Rodriguez,et al. v. M. J. Brothers, Inc.

• Court: District Court, E.D. California
• Decided: August 21, 2019
• Docket: 1:18-cv-00252
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10

11 VICTOR RODRIGUEZ, et al., Case No. 1:18-cv-00252-LJO-SAB

12 Plaintiffs, ORDER GRANTING MOTION FOR FINAL APPROVAL OF CLASS ACTION 13 v. SETTLEMENT, AWARD OF ENHANCEMENT PAYMENTS TO 14 M.J. BROTHERS, INC., et al., NAMED PLAINTIFFS, AND AWARD OF ATTORNEY FEES AND COSTS AND 15 Defendants. RETAINING JURISDICTION TO ENFORCE SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT 16 (ECF Nos. 32, 34) 17 18 Currently before the Court is Plaintiffs’ motion for final approval of a class action 19 settlement. (ECF No. 32.) 20 The Court heard oral argument on August 21, 2019. Counsel Enrique Martinez appeared 21 for the class, and counsel Patrick Moody appeared for Defendants. Having considered the 22 moving papers, the declarations and exhibits attached thereto, arguments presented at the August 23 21, 2019 hearing, as well as the Court’s file, the Court issues the following order. 24 I. 25 FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND 26 Victor Rodriguez, Estreberto Valdez, Miguel Esparza and Francisco Banda (“Plaintiffs”) 27 are former employees of M.J. Brothers, Inc., a California company doing business in Tulare, California. Defendant M.J. Brothers is co-owned and managed by Eduardo Martin, Daniel 1 Martin, Fernando Martin, and Ronald Martin (hereafter “the Martins”). M.J. Brothers provides 2 machinery and personnel to client dairies at their premises to harvest, transport, and weigh wheat 3 and corn that is used as animal feed. The Martins oversee the company’s operations and make 4 decisions regarding scheduling, working conditions, and hiring and terminating employees. 5 They visit and oversee operations at the numerous customer worksites and handle administration 6 of many of the company’s affairs. 7 Four groups of workers are employed by MJ Brothers: 1) shop workers who service 8 trucks and service and clean agricultural equipment at their shop (“shop workers”); 2) farm 9 equipment operators who work at harvesting (“operators”) and pruners; 3) truck drivers who 10 transport wheat and corn from the field to the dairy (“truck drivers”); and 4) weighers who weigh 11 the wheat and corn for purposes of billing clients (“weighers”). 12 Plaintiff Rodriguez was employed as a truck driver from May 2008 to May 2016. 13 Plaintiff Valdez was employed as a truck driver from 2010 to May 2016. Plaintiff Esparza was 14 employed as an operator and shop worker from 2008 to December 2016. Plaintiff Banda was 15 employed as a truck driver and shop worker for over 15 years until May 2017. 16 On February 16, 2018, Plaintiffs filed this action on behalf of themselves and all others 17 similarly situated against M.J. Brothers, Inc.; Eduardo Martin; Daniel Martin; Fernando Martin; 18 and Ronald Martin (collectively “Defendants”) alleging violation of the Fair Labor Standards 19 Act (“FLSA”), 29 U.S.C. § 201 et seq. and California labor law. Plaintiffs allege failure to pay 20 overtime in violation of the FLSA; failure to pay meal and rest periods in violation of California 21 Labor Code section 226.7; failure to provide itemized wage statements in violation of California 22 Labor Code section 226(a); failure to pay for reporting time in violation of Industrial Wage 23 Orders 4, 9, and 14; failure to pay waiting time penalties in violation of California Labor Code 24 section 201, 202, and 203; unfair business practices in violation of California Business and 25 Professions Code section 17200 et seq. and they are seeking civil penalties under the California 26 Private Attorney’s General Act (“PAGA”), Cal. Lab. Code § 2698 et seq. 27 On February 21, 2018, Plaintiffs consented to the jurisdiction of a United States 1 2018, the parties filed a stipulation regarding the production of certain discovery and staying this 2 action so they could participate in mediation. Defendants filed an amended answer on May 11, 3 2018. A scheduling order issued on October 2, 2018. 4 On December 4, 2018, the parties filed a notice of settlement of the class and collective 5 actions. On February 4, 2019, a motion for preliminary approval of the class action settlement 6 and a stipulation to file a first amended complaint was filed. The first amended complaint was 7 filed on February 5, 2019. On March 8, 2019, a findings and recommendations issued 8 recommending granting in part and denying in part the motion for preliminary approval of the 9 class action settlement. On March 13, 2019, Defendants consented to the jurisdiction of a United 10 States magistrate judge and filed a stipulation for further proceedings on the motion for 11 preliminary approval. On March 14, 2019, the stipulation was approved and the findings and 12 recommendations were vacated. On March 15, 2019, the matter was reassigned to the 13 undersigned for all purposes. 14 On April 17, 2019, Plaintiffs filed a supplement to the motion for preliminary approval of 15 the class action settlement. An order granting the motion for preliminary approval was filed on 16 April 24, 2019. On July 24, 2019, a motion for final approval of the class action settlement was 17 filed along with proof of service of the motion on the California Labor and Workforce 18 Development Agency (“LWDA”). On August 16, 2019, Defendants filed a statement of non- 19 opposition to the motion requesting that the Court grant final approval of the settlement. 20 II. 21 LEGAL STANDARD 22 The Ninth Circuit has declared that a strong judicial policy favors settlement of class 23 actions. Allen v. Bedolla, 787 F.3d 1218, 1223 (9th Cir. 2015). Nevertheless, courts have long 24 recognized that the settlement of class actions presents unique due process concerns for the absent 25 class members. In re Bluetooth Headset Products Liability Litigation (“In re Bluetooth”), 654 F.3d 26 935, 946 (9th Cir. 2011). “[T]he district court has a fiduciary duty to look after the interests of the 27 absent class members.” Allen, 787 F.3d at 1223. 1 Procedure requires court approval of all class action settlements, which may be granted only after a 2 fairness hearing and a determination that the settlement taken as a whole is fair, reasonable, and 3 adequate.” In re Bluetooth, 654 F.3d at 946. Since a settlement agreement negotiated prior to 4 formal class certification creates a greater potential for a breach of the fiduciary duty owed to the 5 class, “such agreements must withstand an even higher level of scrutiny for evidence of collusion 6 or other conflicts of interest than is ordinarily required under Rule 23(e) before securing the court’s 7 approval as fair.” Radcliffe v. Experian Info. Solutions Inc., 715 F.3d 1157, 1168 (9th Cir. 2013) 8 (quoting In re Bluetooth, 654 F.3d at 946); accord Allen, 787 F.3d at 1223. 