 21, 2025 ______________________
JOHN C. CAREY, Carey Rodriguez Milian Gonya, LLP, Miami, FL, argued for plaintiff-appellant.
PAUL WHITFIELD HUGHES, III, McDermott Will & Schulte LLP, Washington, DC, argued for defendant-appel- lee. Also represented by SARAH HOGARTH, CHARLES H. SEIDELL; JODI BENASSI, San Francisco, CA; ALAN SHANE NICHOLS, Atlanta, GA. ______________________ Case: 24-1253 Document: 61 Page: 2 Filed: 10/21/2025
Before LOURIE, PROST, and STOLL, Circuit Judges. PROST, Circuit Judge. Rothschild Connected Devices Innovations, LLC (“Rothschild”) sued Coca-Cola Co. (“Coca-Cola”) for infring- ing U.S. Patent No. 8,417,377 (“the ’377 patent”). The U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Georgia granted summary judgment of noninfringement. Rothschild ap- peals. We affirm. I Rothschild challenges the district court’s interpreta- tion of claim 11 of the ’377 patent as requiring that certain steps be performed in a particular order. Claim 11, which is the only independent claim at issue, recites: A beverage dispenser comprising: at least one compartment containing an element of a beverage; at least one valve coupling the at least one com- partment to a dispensing section configured to dis- pense the beverage; a mixing chamber for mixing the beverage; a user interface module configured to receive an[] identity of a user and an identifier of the beverage; a communication module configured to transmit the identity of the user and the identifier of the bev- erage to a server over a network, receive user gener- ated beverage product preferences based on the identity of the user and the identifier of the beverage from the server and communicat[e] the user gener- ated beverage product preferences to controller; and the controller coupled to the communication mod- ule and configured to actuate the at least one valve Case: 24-1253 Document: 61 Page: 3 Filed: 10/21/2025
ROTHSCHILD CONNECTED DEVICES INNOVATIONS, LLC v. 3 COCA-COLA COMPANY
to control an amount of the element to be dispensed and to actuate the mixing chamber based on the user gene[r]ated beverage product preferences. ’377 patent claim 11 (emphasis added). At issue in this appeal is whether the claimed commu- nication module must be configured to perform its steps in the order in which they are written—namely: (1) “transmit the identity of the user and the identifier of the beverage to a server over a network”; (2) “receive user generated bev- erage product preferences based on the identity of the user and the identifier of the beverage from the server”; and (3) “communicat[e] the user generated beverage product preferences to controller.” Id. The district court said yes—the communication module must be configured to do these things in that particular or- der. Rothschild Connected Devices Innovations, LLC v. Coca-Cola Co., 688 F. Supp. 3d 1281, 1295–1300 (N.D. Ga. 2023). There is no dispute that, under this interpretation, Coca-Cola does not literally infringe via its accused Free- style dispensers. The district court therefore granted sum- mary judgment of noninfringement. Id. at 1300. Rothschild timely appealed. We have jurisdiction un- der 28 U.S.C. § 1295(a)(1). II We agree that the claimed communication module must be configured to perform its steps in the order in which they are written. We therefore affirm the summary judgment of noninfringement.1
1 Rothschild separately maintains that the district court erred by not considering an alternative theory of in- fringement that was premised on Coca-Cola’s Freestyle Case: 24-1253 Document: 61 Page: 4 Filed: 10/21/2025
Although a particular order of method steps is typically not required unless the steps actually recite one, “such a result can ensue when the method steps implicitly require that they be performed in the order written.” Altiris, Inc. v. Symantec Corp., 318 F.3d 1363, 1369 (Fed. Cir. 2003) (cleaned up). We apply a two-part test for determining if steps that do not otherwise recite an order “must nonethe- less be performed in the order in which they are written.” Id. “First, we look to the claim language to determine if, as a matter of logic or grammar, they must be performed in the order written.” Id. “If not, we next look to the rest of the specification to determine whether it directly or implic- itly requires such a narrow construction. If not, the se- quence in which such steps are written is not a requirement.” Id. at 1370 (emphasis in original) (cleaned up). We agree with the district court that, as a matter of logic or grammar, the communication module must be con- figured to perform its steps in the order in which they are written. As the court observed, in the first step, the com- munication module is configured to transmit—to a server— “the identity of the user and the identifier of the beverage.” ’377 patent claim 11; see Rothschild, 688 F. Supp. 3d at 1297–98. In the second step, the communication module is configured to receive—from the server—“user generated beverage product preferences based on the identity of the user and the identifier of the beverage” (i.e., “based on” the very things that, in the first step, the communication
mobile app and the doctrine of equivalents. The district court, in declining to consider this theory, referenced its lo- cal patent rules and noted that Rothschild had not included this theory in its infringement contentions or expert re- ports. Under these circumstances, we see no abuse of dis- cretion or otherwise reversible error in the district court’s decision not to consider this theory. Case: 24-1253 Document: 61 Page: 5 Filed: 10/21/2025
ROTHSCHILD CONNECTED DEVICES INNOVATIONS, LLC v. 5 COCA-COLA COMPANY
module is configured to transmit to the server). ’377 patent claim 11 (emphasis added); see Rothschild, 688 F. Supp. 3d at 1297–98. This use of “based on” strongly indicates that the first step precedes the second. As to the third step— “communicat[e] the user generated beverage product pref- erences to controller,” ’377 patent claim 11—the court viewed it as “send[ing] the product preferences received by the communication module in [the second step] to the con- troller,” Rothschild, 688 F. Supp. 3d at 1298. The court also observed that this particular order accords with the speci- fication, which not only contains language and figures de- scribing this order, but also contains nothing suggesting Rothschild’s contrary reading of claim 11. See id. at 1299 (citing ’377 patent col. 6 ll. 7–20, col. 7 l. 56–col. 8 l. 32, and Figs. 3 & 5). We agree with the district court’s “common-sense read- ing” of this limitation and conclude that the communication module must be configured to perform its steps in the order in which they are written. See id. at 1298. Rothschild disagrees. It insists that, because claim 11 is an apparatus claim, and because “apparatus claims cover what a device is, not what a device does,” the claim cannot require ordered steps. See Reply Br. 4 (quoting Hewlett-Packard Co. v. Bausch & Lomb Inc., 909 F.2d 1464, 1468 (Fed. Cir. 1990) (emphasis in original)). We are unpersuaded. The principle that apparatus claims cover what a device is, not what it does, serves as a “useful reminder that the focus of apparatus claims is the structure and not the operation or use.” INVT SPE LLC v. ITC, 46 F.4th 1361, 1376 (Fed. Cir. 2022) (citing Hewlett- Packard, 909 F.2d at 1468). But when, as here, an appa- ratus claim “depend[s] on functional claiming to describe the apparatus,” “what the device does (and how it does it) is highly relevant to understanding what the device is.” See id. at 1376–77 (emphasis in original) (discussing com- puter- or software-based inventions). Given that this Case: 24-1253 Document: 61 Page: 6 Filed: 10/21/2025
apparatus claim includes functional language requiring that the communication module be configured to do certain things, we will not disregard language concerning how (e.g., the order in which) it must do them. III We have considered Rothschild’s remaining arguments and find them unpersuasive. For the foregoing reasons, we affirm. AFFIRMED