MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED regarded as precedent or cited before any Feb 05 2019, 9:30 am
court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK Indiana Supreme Court the defense of res judicata, collateral Court of Appeals and Tax Court estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Michael D. Gross Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Lebanon, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana Erik J. Bryant Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Ronald D. Robbins, II, February 5, 2019 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 18A-CR-2082 v. Appeal from the Boone Circuit Court State of Indiana, The Honorable J. Jeffrey Edens, Appellee-Plaintiff Judge Trial Court Cause No. 06C01-1609-F1-656
Baker, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2082 | February 5, 2019 Page 1 of 6 [1] Ronald Robbins appeals the sentence imposed by the trial court after he pleaded
guilty to one count of Level 2 Felony Voluntary Manslaughter, arguing that his
sentence is inappropriate in light of the nature of the offense and his character.
Finding that the sentence is not inappropriate, we affirm.
Facts [2] On September 11, 2016, three-month-old infant L.W. was staying with twenty-
four-year-old Robbins, his father. At some point during the evening, L.W.
started crying loudly. Unsure of what to do, Robbins shook L.W. until the child
went limp. Robbins called L.W.’s mother ten minutes later, telling her that
something was wrong with L.W., but he did not know what it was. Robbins’s
grandmother arrived and took L.W. to the emergency room. Robbins
accompanied her. L.W. was eventually transferred to Peyton Manning
Children’s Hospital due to the severity of his injuries.
[3] At the hospital, Robbins spoke with Boone County Police Officer Deborah
Martin about what had happened. Robbins stated that he did not know what
had happened and that L.W. had possibly bumped his head. The next day, on
September 12, 2016, Robbins told the physician treating L.W. the same thing.
The physician said that a mere head bump could not have caused L.W.’s severe
injuries. On September 14, 2016, Robbins again gave multiple false
explanations for why L.W. was injured. Finally, Robbins confessed to Officer
Martin that he had shaken L.W. She provided this information to hospital staff.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2082 | February 5, 2019 Page 2 of 6 [4] Thereafter, while L.W. was still in the hospital, Robbins checked himself into
the St. Vincent Stress Center, where he stayed for three days. Robbins claimed
that he admitted himself to the facility because he was “completely distraught”
and felt suicidal. Tr. Vol. II p. 64. After his release, while L.W. was still in the
hospital, Robbins flew to California to visit his sister. On September 23, 2016,
twelve days after the shaking incident, L.W. died as a result of shaken baby
syndrome.
[5] On September 23, 2016, the State charged Robbins with one count of Level 3
felony aggravated battery and one count of Level 3 felony neglect of a
dependent resulting in serious bodily injury, later adding one count each of
Level 1 felony aggravated battery, Level 1 felony neglect of a dependent
resulting in death, and Level 2 felony voluntary manslaughter. On May 14,
2018, Robbins entered into an open guilty plea agreement, pursuant to which
he would plead guilty to the voluntary manslaughter count in exchange for the
dismissal of the other charges.
[6] The plea agreement contained the following statement:
The defendant hereby waives the right to appeal any sentence imposed by the Court, under any standard of review, including but not limited to, an abuse of discretion standard and the appropriateness of the sentence under Indiana Appellate Rule 7(B), so long as the Court sentences the defendant within the terms of the plea agreement[.]
Appellant’s App. Vol II p. 40.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2082 | February 5, 2019 Page 3 of 6 [7] At the sentencing hearing on August 2, 2018, the trial court considered the
following aggravating factors—(1) the young age of the victim; (2) the fact that
Robbins was in a position to care for the infant; (3) the adverse psychological
impact on the family; and (4) the fact that the infant’s death was the result of
shaken baby syndrome—and the following mitigating factors—(1) Robbins had
no prior criminal history; (2) Robbins was not deemed likely to reoffend; (3) the
crime resulted from circumstances unlikely to reoccur; (4) Robbins would
respond affirmatively to probation or short-term imprisonment; and (5) Robbins
was remorseful. The trial court refused to consider Robbins’s age to be a
mitigating factor.
[8] At the close of the sentencing hearing, the trial court advised Robbins that
“[y]ou have the right to appeal the sentence imposed by this Court. In order to
do so you must file either a Notice of Appeal or a Motion to Correct Errors
within thirty days of today’s date[.]” Tr. Vol. II p. 114. Thereafter, the trial
court sentenced Robbins to thirty years in the Department of Correction (DOC)
with ten years suspended to probation. Robbins now appeals.
