COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Elder, Felton and Senior Judge Willis
ROSHAN BURNS MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY v. Record No. 2523-04-2 JUDGE WALTER S. FELTON, JR. MARCH 8, 2005 CHARLOTTESVILLE DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF CHARLOTTESVILLE Edward L. Hogshire, Judge
(William M. Marshall; Marshall & Marshall, P.C., on brief), for appellant. Appellant submitting on brief.
(Allyson Manson-Davies, Assistant City Attorney; Kelly Hobbs, Guardian ad litem for the minor child; Dygert, Wright & Hobbs, PLC, on brief), for appellee. Appellee and Guardian ad litem submitting on brief.
On October 4, 2004, the trial court entered an order terminating the residual parental
rights of Roshan Burns to his daughter, T.B., pursuant to Code § 16.1-283(B) and (C). On
appeal, Burns contends he was unable, due to his incarceration, to remedy the conditions leading
to T.B.’s placement in foster care, and the evidence was insufficient to prove by clear and
convincing evidence that termination was in T.B.’s best interests. Burns also argues the trial
court erred in admitting hearsay evidence contained within the foster care service plans. Finding
no error, we affirm the decision of the trial court.
* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. BACKGROUND
On appeal, we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the prevailing party below
and grant to it all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom. See Logan v. Fairfax County
Dep’t of Human Dev., 13 Va. App. 123, 128, 409 S.E.2d 460, 462 (1991).
T.B. was born on January 30, 2003, to Shanique Briscoe and Burns. Shortly thereafter,
the Charlottesville Department of Social Services (CDSS) received a report alleging Burns and
Briscoe did not understand how to care for T.B. Jenny Watson, a social worker with CDSS,
visited Burns and Briscoe at their apartment on February 4, 2003. Pursuant to an emergency
safety plan devised on that date by CDSS, Burns, Briscoe, and T.B. were to live with Burns’
mother until further plans could be made to assist them. However, Burns, Briscoe, and T.B.
returned to their own apartment within a few days.
During the visit on February 4, 2003, Burns told Watson he had molested a female cousin
who was between the ages of eight and eleven. The incident had occurred in New Jersey. Burns
explained that his conduct was “okay” because the same thing had happened to him and it was
not his fault. Burns was arrested upon a charge stemming from this admission on February 14,
2003. He was extradited to New Jersey, where he remained incarcerated at the time of the
termination hearing on October 4, 2004. At the termination hearing, Burns’ attorney admitted
Burns had entered into a plea agreement regarding the charge, although no evidence was
adduced concerning the status of Burns’ sentencing.
Following the initial contact with Briscoe in February of 2003, CDSS continued to assist
Briscoe in caring for T.B., instructing Briscoe on feeding, clothing, and bathing the baby.
Briscoe possessed limited mental capabilities, however, and proved unable to retain the
information or provide consistent care for T.B. T.B. entered foster care following the entry of a
preliminary removal order on May 28, 2003.
-2- Following T.B.’s removal, CDSS advised Briscoe, who went to live with her mother in
New Jersey, that she was expected to complete a psychological evaluation. Briscoe did not
complete all the components of the evaluation, however. Briscoe was unemployed and received
disability benefits based upon her impaired cognitive skills. Briscoe visited T.B. only once, in
June of 2003. None of T.B.’s relatives was interested in having, or was found suitable to have,
custody of T.B.
From jail in New Jersey, Burns maintained occasional written contact with Melissa
Ahrens, who wrote the foster care service plans admitted into evidence at Burns’ termination
hearing. Some of Burns’ letters to Ahrens were threatening and inappropriate. Burns failed to
comply with Ahrens’ request to provide her with information regarding the status of the legal
proceedings against him.
When she entered foster care, T.B. was underweight and had received little in the way of
stimulation. With her foster family T.B. had gained weight, learned to walk, and was healthy
and thriving. T.B. appeared to be ahead of her peers in the area of language development. T.B.
had been fully integrated into the foster family, which had offered to adopt T.B. and provide a
permanent home for her.
