Opinion of the Court by
Commissioner Sandidge
Reversing.
Appellants, Eng’ene Ross, Lewis Ross and Eng’enia Malcolm, are the heirs at law of Anne D. Moore, deceased, and Eugene Ross is her- administrator. They instituted this action in the Boyle circuit court against appellees, the personal representative, heirs and devisee of Mary M. Fox, deceased. For cause of action they alleged that when Anne D. Moore did not have sufficient mind to protect herself in the matter, Mary M. Fox, with whom she was living and between whom there existed confidential relations, fraudulently overreached her and procured from her and converted to her own use Liberty bonds of the par value of $17,000.00, which she held until her death. It was. alleged that by her will Mary M. Fox dis
posed of the proceeds of the bonds to certain named devisees, the amount devised to each being set forth in the petition.- It was alleged that after her .death-and the qualification of her executor the proceeds of the $17,000.00 of bonds had been distributed to all of the devisees except that to. one to whom $4,000.00 had been devised only $3,000.00 had been paid. It was alleged that the personal representative of Mary M. Pox then had in his hands only 38 shares of common stock of the Southern Pacific Company of the par value of $3,800.00, and that the remainder of her estate had been distributed. By the action appellants sought to recover the $17,000.00 alleged to have been wrongfully 'Converted by Mary M. Pox, whatever sum then remained in his hands to be recovered from her administrator
de bonis non
with the will annexed and the remainder to be recovered from her devisees, the recovery from each to be in proportion to the-amount of her estate received by them. The petition was filed June 11,1924. To the petition appellees filed a written plea in abatement upon the ground that on December 27, 1923, the appellee, Hugh B. Fleece, as administrator
de bonis non
with the will annexed of Mary M. Pox, deceased, had filed a petition in equity against his co-defendants and the plaintiffs praying the judgment of the court upon the same facts, circumstances and cause of action set forth in appellant’s petition. Appellants filed a written response to the plea in abatement by which its allegations were traversed. It also pleaded affirmatively to the plea in abatement. Appellees interposed a general demurrer to the response to the plea in abatement which the trial court sustained, and upon appellants’ declining to plead further to the plea in abatement the chancellor sustained the same and dismissed the petition herein. Appellants thereupon moved the court to consolidate this action with the former and that their petition be taken as their answer and cross-petition therein, to which appellees objected. The court sustained the objection and finally dismissed the petition herein. Appellants prosecute this appeal and complain of the action of the chancellor both in sustaining the plea in abatement and in overruling their motion to consolidate.
At the threshold we encounter this difficulty: Appellees ’ plea in abatement did not refer to or make a part •of itself the petition and record of the former action, the pendency of which was pleaded in abatement of this, nor were copies of the former petition and record filed with
"the plea. The response to the plea traversed all of its .allegations. In that state of ease, clearly the harden was apon those relying apon the plea in abatement to establish by evidence the groand for the plea. In the absence •of any evidence to sastain the plea, this coart is at a loss tó anderstand how the chancellor snstained it.
We gather from statement of coansel contained in the briefs herein that the prior action pleaded in abatement of this was an action by appellee, Hugh B. Fleece, .as administrator
de bonis non
with the will annexed of Mary M. Fox against her heirs, devisees and creditors for a settlement of her estate. Attorneys both for appel lants and appellees seem to be agreed — although the ree•ord herein does not show the fact — that in the former action Eugene Ross, as administrator of Anne D. Moore, was made a party defendant and was called on therein to file and present whatever claim he had against the •estate of Mary M. Fox. It is insisted for appellees, and the chancellor was of the opinion, that in that state of case the pendency of the former action was grounds for .abatement of the latter.
Appellees rely upon Foster v. Foster, 24 Ky. Law Rep. 1398, 71 S. W. 524; Mattingly v. Elder, 19 Ky. Law Rep. 1645, 44 S. W. 215; Hood’s Admr. v. Hood, 80 Ky. 39; Story v. Story’s Admr., 18 Ky. Law Rep. 97; Benson v. Simers, 21 Ky. Law Rep. 1060, as establishing the rnl-e in this jurisdiction that after a suit to settle the estate •of a decedent has been filed and an alleged creditor of the estate has been made a party and called on to assert his claim therein and has been served with process, he .may not by a later separate, independent action against the personal representative ■ enforce his alleged claim. .A careful reading of those opinions, however, will disclose that at most they establish the rule that one who •claims to be the creditor of the estate of a decedent and who was made a party defendant to a canse of action brought pursuant to section 428 of the Civil Code of .Practice for a settlement of the estate, and who was •called on therein to assert his claim and was served with process and who then took no action to enforce his claim but permitted a final judgment of the court to be entered, ■settling the accounts of the administrator and the estate •of the decedent, may not thereafter be heard to assert .his claim..