Discussion and Decision [9] Robbins argues that the sentence was inappropriate in light of the nature of the
offense and his character.1
1 Robbins originally waived his right to appeal his sentence because of the written stipulation in his plea agreement. However, Robbins retained his right to appeal because the trial court mistakenly advised him that
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2082 | February 5, 2019 Page 4 of 6 [10] Indiana Appellate Rule 7(B) states that a “Court may revise a sentence . . . if,
after due consideration of the trial court’s decision, the Court finds that the
sentence is inappropriate in light of the nature of the offense and the character
of the offender.” The defendant bears the burden of persuading us that his
sentence is inappropriate. Childress v. State, 848 N.E.2d 1073, 1080 (Ind. 2006).
In determining whether a sentence is inappropriate, we will consider numerous
factors such as culpability of the defendant, the severity of the crime, the
damage done to others, and a “myriad of other factors that come to light in a
given case.” Cardwell v. State, 895 N.E.2d 1219, 1222 (Ind. 2008).
[11] The maximum sentence for a Level 2 felony voluntary manslaughter conviction
is thirty years and the minimum sentence is ten years. Ind. Code § 35-50-2-4.5.
The advisory sentence is seventeen and one-half years. Id. Here, the trial court
imposed a thirty-year sentence with ten years suspended to probation.
[12] First, as to the nature of the offense, Robbins killed L.W., a three-month-old
infant. More to the point, L.W. was Robbins’s child, and Robbins was
responsible for the care and custody of the infant. By pleading guilty to
voluntary manslaughter, Robbins admitted that he knowingly or intentionally
killed L.W. by shaking him to death. And, after rendering L.W. limp by
shaking, Robbins waited almost ten minutes before notifying L.W.’s mother
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MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED regarded as precedent or cited before any Feb 05 2019, 9:30 am
court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK Indiana Supreme Court the defense of res judicata, collateral Court of Appeals and Tax Court estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Michael D. Gross Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Lebanon, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana Erik J. Bryant Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Ronald D. Robbins, II, February 5, 2019 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 18A-CR-2082 v. Appeal from the Boone Circuit Court State of Indiana, The Honorable J. Jeffrey Edens, Appellee-Plaintiff Judge Trial Court Cause No. 06C01-1609-F1-656
Baker, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2082 | February 5, 2019 Page 1 of 6 [1] Ronald Robbins appeals the sentence imposed by the trial court after he pleaded
guilty to one count of Level 2 Felony Voluntary Manslaughter, arguing that his
sentence is inappropriate in light of the nature of the offense and his character.
Finding that the sentence is not inappropriate, we affirm.
Facts [2] On September 11, 2016, three-month-old infant L.W. was staying with twenty-
four-year-old Robbins, his father. At some point during the evening, L.W.
started crying loudly. Unsure of what to do, Robbins shook L.W. until the child
went limp. Robbins called L.W.’s mother ten minutes later, telling her that
something was wrong with L.W., but he did not know what it was. Robbins’s
grandmother arrived and took L.W. to the emergency room. Robbins
accompanied her. L.W. was eventually transferred to Peyton Manning
Children’s Hospital due to the severity of his injuries.
[3] At the hospital, Robbins spoke with Boone County Police Officer Deborah
Martin about what had happened. Robbins stated that he did not know what
had happened and that L.W. had possibly bumped his head. The next day, on
September 12, 2016, Robbins told the physician treating L.W. the same thing.
The physician said that a mere head bump could not have caused L.W.’s severe
injuries. On September 14, 2016, Robbins again gave multiple false
explanations for why L.W. was injured. Finally, Robbins confessed to Officer
Martin that he had shaken L.W. She provided this information to hospital staff.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2082 | February 5, 2019 Page 2 of 6 [4] Thereafter, while L.W. was still in the hospital, Robbins checked himself into
the St. Vincent Stress Center, where he stayed for three days. Robbins claimed
that he admitted himself to the facility because he was “completely distraught”
and felt suicidal. Tr. Vol. II p. 64. After his release, while L.W. was still in the
hospital, Robbins flew to California to visit his sister. On September 23, 2016,
twelve days after the shaking incident, L.W. died as a result of shaken baby
syndrome.
[5] On September 23, 2016, the State charged Robbins with one count of Level 3
felony aggravated battery and one count of Level 3 felony neglect of a
dependent resulting in serious bodily injury, later adding one count each of
Level 1 felony aggravated battery, Level 1 felony neglect of a dependent
resulting in death, and Level 2 felony voluntary manslaughter. On May 14,
2018, Robbins entered into an open guilty plea agreement, pursuant to which
he would plead guilty to the voluntary manslaughter count in exchange for the
dismissal of the other charges.