9 Review of the proposed settlement of the parties proceeds in two phases. True v. American 10 Honda Motor Co., 749 F.Supp.2d 1052, 1062 (C.D. Cal. 2010). At the preliminary approval stage, 11 the court determines whether the proposed agreement is within the range of possible approval and 12 whether or not notice should be sent to class members. True, 749 F.Supp.2d at 1063. “If the 13 proposed settlement appears to be the product of serious, informed, non-collusive negotiations, has 14 no obvious deficiencies, does not improperly grant preferential treatment to class representatives or 15 segments of the class, and falls within the range of possible approval, then the court should direct 16 that the notice be given to the class members of a formal fairness hearing.” In re Tableware 17 Antitrust Litigation, 484 F.Supp.2d 1078, 1079 (N.D. Cal. 2007) (quoting Manual for Complex 18 Litigation, Second § 30.44 (1985)). At the final approval stage, the court takes a closer look at the 19 settlement, taking into consideration objections and other further developments in order to make 20 the final fairness determination. True, 749 F.Supp.2d at 1063. 21 III. 22 DISCUSSION 23 Plaintiffs seek final approval of the class action settlement as fair, reasonable and adequate 24 under Rule 23(e) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, and as a fair and reasonable resolution of 25 a bona fide dispute under the FLSA; certification of the Rule 23 class and of the collective action 26 class under 29 U.S.C. § 216(b); approval that the class notice and FLSA notice complied with law 27 and due process; an enhancement award of $3,500.00 for each named plaintiff; and an award of 1 A. Final Certification of Class 2 To certify a class, a plaintiff must demonstrate that all of the prerequisites of Rule 23(a), 3 and at least one of the requirements of Rule 23(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure have 4 been met. Wang v. Chinese Daily News, Inc., 737 F.3d 538, 542 (9th Cir. 2013). This requires 5 the court to “conduct a ‘rigorous analysis’ to determine whether the party seeking class 6 certification has met the prerequisites of Rule 23.” Wright v. Linkus Enterprises, Inc., 259 F.R.D. 7 468, 471 (E.D. Cal. 2009). 8 The Court has previously found that the class meets the prerequisites of numerosity, 9 commonality, typicality, and adequacy of representation. (Order Granting Preliminary Approval 10 of Class Action Settlement 7-13, ECF No. 31.) The Court also found that common questions 11 predominate and allowing this action to proceed as a class action is the superior method of 12 adjudicating the controversy of these employment related claims. (Id. at 13-14.) The court found 13 that the putative class members were similarly situated such that the FLSA class should be 14 conditionally certified. (Id. at 14-16.) 15 None of the 180 class member have objected to the settlement of this action and only two 16 class members have opted out of the settlement. (Martinez Decl. ¶¶ 3, 17.) Counsel does not 17 know of, and the Court is unaware of, any changes that would affect the class and FLSA 18 certification findings. (Decl. of Enrique Martinez in Support of Motion for Final Approval 19 (“Martinez Decl.” ¶ 21, ECF No. 32-2.) For the reasons set forth in the April 24, 2019 order on 20 Plaintiffs’ motion for preliminary approval of the class action settlement, the Court finds that the 21 settlement classes continue to meet the requirements of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23(a) and 22 (b) and the similarly situated requirement of the FLSA. (ECF No. 31 at 8-16.) 23 Rule 23(c) provides that a class certified under Rule 23(b)(3) must be provided with the 24 best notice that is practicable in the circumstances. Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(c)(2)(B). In this instance, 25 the approved notice was mailed to all class members after updating all addresses by conducting a 26 National Change of Address search. (Decl. of Emilio Cofinco Re. Class Notification and Claims 27 Administration (“Cofinco Decl.”) ¶¶ 6, 7, ECF No. 32-3.) The search revealed updated addresses 1 opt-out and dispute forms, the FLSA notice and the FLSA consent to join/opt-in form. (Id. ¶¶ 4, 7; 2 Notice Packet ECF NO. 32-3 at 6-36.) No packets have been returned as undeliverable, although 3 twelve notice packets were re-mailed at the request of counsel or a settlement class member 4 (Cofinco Decl. at ¶ 9.) The Court finds that the notice was sufficient to comply with Rule 23(c). 5 Having found the Rule 23 and FLSA requirements have been met, the Court will grant final 6 class certification. The following class is certified for settlement in this matter:

7 All persons who are or were employed in California by Defendants as non-exempt (i) shop workers, (ii) farm equipment operators and pruners, (iii) truck drivers, (iv) 8 weighers, and (v) pruners at any point during the Class Period and who do not properly and timely opt out of the Settlement Class by having requested exclusion. 9 The Settlement Class does not include immediate family members of Defendants (i.e. individuals with the last name of “Martin” that were included in the positions list of 10 shop workers, farm equipment operators and pruners, truck drivers and weighers provided to Plaintiffs’ Counsel).1 11 B. Final Approval of the Class Action Settlement 12 The Court next addresses Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23(e)(2) which requires that any 13 settlement in a class action be approved by the court which must find that the settlement is fair, 14 reasonable, and adequate. At the final approval stage, the court takes a closer look at the 15 settlement, taking into consideration objections and other further developments in order to make 16 the final fairness determination. True, 749 F.Supp.2d at 1063. 17 When the settlement takes place before formal class certification, as it has in this instance, 18 settlement approval requires a “higher standard of fairness.” Lane v. Facebook, Inc., 696 F.3d 19 811, 819 (9th Cir. 2012) (quoting Hanlon v. Chrysler, 150 F.3d 1011, 1026 (9th Cir. 1998). This 20 more exacting review of class settlements reached before formal class certification is required to 21 ensure that the class representatives and their counsel do not receive a disproportionate benefit “at 22 the expense of the unnamed plaintiffs who class counsel had a duty to represent.” Lane, 696 F.3d 23 at 819. 24 “[S]ettlements of collective action claims under the FLSA also require court approval.” 25 Nen Thio v. Genji, LLC, 14 F.Supp.3d 1324, 1333 (N.D. Cal. 2014). “The FLSA establishes 26