The trial court admitted in evidence the foster care service plans written by Aherns
regarding T.B. The plans contained statements of fact Aherns had learned from various sources
in her investigation of T.B.’s situation.
-3- DISCUSSION
I.
Burns contends his incarceration prevented him from remedying the conditions leading to
T.B.’s foster care placement. He also argues his incarceration, standing alone, did not
demonstrate by clear and convincing evidence that termination was in T.B.’s best interests.1
Termination pursuant to Code § 16.1-283(C) requires proof that the parent, “without
good cause, has been unwilling or unable within a reasonable period of time not to exceed twelve
months from the date the child was placed in foster care to remedy substantially the conditions
which led to . . . the child’s foster care placement . . . .” The statute contains no excuse for a
failure to remedy such conditions where the parent has been incarcerated during the period the
child was in foster care. Indeed, incarceration for the commission of an act of child sexual abuse
hardly could be considered “good cause” for a failure to remedy the conditions leading to a foster
care placement.
In determining what is in the best interests of a child, this Court has stated:
a court must evaluate and consider many factors, including the age and physical and mental condition of the child or children; the age and physical and mental condition of the parents; the relationship existing between each parent and each child; the needs of the child or children; the role which each parent has played, and will play in the future, in the upbringing and care of the child or children; and such other factors as are necessary in determining the best interests of the child or children.
Barkey v. Commonwealth, 2 Va. App. 662, 668, 347 S.E.2d 188, 191 (1986). Moreover,
while long-term incarceration does not, per se, authorize termination of parental rights or negate the Department’s obligation to provide services, it is a valid and proper circumstance
1 Burns’ argument on these contentions contains no citation to legal authority, other than to Code § 16.1-283, and is confined to three brief paragraphs which do nothing more than restate the issues. Such argument falls short of satisfying Rule 5A:20(e), which requires an appellant’s brief to contain “[t]he principles of law, the argument, and the authorities relating to each question presented.” -4- which, when combined with other evidence concerning the parent/child relationship, can support a court’s finding by clear and convincing evidence that the best interests of the child will be served by termination.
Ferguson v. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 14 Va. App.
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COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Elder, Felton and Senior Judge Willis
ROSHAN BURNS MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY v. Record No. 2523-04-2 JUDGE WALTER S. FELTON, JR. MARCH 8, 2005 CHARLOTTESVILLE DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF CHARLOTTESVILLE Edward L. Hogshire, Judge
(William M. Marshall; Marshall & Marshall, P.C., on brief), for appellant. Appellant submitting on brief.
(Allyson Manson-Davies, Assistant City Attorney; Kelly Hobbs, Guardian ad litem for the minor child; Dygert, Wright & Hobbs, PLC, on brief), for appellee. Appellee and Guardian ad litem submitting on brief.
On October 4, 2004, the trial court entered an order terminating the residual parental
rights of Roshan Burns to his daughter, T.B., pursuant to Code § 16.1-283(B) and (C). On
appeal, Burns contends he was unable, due to his incarceration, to remedy the conditions leading
to T.B.’s placement in foster care, and the evidence was insufficient to prove by clear and
convincing evidence that termination was in T.B.’s best interests. Burns also argues the trial
court erred in admitting hearsay evidence contained within the foster care service plans. Finding
no error, we affirm the decision of the trial court.
* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. BACKGROUND
On appeal, we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the prevailing party below
and grant to it all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom. See Logan v. Fairfax County
Dep’t of Human Dev., 13 Va. App. 123, 128, 409 S.E.2d 460, 462 (1991).