[6] The plea agreement contained the following statement:
The defendant hereby waives the right to appeal any sentence imposed by the Court, under any standard of review, including but not limited to, an abuse of discretion standard and the appropriateness of the sentence under Indiana Appellate Rule 7(B), so long as the Court sentences the defendant within the terms of the plea agreement[.]
Appellant’s App. Vol II p. 40.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2082 | February 5, 2019 Page 3 of 6 [7] At the sentencing hearing on August 2, 2018, the trial court considered the
following aggravating factors—(1) the young age of the victim; (2) the fact that
Robbins was in a position to care for the infant; (3) the adverse psychological
impact on the family; and (4) the fact that the infant’s death was the result of
shaken baby syndrome—and the following mitigating factors—(1) Robbins had
no prior criminal history; (2) Robbins was not deemed likely to reoffend; (3) the
crime resulted from circumstances unlikely to reoccur; (4) Robbins would
respond affirmatively to probation or short-term imprisonment; and (5) Robbins
was remorseful. The trial court refused to consider Robbins’s age to be a
mitigating factor.
[8] At the close of the sentencing hearing, the trial court advised Robbins that
“[y]ou have the right to appeal the sentence imposed by this Court. In order to
do so you must file either a Notice of Appeal or a Motion to Correct Errors
within thirty days of today’s date[.]” Tr. Vol. II p. 114. Thereafter, the trial
court sentenced Robbins to thirty years in the Department of Correction (DOC)
with ten years suspended to probation. Robbins now appeals.
Discussion and Decision [9] Robbins argues that the sentence was inappropriate in light of the nature of the
offense and his character.1
1 Robbins originally waived his right to appeal his sentence because of the written stipulation in his plea agreement. However, Robbins retained his right to appeal because the trial court mistakenly advised him that
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2082 | February 5, 2019 Page 4 of 6 [10] Indiana Appellate Rule 7(B) states that a “Court may revise a sentence . . . if,
after due consideration of the trial court’s decision, the Court finds that the
sentence is inappropriate in light of the nature of the offense and the character
of the offender.” The defendant bears the burden of persuading us that his
sentence is inappropriate. Childress v. State, 848 N.E.2d 1073, 1080 (Ind. 2006).
In determining whether a sentence is inappropriate, we will consider numerous
factors such as culpability of the defendant, the severity of the crime, the
damage done to others, and a “myriad of other factors that come to light in a
given case.” Cardwell v. State, 895 N.E.2d 1219, 1222 (Ind. 2008).
[11] The maximum sentence for a Level 2 felony voluntary manslaughter conviction
is thirty years and the minimum sentence is ten years. Ind. Code § 35-50-2-4.5.
The advisory sentence is seventeen and one-half years. Id. Here, the trial court
imposed a thirty-year sentence with ten years suspended to probation.
[12] First, as to the nature of the offense, Robbins killed L.W., a three-month-old
infant. More to the point, L.W. was Robbins’s child, and Robbins was
responsible for the care and custody of the infant. By pleading guilty to
voluntary manslaughter, Robbins admitted that he knowingly or intentionally
killed L.W. by shaking him to death. And, after rendering L.W. limp by
shaking, Robbins waited almost ten minutes before notifying L.W.’s mother
he could appeal. See Ricci v. State, 894 N.E.2d 1089, 1093-94 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008) (holding that even when defendant waives his right to an appeal in a written guilty plea, he may nevertheless appeal his sentence if the trial court advises him that he may still appeal). Consequently, we will address Robbins’s central argument.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2082 | February 5, 2019 Page 5 of 6 that something was wrong. Even then, Robbins did not call 911 or seek an
ambulance to treat L.W. Instead, he simply waited until his grandmother
arrived to take the infant to the hospital. We find that the nature of the offense
does not render Robbins’s sentence inappropriate.
[13] Second, as to Robbins’s character, despite his show of remorse (as noted by the
trial court as a mitigating factor), Robbins’s actions following L.W.’s admission
to the hospital are telling. Robbins lied repeatedly to both Officer Martin and
L.W.’s treating physician about what could have caused L.W.’s injuries. For
nearly three days, medical personnel did not have the requisite information to
properly treat L.W. because Robbins withheld that information from them.
Only later did Robbins admit what had happened, but by that time, it was too
late. Additionally, while his baby was still hospitalized in dire condition,
Robbins took an extended trip to California to visit his sister. These actions and
traits reflect negatively on Robbins’s character. We find that Robbins’s
character does not render his sentence inappropriate.
[14] In sum, we will not revise Robbins’s sentence pursuant to Indiana Appellate
Rule 7(B).
[15] The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
May, J., and Tavitas, J., concur.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-2082 | February 5, 2019 Page 6 of 6