27 1 The Settlement Agreement clarifies that Diego Martin, Santiago Martin, and Maria R. Martin are not immediate family members and are included in the class. (Amended Stipulation and Agreement to Settle Class and Collective 1 federal minimum-wage, maximum-hour, and overtime guarantees that cannot be modified by 2 contract.” Genesis Healthcare Corp. v. Symczyk, 569 U.S. 66, 69 (2013). Since an employee 3 cannot waive claims under the FLSA, an FLSA claim “may not be settled without supervision of 4 either the Secretary of Labor or a district court.” Nen Thio, 14 F.Supp.3d at 1333. When 5 confronted with a motion to settle an FLSA claim, the court “must determine whether the 6 settlement is a fair and reasonable resolution of a bona fide dispute. If a settlement in an employee 7 FLSA suit does reflect a reasonable compromise over issues, such as FLSA coverage or 8 computation of back wages, that are actually in dispute, the district court may approve the 9 settlement in order to promote the policy of encouraging settlement of litigation.” Id. (internal 10 punctuation and citations omitted). 11 1. Terms of the Proposed Settlement Agreement 12 The settlement agreement provides five hundred twenty five thousand dollars 13 ($525,000.00) to resolve all claims of the settlement class for the alleged failure to provide meal 14 and rest breaks and pay wages, penalties, and attorney fees and costs. (Amended Stipulation and 15 Agreement to Settle Class and Collective Action p. 2, ECF No. 32-2 at 16.) The settlement class is 16 defined as

17 all persons who are or were employed in California by Defendants as non-exempt (i) shop workers, (ii) farm equipment operators and pruners, (iii) truck drivers, and (iv) 18 weighers at any point during the Class Period and who do not properly and timely opt out of the Settlement Class by having requested exclusion. There are 19 approximately 185 Settlement Class Members. The Settlement Class does not include immediate family members of Defendants (i.e. individuals with the last 20 name of “Martin” that were included in the positions list of shop workers, farm equipment operators and pruners, truck drivers and weighers provided to Plaintiffs’ 21 Counsel, with the exception of Diego Martin, Santiago Martin and Maria R. Martin, who are not immediate family members). 22 (Id. at ¶ 21.) The class period is defined as “any time between February 16, 2014 and May 27, 23 2018.” (Id. at ¶ 6.) 24 The settlement agreement provides for a settlement fund of five-hundred twenty-five 25 thousand dollars ($525,000.00) to resolve all claims of the settlement class for the alleged failure 26 to provide meal and rest breaks and pay wages, penalties, and attorney fees and costs. (Id. at ¶ 34.) 27 Defendants shall pay the employer’s share of the payroll taxes separately. (Id.) Prior to any 1 settlement funds being paid to eligible class members, deductions to the common fund shall be 2 made for service awards to the named plaintiffs, an award of attorney fees and costs to class 3 counsel, all costs of settlement administration, and a PAGA payment to the LWDA. (Id. at ¶ 35.) 4 The settlement fund will be funded by six separate installments with the first payment of 5 $87,500.00 to be made within 180 days from the date of final approval of the settlement. (Id. at ¶ 6 36.) The following payments shall be made six months after the previous payment. (Id.) In the 7 event that a payment is not made the entire amount shall be immediately due and payable. (Id.) 8 Notice of default shall be given by mail and fax and no other action shall occur until after 10 days 9 have lapsed during which time Defendants have the right to cure any default. (Id.) 10 The settlement fund shall be distributed in three installments. (Id. at ¶ 37.) The first 11 installment shall be distributed within thirty days of receipt of the first payment from Defendants. 12 (Id.) This installment shall be distributed to pay the costs of claims administration, the PAGA 13 payment to the LWDA, and the attorney’s costs in the action. (Id.) The second distribution is to 14 be made within thirty days after the claims administrator receives the third payment from 15 Defendants. (Id.) This payment shall be used to begin paying settlement awards to the class. (Id.) 16 The third distribution shall be made within thirty days after the sixth installment payment is 17 received. (Id.) This distribution shall pay the remaining settlement awards to the class in 18 proportionate shares, the named class member incentive payments, and class counsel’s attorney 19 fees. (Id.) Any undistributed funds from checks that are not cashed will escheat to the California 20 Division of Labor Standards Enforcement of Unpaid Wages Fund to be held in the name of and for 21 the benefit of the class member. (Id.) 22 The claims administrator shall pay from the common fund attorney fees in the amount of 23 one-hundred thirty-one thousand two-hundred fifty dollars ($131,250.00); costs of twelve thousand 24 five hundred dollars ($12,500.00), and five thousand dollars ($5,000.00) to each of the named 25 Plaintiffs. (Id. at ¶¶ 38.1, 38.2.) The net settlement fund is to be allocated in the following 26 manner: twenty percent (20 %) to unpaid wage claims; eighty percent (80 %) to statutory penalties 27 and interest; and ten thousand dollars ($10,000.00) to PAGA penalties. (Id. at ¶ 39.1.) The 1 The net settlement fund shall be distributed to the members of the settlement class and 2 FLSA class. (Id. at ¶ 39.3.) The funds shall be distributed based upon the number of payroll 3 periods that the class member worked. (Id.) Each class member shall be paid the amount after 4 applicable state and federal taxes are withheld. (Id. at ¶ 40.) The settlement administrator shall 5 issue a W-2 for the payment of unpaid wages and a Form 1099 for the portion that is allocated to 6 statutory penalties and interest. (Id. at ¶ 40.) 7 Defendants agree not to oppose the application for attorney fees or costs by class counsel. 8 (Id. at ¶ 43.) 9 The class members agree to release

10 any and all claims, debts liabilities, demands, obligations, penalties, guarantees, costs, expenses, attorney fees, damages, action or causes of action, whether known 11 or unknown, during the Relevant Time Period, as defined below, and that were alleged in the Complaint filed on February 16, 2018, on behalf of the Named 12 Plaintiffs and the Settlement Class Members, based on the facts stated in the Complaint, including, but not limited to allegations, that: 13 (1) Defendants failed to compensate all straight time worked by Settlement Class 14 Members; (2) Defendants failed to pay overtime compensation under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA); (3) Defendants failed to provide meal periods, or 15 compensation in lieu thereof, in violation of California Labor Code sections 226.7 and 512 and the applicable Industrial Welfare Commission Wage Order; (4) 16 Defendants failed to authorize and permit rest periods, or compensation in lieu thereof, in violation of California Labor Code section 226.7 and the applicable 17 Industrial Welfare Commission Wage Order; (5) Defendants failed to compensate for reporting time, in violation of the applicable Industrial Welfare Commission 18 Wage Order; (6) Defendants failed to provide itemized employee wage statements, in violation of California Labor Code sections 226, 1174, and 1175 and the 19 applicable