T.B. was born on January 30, 2003, to Shanique Briscoe and Burns. Shortly thereafter,
the Charlottesville Department of Social Services (CDSS) received a report alleging Burns and
Briscoe did not understand how to care for T.B. Jenny Watson, a social worker with CDSS,
visited Burns and Briscoe at their apartment on February 4, 2003. Pursuant to an emergency
safety plan devised on that date by CDSS, Burns, Briscoe, and T.B. were to live with Burns’
mother until further plans could be made to assist them. However, Burns, Briscoe, and T.B.
returned to their own apartment within a few days.
During the visit on February 4, 2003, Burns told Watson he had molested a female cousin
who was between the ages of eight and eleven. The incident had occurred in New Jersey. Burns
explained that his conduct was “okay” because the same thing had happened to him and it was
not his fault. Burns was arrested upon a charge stemming from this admission on February 14,
2003. He was extradited to New Jersey, where he remained incarcerated at the time of the
termination hearing on October 4, 2004. At the termination hearing, Burns’ attorney admitted
Burns had entered into a plea agreement regarding the charge, although no evidence was
adduced concerning the status of Burns’ sentencing.
Following the initial contact with Briscoe in February of 2003, CDSS continued to assist
Briscoe in caring for T.B., instructing Briscoe on feeding, clothing, and bathing the baby.
Briscoe possessed limited mental capabilities, however, and proved unable to retain the
information or provide consistent care for T.B. T.B. entered foster care following the entry of a
preliminary removal order on May 28, 2003.
-2- Following T.B.’s removal, CDSS advised Briscoe, who went to live with her mother in
New Jersey, that she was expected to complete a psychological evaluation. Briscoe did not
complete all the components of the evaluation, however. Briscoe was unemployed and received
disability benefits based upon her impaired cognitive skills. Briscoe visited T.B. only once, in
June of 2003. None of T.B.’s relatives was interested in having, or was found suitable to have,
custody of T.B.
From jail in New Jersey, Burns maintained occasional written contact with Melissa
Ahrens, who wrote the foster care service plans admitted into evidence at Burns’ termination
hearing. Some of Burns’ letters to Ahrens were threatening and inappropriate. Burns failed to
comply with Ahrens’ request to provide her with information regarding the status of the legal
proceedings against him.
When she entered foster care, T.B. was underweight and had received little in the way of
stimulation. With her foster family T.B. had gained weight, learned to walk, and was healthy
and thriving. T.B. appeared to be ahead of her peers in the area of language development. T.B.
had been fully integrated into the foster family, which had offered to adopt T.B. and provide a
permanent home for her.
The trial court admitted in evidence the foster care service plans written by Aherns
regarding T.B. The plans contained statements of fact Aherns had learned from various sources
in her investigation of T.B.’s situation.
-3- DISCUSSION
I.
Burns contends his incarceration prevented him from remedying the conditions leading to
T.B.’s foster care placement. He also argues his incarceration, standing alone, did not
demonstrate by clear and convincing evidence that termination was in T.B.’s best interests.1
Termination pursuant to Code § 16.1-283(C) requires proof that the parent, “without
good cause, has been unwilling or unable within a reasonable period of time not to exceed twelve
months from the date the child was placed in foster care to remedy substantially the conditions
which led to . . . the child’s foster care placement . . . .” The statute contains no excuse for a
failure to remedy such conditions where the parent has been incarcerated during the period the
child was in foster care. Indeed, incarceration for the commission of an act of child sexual abuse
hardly could be considered “good cause” for a failure to remedy the conditions leading to a foster
care placement.
In determining what is in the best interests of a child, this Court has stated:
a court must evaluate and consider many factors, including the age and physical and mental condition of the child or children; the age and physical and mental condition of the parents; the relationship existing between each parent and each child; the needs of the child or children; the role which each parent has played, and will play in the future, in the upbringing and care of the child or children; and such other factors as are necessary in determining the best interests of the child or children.