Tlie rule in this jurisdiction as- to when a cause of action may be abated because of'the pendency of another is thus writen in Newman on Pleading and Practice, section 392b:
“In order to abate an action by reason of the pendency of another suit, the two actions must not only be pending at the same time and prosecuted at the time the objection is made, and both be pending between'the same parties, but they must both be prosecuted for identically the same cause of action.”
L.
&
N. R. R. Company v. Ohio Valley Tie Company, 161 Ky. 212; Curd v. Lewis, 1 Dana, 176.
. Assuming, as counsel herein seem to be agreed, that the former cause of action pleaded in abatement herein was instituted by the personal representative of Mary M. Pox against her heirs, devisees and creditors, including appellants, who have the claim sought to be enforced herein, and that the appellants herein were served with process and were called on therein to assert their claim, can there be said to be such identity of causes as is required by the 'rule above as to authorize the present action to be 'abated because of the pendency of the former? The present action does not involve a settlement of the estate of Mary M. Fox at all. Its purpose was to establish that at the time of her death Mary M. Pox, because of her wrongful conversion of the Liberty bonds, was indebted to Anne D. Moore in the sum of $17,000.00, and to recover that sum from her personal representative so far as he had assets in his. hands and from her devisees to the extent of assets from her estate-received by them.
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Opinion of the Court by
Commissioner Sandidge
Reversing.
Appellants, Eng’ene Ross, Lewis Ross and Eng’enia Malcolm, are the heirs at law of Anne D. Moore, deceased, and Eugene Ross is her- administrator. They instituted this action in the Boyle circuit court against appellees, the personal representative, heirs and devisee of Mary M. Fox, deceased. For cause of action they alleged that when Anne D. Moore did not have sufficient mind to protect herself in the matter, Mary M. Fox, with whom she was living and between whom there existed confidential relations, fraudulently overreached her and procured from her and converted to her own use Liberty bonds of the par value of $17,000.00, which she held until her death. It was. alleged that by her will Mary M. Fox dis
posed of the proceeds of the bonds to certain named devisees, the amount devised to each being set forth in the petition.- It was alleged that after her .death-and the qualification of her executor the proceeds of the $17,000.00 of bonds had been distributed to all of the devisees except that to. one to whom $4,000.00 had been devised only $3,000.00 had been paid. It was alleged that the personal representative of Mary M. Pox then had in his hands only 38 shares of common stock of the Southern Pacific Company of the par value of $3,800.00, and that the remainder of her estate had been distributed. By the action appellants sought to recover the $17,000.00 alleged to have been wrongfully 'Converted by Mary M. Pox, whatever sum then remained in his hands to be recovered from her administrator
de bonis non
with the will annexed and the remainder to be recovered from her devisees, the recovery from each to be in proportion to the-amount of her estate received by them. The petition was filed June 11,1924. To the petition appellees filed a written plea in abatement upon the ground that on December 27, 1923, the appellee, Hugh B. Fleece, as administrator
de bonis non
with the will annexed of Mary M. Pox, deceased, had filed a petition in equity against his co-defendants and the plaintiffs praying the judgment of the court upon the same facts, circumstances and cause of action set forth in appellant’s petition. Appellants filed a written response to the plea in abatement by which its allegations were traversed. It also pleaded affirmatively to the plea in abatement. Appellees interposed a general demurrer to the response to the plea in abatement which the trial court sustained, and upon appellants’ declining to plead further to the plea in abatement the chancellor sustained the same and dismissed the petition herein. Appellants thereupon moved the court to consolidate this action with the former and that their petition be taken as their answer and cross-petition therein, to which appellees objected. The court sustained the objection and finally dismissed the petition herein. Appellants prosecute this appeal and complain of the action of the chancellor both in sustaining the plea in abatement and in overruling their motion to consolidate.
At the threshold we encounter this difficulty: Appellees ’ plea in abatement did not refer to or make a part •of itself the petition and record of the former action, the pendency of which was pleaded in abatement of this, nor were copies of the former petition and record filed with
"the plea. The response to the plea traversed all of its .allegations. In that state of ease, clearly the harden was apon those relying apon the plea in abatement to establish by evidence the groand for the plea. In the absence •of any evidence to sastain the plea, this coart is at a loss tó anderstand how the chancellor snstained it.
We gather from statement of coansel contained in the briefs herein that the prior action pleaded in abatement of this was an action by appellee, Hugh B. Fleece, .as administrator
de bonis non
with the will annexed of Mary M. Fox against her heirs, devisees and creditors for a settlement of her estate. Attorneys both for appel lants and appellees seem to be agreed — although the ree•ord herein does not show the fact — that in the former action Eugene Ross, as administrator of Anne D. Moore, was made a party defendant and was called on therein to file and present whatever claim he had against the •estate of Mary M. Fox. It is insisted for appellees, and the chancellor was of the opinion, that in that state of case the pendency of the former action was grounds for .abatement of the latter.