Industrial Welfare Commission Wage Order; (7) Defendants failed to timely pay wages due at termination, in violation of California Labor Code sections 20 201-203 and 205; (8) Defendants engaged in unlawful business practices in violation of California Business and Professions Code section 17200, et seq; (9) 21 Settlement Class Members are entitled to PAGA penalties pursuant to California Labor Code Sections 2698, et seq.; (10) Settlement Class Members are entitled to 22 declaratory relief to determine whether the practices alleged in the Complaint are unlawful; (11) Settlement Class Members are entitled to injunctive relief to halt any 23 practices alleged in the Complaint that are unlawful; (12) Settlement Class Members are entitled to restitutionary damages under California Business & 24 Professions Code sections 17200, et seq.; (13) Defendants are liable for attorneys’ fees and/or costs incurred to prosecute this action on behalf of Settlement Class 25 Members, including fees incurred for the services of Class Counsel; and (14) Defendants are liable for any other remedies, penalties, and interest under 26 California Labor Code sections 201, 202, 203, 205, 226, 226.7, 510, 512, 1174, 1194, 1194.2, 1197, 1197.1, 2699, and the applicable Industrial Welfare 27 Commission Wage Order. If a person opt-outs of the Class after receiving the Class Notice, his or her California claims will not be released and will not barred by res 1 join/opt-in to the FLSA action, that person’s FLSA claim will not be released, regardless of whether he or she is part of the Class Settlement. 2 (Id. at ¶¶ 17, 31.) The named Plaintiffs agree to release any and all claims they may have against 3 the defendants based on any events occurring up to the effective date of the settlement agreement, 4 whether known or unknown, except for claims that may not be released as a matter of law. (Id. at 5 ¶ 32.) 6 Workers who consent to join or opt into the FLSA class action will be releasing their FLSA 7 claims. (Id. at ¶ 39.4.) 8 Any objections to the settlement must be submitted in writing. (Id. at 49.3(c).) No 9 member shall be entitled to object at the final hearing unless a written objection is submitted to 10 class counsel stating the intent to appear. (Id.) 11 All members of the settlement class and those members who opt into the FLSA class action 12 shall receive a settlement award. (Id. at 49.3(f).) The settlement administrator shall determine the 13 amount of the award to each class or collective action member. (Id.) 14 2. Analysis 15 The court considers a number of factors in making the fairness determination including: 16 “the strength of the plaintiffs’ case; the risk, expense, complexity, and likely duration of further 17 litigation; the risk of maintaining class action status throughout the trial; the amount offered in 18 settlement; the extent of discovery completed and the stage of the proceedings; the experience and 19 views of counsel; the presence of a governmental participant; and the reaction of the class 20 members to the proposed settlement.” 2 Lane, 696 F.3d at 819 (quoting Hanlon, 150 F.3d at 1026). 21 All of these factors will not apply to every class action settlement and one factor alone may prove 22 sufficient grounds for court approval. Nat’l Rural Telecommunications Coop. v. DIRECTV, Inc. 23 (DIRECTV), 221 F.R.D. 523, 525-26 (C.D. Cal. 2004). “The relative degree of importance to be 24 attached to any particular factor will depend upon and be dictated by the nature of the claim(s) 25 advanced, the type(s) of relief sought, and the unique facts and circumstances presented by each 26 individual case.” Officers for Justice v. Civil Serv. Comm’n of City & Cty. of San Francisco, 688 27 1 F.2d 615, 625 (9th Cir. 1982). 2 a. Bona fide dispute 3 To approve settlement of an FLSA claim, the court “must determine whether the settlement 4 is a fair and reasonable resolution of a bona fide dispute.” Nen Thio, 14 F.Supp.3d at 1333. The 5 parties agree that there is a bona fide dispute in this action. 6 Here, the parties dispute whether Defendants are entitled to an exemption under the FLSA 7 for farmers. The Supreme Court has held that there are two branches of the definition of farming 8 included in the FLSA.

9 First, there is the primary meaning. Agriculture includes farming in all its branches. Certain specific practices such as cultivation and tillage of the soil, dairying, etc., are 10 listed as being included in this primary meaning. Second, there is the broader meaning. Agriculture is defined to include things other than farming as so illustrated. 11 It includes any practices, whether or not themselves farming practices, which are performed either by a farmer or on a farm, incidentally to or in conjunction with 12 ‘such’ farming operations. 13 Farmers Reservoir & Irrigation Co. v. McComb, 337 U.S. 755, 762–63 (1949). 14 The dispute in this instance is whether the specific groups of employees; shop workers, 15 farm equipment operators, truck drivers, and weighers; are exempt under the FLSA agricultural 16 exception. 17 As to these specific groups of employees, Defendants contend that the shop workers are 18 exempt because they repair machines used in harvesting operations. Plaintiffs counter that shop 19 workers are not exempt because they are not engaged in farming under the primary definition of 20 agriculture nor do they work on a farm and they are not employed by a farmer as they work for an 21 independent business. 22 Defendants contend that the truck drivers are exempt because they are part of the 23 harvesting process. Plaintiff counter the truck drivers are not engaged in farming under either the 24 primary or secondary definition of farming because they haul products off the field and are not 25 employed by farmers. 26 Defendants contend that the weighers are covered under both the primary and the 27 secondary meanings of agriculture. But Plaintiffs counter that harvesting never extends to 1 weighed. The Code of Federal Regulations provides that “[w]hile transportation to a concentration 2 point on the farm may be included, ‘harvesting’ never extends to transportation or other operations 3 off the farm. Off-the-farm transportation can only be ‘agriculture’ when performed by the farmer 4 as an incident to his farming operations.” 29 C.F.R. § 780.118(b). 5 The Court finds that the parties have a bona fide dispute as to whether the specific 6 employee groups qualify for the agricultural exemption for the purposes of the FLSA claims. 7 b. The strength of Plaintiffs’ case 8 “An important consideration in judging the reasonableness of a settlement is the strength of 9 the plaintiffs’ case on the merits balanced against the amount offered in the settlement.” 