Barkey v. Commonwealth, 2 Va. App. 662, 668, 347 S.E.2d 188, 191 (1986). Moreover,
while long-term incarceration does not, per se, authorize termination of parental rights or negate the Department’s obligation to provide services, it is a valid and proper circumstance
1 Burns’ argument on these contentions contains no citation to legal authority, other than to Code § 16.1-283, and is confined to three brief paragraphs which do nothing more than restate the issues. Such argument falls short of satisfying Rule 5A:20(e), which requires an appellant’s brief to contain “[t]he principles of law, the argument, and the authorities relating to each question presented.” -4- which, when combined with other evidence concerning the parent/child relationship, can support a court’s finding by clear and convincing evidence that the best interests of the child will be served by termination.
Ferguson v. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 14 Va. App. 333, 340, 417 S.E.2d 1, 5 (1992).
Considering all the facts and circumstances, CDSS proved by clear and convincing
evidence that termination of Burns’ parental rights was in T.B.’s best interests. At the time of
the termination proceeding, Burns had been incarcerated for all but the first two weeks of T.B.’s
life. During those two weeks, Burns did not demonstrate an ability to parent T.B., even refusing
to follow the emergency safety plan provided by CDSS. There was no proof Burns would be
released or able to resume care of T.B. in the near future. T.B. has remained in foster care since
she was about four months old. During that time, she has grown and thrived. She has become
integrated into her foster family, which is interested in adopting her.
We recognize that “‘[t]he termination of [residual] parental rights is a grave, drastic and
irreversible action.’” Helen W. v. Fairfax County Dep’t of Human Dev., 12 Va. App. 877, 883,
407 S.E.2d 25, 28-28 (1991) (citation omitted). However, “[i]t is clearly not in the best interests
of a child to spend a lengthy period of time waiting to find out when, or even if, a parent will be
capable of resuming his [or her] responsibilities.” Kaywood v. Halifax County Dep’t of Soc.
Servs., 10 Va. App. 535, 540, 394 S.E.2d 492, 495 (1990). Therefore, the trial court did not err
in finding the evidence sufficient to support a termination of Burns’ residual parental rights to
T.B.
II.
Burns also contends the trial court improperly admitted into evidence hearsay statements
contained within the foster care service plans. Hearsay is defined as “an out-of-court statement
offered to prove the truth of the matter asserted.” Garcia v. Commonwealth, 21 Va. App. 445,
450, 464 S.E.2d 563, 565 (1995) (en banc). In order for hearsay to be admissible, it must “come -5- within one of the many established exceptions to the general prohibition against admitting
hearsay.” Hanson v. Commonwealth, 14 Va. App. 173, 187, 416 S.E.2d 14, 22 (1992). “‘[T]he
party seeking to rely upon an exception to the hearsay rule has the burden of establishing
admissibility.’” Braxton v. Commonwealth, 26 Va. App. 176, 183-84, 493 S.E.2d 688, 691
(1997) (quoting Neal v. Commonwealth, 15 Va. App. 416, 420-21, 425 S.E.2d 521, 524 (1992)).
Assuming without deciding the foster care service plans contained hearsay evidence, the
plans nonetheless were admissible pursuant to a statutory exception to the hearsay rule. Code
§ 8.01-390(A) provides:
Copies of records of this Commonwealth . . . or of any political subdivision or agency of the same, other than those located in a clerk’s office of a court, shall be received as prima facie evidence provided that such copies are authenticated to be true copies either by the custodian thereof or by the person to whom the custodian reports, if they are different.
Aherns prepared the foster care service plans in the course of her duties as a social
worker with CDSS, an agency of the Commonwealth. At the termination hearing, Aherns
testified as a witness and authenticated the foster care service plans. The plans thus qualified for
admission into evidence at the termination hearing pursuant to Code § 8.01-390(A). In any
event, Burns thus had the opportunity to cross-examine Aherns about the contents of the plans,
and her conclusions regarding T.B., at the termination hearing.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the trial court’s decision to terminate Burns’
residual parental rights to T.B.
Affirmed.
-6-