Appellees rely upon Foster v. Foster, 24 Ky. Law Rep. 1398, 71 S. W. 524; Mattingly v. Elder, 19 Ky. Law Rep. 1645, 44 S. W. 215; Hood’s Admr. v. Hood, 80 Ky. 39; Story v. Story’s Admr., 18 Ky. Law Rep. 97; Benson v. Simers, 21 Ky. Law Rep. 1060, as establishing the rnl-e in this jurisdiction that after a suit to settle the estate •of a decedent has been filed and an alleged creditor of the estate has been made a party and called on to assert his claim therein and has been served with process, he .may not by a later separate, independent action against the personal representative ■ enforce his alleged claim. .A careful reading of those opinions, however, will disclose that at most they establish the rule that one who •claims to be the creditor of the estate of a decedent and who was made a party defendant to a canse of action brought pursuant to section 428 of the Civil Code of .Practice for a settlement of the estate, and who was •called on therein to assert his claim and was served with process and who then took no action to enforce his claim but permitted a final judgment of the court to be entered, ■settling the accounts of the administrator and the estate •of the decedent, may not thereafter be heard to assert .his claim..
Tlie rule in this jurisdiction as- to when a cause of action may be abated because of'the pendency of another is thus writen in Newman on Pleading and Practice, section 392b:
“In order to abate an action by reason of the pendency of another suit, the two actions must not only be pending at the same time and prosecuted at the time the objection is made, and both be pending between'the same parties, but they must both be prosecuted for identically the same cause of action.”
L.
&
N. R. R. Company v. Ohio Valley Tie Company, 161 Ky. 212; Curd v. Lewis, 1 Dana, 176.
. Assuming, as counsel herein seem to be agreed, that the former cause of action pleaded in abatement herein was instituted by the personal representative of Mary M. Pox against her heirs, devisees and creditors, including appellants, who have the claim sought to be enforced herein, and that the appellants herein were served with process and were called on therein to assert their claim, can there be said to be such identity of causes as is required by the 'rule above as to authorize the present action to be 'abated because of the pendency of the former? The present action does not involve a settlement of the estate of Mary M. Fox at all. Its purpose was to establish that at the time of her death Mary M. Pox, because of her wrongful conversion of the Liberty bonds, was indebted to Anne D. Moore in the sum of $17,000.00, and to recover that sum from her personal representative so far as he had assets in his. hands and from her devisees to the extent of assets from her estate-received by them. An action for-the purpose is authorized by sections 2084-2089, Kentucky Statutes, 1922 edi•tion, and by section 434 of the Civil Code of Practice. A mere answer in the former action would not have been sufficient to raise the question presented herein; neither could the question have been presented in the former action by appellants
’
merely filing therein a claim again'st the estate of Mary M. Pox with the commissioner to-whom it may have been referred for settlement. Liability against her devisees could not have been fixed and a judgment against them could not have been taken in the-original action by appellanFs filing their claim against the estate of Mary M. Pox for the wrongful conversion, of the Liberty bonds. If that claim had been filed and
allowed therein, it at most would have been a claim that they could enforce therein only against Mary M. Fox’s personal representative. Counsel seem to agree that when the action to settle the estate of Mary M. Fox was instituted all of her estate except 38 shares of stock in the Southern Pacific had been distributed. There was not then in the hands of her personal representative enough of assets to settle appellants’ claim if they should file it and succeed in having it allowed in that action. To obtain the relief they sought against Mrs. Fox’s devisees, they had to institute an action against them either by cross-petition in the original or by independent action.,
In 1 Corpus Juris, page 74, section 95, it is written:
“The fact that plaintiff in the second action might have sought the same relief by filing a •cross-bill or cross-complaint in a prior action brought against him is not ground for abatement of the second action. ’ ’
The great weight of authority seems to sustain that doctrine though there is contrary authority.
Assuming the former action to have been what counsel herein seem to agree it was, there was lacking that identity of causes necessary under the rule to which this court adheres to authorize the abatement of the one be•cause of the pendency of the other. This court has concluded that the chancellor erroneously sustained the plea 'in abatement.
Due to the pendency of this cause of action, necessarily the former action for a settlement of the estate of Mary M. Fox, deceased, must be held on the docket undisposed of until this action has been terminated. Since the settlement of her estate may not be finally had until the issues of this action have been determined, we have •concluded that the chancellor improperly overruled the motion for a consolidation of the two actions.
For these reasons, the judgment appealed from is ■reversed and this cause is remanded for further proceedings consistent herewith.
The whole court sitting.