10 DIRECTV, 221 F.R.D. at 526 (quoting 5 Moore Federal Practice, § 23.85[2][b] (Matthew Bender 11 3d. ed.)). The court’s role is not to reach any ultimate conclusion on the facts or law which 12 underlies the merits of the dispute as the very uncertainty of the outcome and the avoidance of 13 expensive and wasteful litigation is what induces consensual settlements. Officers for Justice, 688 14 F.2d at 625. In reality, the reasonable range of settlement is arrived at by considering the 15 likelihood of a verdict for the plaintiff or defendant, “the potential recovery, and the chances of 16 obtaining it, discounted to a present value.” Bellinghausen v. Tractor Supply Co., 306 F.R.D. 245, 17 255 (N.D. Cal. 2015) (quoting Rodriguez v. W. Publ’g Corp., 563 F.3d 948, 965 (9th Cir.2009)). 18 Plaintiffs’ first amended complaint alleges claims for failure to pay overtime wages in 19 violation of the FLSA; failure to pay overtime wages; and failure to provide meal and rest periods; 20 failure to furnish accurate wage statements; unfair business practices, waiting time penalties and 21 PAGA violations under California law. (ECF No. 22.) Defendants contend that they are entitled 22 to an affirmative defense for both the FLSA and state law unpaid overtime compensation claims 23 based on the agriculture exemptions. Plaintiffs take the position that the agriculture exemptions do 24 not apply to the classes at issue in this action based on the nature of the work. 25 As to the meal and rest break claims, Defendants contend that employees were not 26 prevented from taking meal and rest breaks, but Plaintiff’s respond that they were not permitted to 27 take such breaks. The parties dispute whether Defendants failed to pay reporting time wages. All 1 The settlement in this action provides the class members with substantial relief. Given the 2 uncertainty of ultimate success at trial, the proposed settlement provides the parties with a fair 3 resolution of the issues presented which weighs in favor of settlement. 4 c. The risk, expense, complexity, and likely duration of further litigation 5 “In most situations, unless the settlement is clearly inadequate, its acceptance and approval 6 are preferable to lengthy and expensive litigation with uncertain results.” DIRECTV, 221 F.R.D. 7 at 526 (quoting 4 A Conte & H. Newberg, Newberg on Class Actions, § 11:50 at 155 (4th ed. 8 2002)). The parties contend that absent settlement this action will proceed to a contested motion 9 for class certification of the Rule 23 class as well as the conditional certification of the collective 10 action, and a motion for decertification of the FLSA class, which would result in further litigation 11 expense and delay. 12 Further, based on the positions of the parties, motions for summary judgment on the 13 farming exemption under the FLSA and state law is fairly certain. Proceeding to conduct merits 14 discovery and potential dispositive motions on the merits of the claims if a class is certified would 15 cause the parties to this action to incur additional expenses that will be avoided by the settlement. 16 Discovery and trial in this matter is also complex due to the fact that this is a class and collective 17 action. Issues with how to present the case to the trier of fact and prove damages on a class wide 18 basis can be expensive and complicated. 19 If this action were to proceed to trial, the class would be subjected to the risk of receiving 20 nominal recovery or being denied any recovery in this action. Resolving the action at this time 21 saves the parties the expense of conducting further litigation and confers substantial benefit to 22 the class without being subjected to the risks inherent with proceeding to trial of the matter. 23 The risks inherent in continuing to litigate this action, the additional expenses that would be 24 incurred were this action to proceed, and the complexity of this action weigh in favor of 25 settlement. 26 d. The amount offered in settlement 27 Defendants have offered to settle this action for $525,000.00 and will separately pay their 1 %) of the maximum potential damages for the primary claims. (Martinez Decl. ¶ 16.) If the 2 maximum statutory penalties are included this would drop the recovery rate to forty percent (40 3 %). (Id.) 4 Defendants have offered $525,000.00 in settlement. This amount will be reduced by 5 attorney fees of $131,250.00, costs of $11,694.00, enhancement payments of $14,000.00,3 LWDA 6 penalties of $7,500.00, and administration costs of $20,000.00.4 After deducting the attorney fees, 7 costs, service awards, PAGA penalties that go to the LWDA, and settlement administration costs, 8 the net settlement fund is $340,556.00. (Martinez Decl. ¶ 19.) 9 There are a total of 178 member participating in the settlement. (Cofinco Decl. ¶ 13.) 10 Eighty three employees opted into the FLSA collective action. (Martinez Decl. ¶ 3.) 11 Approximately twenty one percent of the net settlement fund will be distributed to the FLSA 12 collective action. (Id. at ¶ 18.) Depending on the hours worked, hourly rate and payroll periods 13 worked, the individual class members will receive between $12,070.00 and $40.00, with the 14 average individual settlement payment at approximately $1,913.00. (Cofinco Decl. ¶ 13; Martinez 15 Decl. ¶ 19.) 16 Although the Court recognizes that, based upon the structure of the settlement, there will be 17 some delay in the class receiving a settlement payment, Plaintiffs had a Certified Public 18 Accountant conduct an analysis of Defendants’ financial situation. (Decl. of Michael P. Murray 19 Re. Review of Defs.’ Financial Records, ECF No. 32-2 at 43-45.) Mr. Murray determined that the 20 settlement as structured is the most that Defendants can provide and that will allow Defendants to 21 survive under the set schedule. (Id.) Class counsel finds that the amount and structure of the 22 settlement maximizes the recoverable amount while preventing Defendants from filing for 23 bankruptcy. (Martinez Decl. ¶ 7.) 24 The Court finds that the amount offered in settlement of this action weighs in favor of 25 approving the settlement. 26

27 3 Each of the four named plaintiffs are to receive $3,500.00. 1 e. The stage of the proceedings 2 While a settlement that occurs in an advanced stage of the proceedings indicates that the 3 parties have carefully investigated the claims before resolving the action, Ontiveros v. Zamora, 4 303 F.R.D. 356, 370 (E.D. Cal. 2014), prior to the mandatory scheduling conference this matter 5 was stayed for the parties to participate in mediation. (ECF No. 10.) The matter did not initially 6 settle in mediation and the scheduling order issued on October 2, 2018. (ECF No. 15.) Two 7 months later a notice of settlement was filed. (ECF No. 16.) Although discovery commenced 8 shortly before the parties reached a settlement in this action, Defendant produced payroll and 9 other related records for the entire class which allowed Plaintiffs to calculate the maximum 10 potential compensation owed. (Martinez Decl. ¶¶ 10, 13, 16.) Plaintiffs’ counsel traveled to 11 Tulare County, met with many of the settlement class worker, and obtained more than twenty 12 declarations from potential class members. (Id. at ¶¶ 14, 27.) In considering the fairness of the 13 settlement, the court’s focus is on whether “the parties carefully investigated the claims before 14 reaching a resolution.” Ontiveros, 303 F.R.D. at 371 15 Although this matter was settled before merits discovery, prior to mediation, Defendants 16 produced the time and pay records for the entire class which allowed class counsel to calculate 17 damages. (Martinez Decl. ¶ 13.) Class counsel also met with the putative class members on at 18 least seven occasions to obtain information about the unpaid overtime and other violations and 19 obtained over twenty signed declarations for class certification and liability purposes. (Id. ¶ 14, 20 27.) The parties also participated in a full day mediation with Hon. Howard R. Broadman who is a 21 professional mediator specializing exclusively in mediation of employment matters. (Martinez 22 Decl. ¶ 12.) Class counsel performed extensive legal and factual analysis to reach an informed 23 understanding of the claims and potential defenses. (Martinez Decl. ¶ 14.) 24 The fact that the parties believe they engaged in sufficient discovery to weigh the merits of 25 the action and engaged the services of a professional mediator in settling the action weighs in favor 26 of approving the class action settlement. 27 f. The experience and views of counsel 1 aware of the facts of the litigation and in a better position than the court to produce a settlement 2 that fairly reflects the parties’ expected outcome in the litigation. DIRECTV, 221 F.R.D. at 528. 3 Class counsel is experienced in class action litigation and has opined that the the settlement 4 agreement in this action is fair and reasonable to the members of the class. (Martinez Decl. ¶ 15, 5 25, 37.) This weighs in favor of approving the class action settlement. 6 g. The reaction of the class members to the proposed settlement 7 “It is established that the absence of a large number of objections to a proposed class 8 action settlement raises a strong presumption that the terms of a proposed class settlement action 9 are favorable to the class members.” DIRECTV, 221 F.R.D. at 529. The Rule 23 class here 10 consist of 180 members and 83 members opted into the collective action. (Martinez Decl. ¶ 3, 11 Cofinco Decl. ¶ 12.) Only two members opted out of the Rule 23 class and no class members 12 objected to the settlement. (Martinez Decl. ¶ 17; Cofinco Decl. ¶¶ 10, 12.) The absence of any 13 objections is compelling evidence that the settlement is fair, adequate and reasonable. 14 DIRECTV, 221 F.R.D. at 529. The absence of objecting class members weighs in favor of 15 settlement. 16 h. Risk of collusion 17 Where a class action is settled prior to class certification, the Court must also consider 18 whether there is evidence of collusion or other conflicts of interest before approving the 19 settlement. In re Bluetooth, 654 F.3d at 946. The Ninth Circuit has provided examples of signs 20 that a settlement is the product of collusion between the parties, such as “(1) when counsel 21 receive a disproportionate distribution of the settlement, or when the class receives no monetary 22 distribution but class counsel are amply rewarded; (2) when the parties negotiate a ‘clear sailing’ 23 arrangement providing for the payment of attorneys’ fees separate and apart from class funds . . 24 .; and (3) when the parties arrange for fees not awarded to revert to defendants rather than be 25 added to the class fund.” Id. at 947. 26 Here, none of the signs of collusion are present. The class in this action is receiving a 27 substantial award with more than $340,000.00 being distributed to the class while class counsel is 1 Although the settlement agreement does provide that Defendants will not oppose the 2 request for attorney fees, the fees requested come from the settlement fund and are reasonable so 3 that does not raise a concern that the settlement is the product of collusion of the parties. 4 Additionally, the unclaimed funds in this action do not revert to the defendants, but shall be 5 escheat to the State’s unclaimed property fund for the benefit of the class member.5 6 Finally, the settlement agreement here was negotiated with the assistance of a mediator 7 who was experienced in wage and hour litigation. (Martinez Decl. ¶ 12.) This supports the 8 finding that there was no collusion between the parties in reaching the agreement.

9 g. The factors weigh in favor of approving the class and collective action settlement 10 11 After considering the foregoing factors, the Court finds that the settlement is fair, adequate, 12 and reasonable pursuant to Rule 23(e) and is a fair and reasonable resolution of a bona fide dispute 13 for settlement of the FLSA action. Further, the Court finds no evidence that the settlement is the 14 result of any collusion between the parties. In re Bluetooth, 654 F.3d at 946–47. 15 C. Cy Pres Beneficiary 16 The settlement agreement provides that “any tax refunds received relating to un-cashed 17 checks, along with any funds from checks that are not cashed, will be sent to the State of 18 California Unclaimed Property Fund to be held in the name of and for the benefit of such class 19 members under California’s escheatment laws. (Amended Stipulation and Agreement to Settle 20 Class and Collective Action ¶ 37.) In the current motion, Plaintiffs state that the claims 21 administrator has indicated that sending any unclaimed funds to the State Controller would 22 increase the cost of administration fees. Plaintiffs contend that since the claims administrator 23 did not receive any returned notice packets it indicates that all or nearly all of the class member 24 will obtain their settlement share and requests that the Court approve a cy pres beneficiary. 25 (ECF No. 32-1 at 27.) 26 5 While the motion for final approval of the class action settlement proposed distributing any unclaimed funds to a cy 27 pres beneficiary, at the August 21, 2019 hearing in response to the Court’s concerns regarding whether the change would require re-noticing the class, class counsel withdrew the request to distribute the unclaimed funds in such a 1 The Court expressed concern at the August 21, 2019 hearing that, since settlement 2 payments to the class will be delayed for a year and a half to three years and due to the type of 3 work involved in this action, a large number of the class members may move during the one and 4 a half to three year period that the funds will be distributed. Given these facts, the question of 5 whether a change in the distribution of unclaimed funds would require sending notice of the 6 change to the class. See Sylvester v. CIGNA Corp., 369 F.Supp.2d 34, 43 (D. Me. 2005) 7 (finding that revision of settlement agreement which provided that unclaimed funds would 8 revert to defendants may be relevant to some class members decision to file claim forms); 9 compare In re Compact Disc Minimum Advertised Price Antitrust Litig., 292 F.Supp.2d 184, 10 185 (D. Me. 2003) (second amended notice not required to eight million potential class 11 members where they were previously advised of amendments to the settlement agreement and 12 the new changes were favorable to the class). 13 Class counsel responded that they had been informed by the claims administrator that 14 the Labor Department was no longer holding unclaimed funds for the benefit of the individual 15 and therefore any unclaimed funds would escheat to the general unclaimed funds. Due to this, it 16 will increase the cost of administration by $2,500.00. However, class counsel agreed that there 17 could be an issue with individuals moving; and therefore, given that the increased cost of 18 administration would not more than minimally decrease each individual’s payment, the 19 unclaimed funds should escheat to the State. Defendants had no objection to having the funds 20 escheat to the State. 21 Based on the discussion at the August 21, 2019 hearing, the Court finds that it is in the 22 interest of the class to have any unclaimed funds escheat to the State to be held for the 23 employee. Although there is slight increase in the costs of administration, it will ensure that any 24 employee who moves within the three year period and is unable to be located during the 25 distribution process will have the opportunity to claim the funds. Any unclaimed funds shall 26 escheat to the State of California Controller’s Office, Unclaimed Property Fund, in accordance 27 with California’s escheatment law. 1 C. Class Representative Enhancement Payments 2 The settlement agreement proposed and the class representatives sought an enhancement 3 payment of $5,000.00 in the motion for preliminary approval. In granting preliminary approval, 4 the Court found that the amount appeared to be excessive in relation to the efforts and time that 5 the class members devoted to the action. (Order Granting Preliminary Approval of Class 6 Action Settlement 21, ECF No. 31.) Plaintiffs were advised that they could submit additional 7 evidence at final certification in support of a request for additional compensation. (Id.) 8 Plaintiffs are now requesting an enhancement payment of $3,500.00. 9 In assessing the appropriateness of class representative enhancements or incentive 10 payments, the Court must consider factors such as the actions the plaintiffs took to protect the 11 interests of the class, the degree to which the class has benefitted, the amount of time and effort 12 the plaintiff expended in pursuing litigation, and any notoriety or personal difficulties 13 encountered by the representative plaintiff. Khanna v. Intercon Sec. Systems, Inc., No. 2:09-cv- 14 2214 KJM EFB, 2014 WL 1379861, at *10 (E.D. Cal. Apr. 8, 2014); Reibstein v. Rite Aid 15 Corp., 761 F. Supp. 2d 241, 257 (E.D. Penn. 2011); see also Staton v. Boeing Co., 327 F.3d 16 938, 975-77 (9th Cir. 2003). 17 For the reasons stated in the April 24, 2019 order granting preliminary approval, the 18 Court finds that $3,500.00 is reasonable compensation for the services provided by the class 19 representatives in this action given the risks that they took in representing the class and the time 20 spent adjudicating this action. (ECF No. 31 at 20-21.) The Court shall award the named class 21 representatives an enhancement award of $3,500.00 each. 22 D. Attorney Fees 23 Class counsel are seeking attorney fees in the amount of twenty-five percent of the 24 common fund or $131,250.00. In the Ninth Circuit, courts typically calculate twenty-five 25 percent of the common fund as the “benchmark” for a reasonable fee award providing adequate 26 explanation in the record for any special circumstances that justify departure. In re Bluetooth, 27 654 F.3d at 942. The usual range for common fund attorney fees are between twenty to thirty 1 There is no dispute that the plaintiffs are entitled to reasonable attorney fees in this action 2 as the prevailing party. However, “[i]n a class action, the district court ‘must exercise its inherent 3 authority to assure that the amount and mode of payment of attorneys’ fees are fair and proper.’ ” 4 Parkinson v. Hyundai Motor America, 796 F.Supp.2d 1160, 1170 (C.D. Cal. 2010) (quoting 5 Zucker v. Occidental Petrol. Corp., 192 F.3d 1323, 1328–29 (9th Cir.1999)). The court should 6 consider if the percentage is reasonable in light of the circumstances of the the case. Vizcaino, 290 7 F.3d at 1048. The amount involved and the results obtained are relevant to the reasonableness of 8 the fee award. Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 430 (1983). 9 Counsel in this action has achieved exceptional results in this action. The class is receiving 10 sixty six percent of the primary damages with a gross settlement fund of $525,000.00. Each class 11 member will be receiving recovery based upon the number of pay periods worked with an average 12 recovery of approximately $1,913.00. Further, after this action was filed, Defendants changed 13 their practices and workers are now receiving meal and rest periods. (Martinez Decl. at ¶ 15.) 14 Counsel took this action on a contingency basis and recovery was far from certain. 15 Counsel states that when he took this action it was risky because there was a question as to 16 whether the FLSA overtime exception applied to some or all of the groups of employees and there 17 was a risk that the class would not be certified as to one or more of the state law claims. (Martinez 18 Decl. at ¶ 34.) The risk of nonpayment supports the award of attorney fees. 19 The amount of attorney fees requested is at the benchmark established in the Ninth Circuit. 20 Counsel litigated this action for a year and a half prior to the settlement. The class members 21 received notice of the fee request, and no class member objected to the amount requested or the 22 request for reimbursement of costs. Therefore, the fee request appears to have the support of the 23 class. The Court next considers if the fee request itself is reasonable. 24 1. Percentage of Common Fund Award 25 Federal Rule 23(h) provides that “[i]n a certified class action, the court may award 26 attorney’s fees and nontaxable costs that are authorized by law or by the parties’ agreement.” 27 The Ninth Circuit has affirmed the use of two separate methods of calculating attorney fees, 1 settlement or award creates a large fund for distribution to the class, the district court has 2 discretion to use either a percentage or ‘lodestar method.’ ” Id. 3 The “lodestar” method is typically used where the benefit received by the class is 4 primarily injunctive in nature, and therefore, monetary benefit is not easily calculated. In re 5 Bluetooth, 654 F.3d at 941. The “lodestar” approach calculates attorney fees by multiplying the 6 number of hours reasonably expended by a reasonable hourly rate. Gonzalez v. City of 7 Maywood, 729 F.3d 1196, 1202 (9th Cir. 2013); Camacho v. Bridgeport Fin., Inc., 523 F.3d 973, 8 978 (9th Cir. 2008). 9 Since the benefit to the class is easily calculated in a common find case, courts may 10 award a percentage of the common fund rather than engaging in a “lodestar” analysis to 11 determine the reasonableness of the fee request. In re Bluetooth, 654 F.3d at 942. When 12 applying the percentage of the common fund method in calculating attorney fees, courts use the 13 “lodestar” method as a crosscheck to determine the reasonableness of the fee request. See 14 Vizcaino, 290 F.3d at 1050. “This amount may be increased or decreased by a multiplier that 15 reflects any factors not subsumed within the calculation, such as ‘the quality of representation, 16 the benefit obtained for the class, the complexity and novelty of the issues presented, and the risk 17 of nonpayment.’ ” Adoma v. Univ. of Phoenix, Inc., 913 F. Supp. 2d 964, 981 (E.D. Cal. 2012) 18 (quoting In re Bluetooth, 654 F.3d at 942). 19 The settlement in this action has resulted in a common fund of $525,000.00. Class 20 counsel is seeking $131,250.00 in attorney fees which is 25% of the gross settlement amount. 21 (Amended Stipulation and Agreement to Settle Class and Collective Action ¶ 38.1.) 22 Additionally, counsel seeks $11,694.00 in costs. (Martinez Decl. at ¶ 35.) Plaintiffs argue that 23 class counsel is experienced and skilled and invested substantial amounts of time and energy on 24 behalf of the class to achieve the settlement in this action. 25 The Court will employ the lodestar method as a cross check on the percentage method to 26 ensure a failure and reasonable result. Alberto v. GMRI, Inc., 252 F.R.D. 652, 668 (E.D. Cal. 27 2008). 1 a. Hourly Rate 2 Class counsel Enrique Martinez states that his hourly rate is $575.00 and he has been 3 awarded this rate in the Eastern District. (Martinez Decl. ¶ 26.) Contract attorney Jocelyn 4 Sperling’s hourly rate is $500.00. (Decl. of Jocelyn Sperling in Support of Motion for Final 5 Approval of Class Action Settlement (“Sperling Decl.”) ¶ 11.) Plaintiffs are seeking an hourly rate 6 of $400.00 for Mr. Martinez and Ms. Sperling for the purposes of the lodestar check in this matter. 7 (Martinez Decl. ¶ 26; Motion for Final Approval of Class Settlement at 25.) 8 Mr. Martinez was admitted to practice in 2000 and has 19 years of experience with 9 extensive experience in employment law, specializing in wage and hour actions. (Martinez Decl. 10 ¶¶ 25, 26.) He has litigated over 40 wage and hour class actions leading to favorable results for the 11 class. (Id. at ¶ 25) Mr. Martinez primarily represents low-wage and immigrant workers. (Id.) He 12 has served on the boards of non-profit organizations and was president of La Raza Centro Legal in 13 San Francisco and was chair of the California Employment Lawyer’s Association Immigrant 14 Employment Rights Committee. (Id.) He is a frequent speaker on employment matters at the 15 Mexican Consulates and at statewide and nationwide conferences for California Employment 16 Lawyers Association and the National Employment Lawyers Association. (Id.) 17 Ms. Sperling was also admitted to practice in 2000 and has 19 years of experience. 18 (Sperling Decl. ¶ 2.) She spent years working as a law clerk and staff attorney at the Ninth Circuit 19 and was a research attorney for the Alameda County Superior Court. (Id. at ¶¶ 4, 5.) In private 20 practice, Ms. Sperling has worked both as trial and appellate counsel litigating complex and class 21 action cases. (Id. ¶¶ 6, 7.) She serves on the Alameda County Bar Association’s Judicial 22 Appointments Evaluation Committee and has done extensive pro bono work for the California 23 Rural Legal Assistance Foundation and Centro Legal de la Raza and co-authors a chapter on 24 appellate procedure. (Id. ¶¶ 9, 10.) 25 In this district, the reasonable hourly rates for attorneys with less than fifteen years of 26 experience are between $250.00 to $350.00 per hour. White v. Rite of Passage Adolescent 27 Treatment Centers and Schools, No. 1:13-cv-01871-LJO-BAM, 2014 WL 641083, at *5 (E.D. Cal. 1 $350.00 to $400.00 per hour. See In re Taco Bell Wage & Hour Actions, 222 F.Supp.3d 813, 839 2 (E.D. Cal. 2016); see also Garcia v. FCA US LLC, No. 1:16-CV-0730-JLT, 2018 WL 1184949, at 3 *6 (E.D. Cal. Mar. 7, 2018) (awarding $400.00 per hour to attorney with approximately thirty 4 years of experience); Mike Murphy’s Enterprises, Inc. v. Fineline Indus., Inc., No. 1:18-CV-0488- 5 AWI-EPG, 2018 WL 1871412, at *3 (E.D. Cal. Apr. 19, 2018) (awarding attorneys with over 6 twenty years of experience $325.00 and $300.00 per hour); TBK Bank, SSB v. Singh, No. 1:17- 7 CV-00868-LJO-BAM, 2018 WL 1064357, at *8 (E.D. Cal. Feb. 23, 2018), report and 8 recommendation adopted, No. 1:17-CV-00868-LJO-BAM, 2018 WL 3055890 (E.D. Cal. Mar. 21, 9 2018) (awarding attorneys with over thirty-five years of experience $400.00 per hour, attorney 10 with twenty years of experience $350.00 per hour; and attorney with ten years of experience 11 $300.00 per hour). The Court shall adopt the rate of $400.00 per hour for the services of Mr. 12 Martinez and Ms. Sperling for the purposes of the lodestar check. 13 Although the paralegals normal rate is $125.00 per hour, Plaintiff seeks $100.00 per hour 14 for the four paralegals who worked on this case. (Martinez Decl. ¶ 32; Motion for Final Approval 15 of Class Settlement, ECF No. 32-2.) Generally, within the Fresno Division, paralegal rates range 16 between $75 to approximately $150.00 per hour depending on experience. Schmidt v. City of 17 Modesto, No. 1:17-CV-01411-DAD-MJS, 2018 WL 6593362, at *6 (E.D. Cal. Dec. 14, 2018); 18 Tarango v. City of Bakersfield, No. 1:16-cv-0099-JLT, 2017 WL 5564917, at *8 (E.D. Cal. Nov. 19 20, 2017). The Court shall adopt $100.00 per hour as a reasonable hourly rate for the paralegals 20 for the lodestar cross-check purposes. 21 b. Hours Expended 22 The declarations submitted and time records are sufficient to establish the number of hours 23 worked in this matter. Mr. Martinez spent more than 164.7 hours on this case as detailed in the 24 time entries provided in support of the motion. (Martinez Decl. ¶ 27; Time Accounting Records, 25 ECF No. 32-2 at 50-58.) This time was spent communicating with class members and team 26 members, researching, drafting pleadings, and reviewing discovery. (Martinez Decl. ¶ 27) 27 Counsel anticipates that he will spend an additional twenty hours preparing for and attending the 1 was not filed until February 16, 2018, Mr. Martinez began working on this action in April 2017. 2 (Id. at ¶ 27.) A significant amount of time was spent contacting and meeting with potential class 3 members. (Id. ¶ 27.) Mr. Martinez states that this was essential to develop trust among the class 4 members especially those who continued to work for the defendants. (Id. ¶ 28.) Therefore, Mr. 5 Martinez’ hours reasonably expended 184.7 hours in this action. 6 Ms. Sperling has spent 16 hours on this action, without considering the 2 hours she spent 7 on fees. (Sperling Decl. ¶¶ 12, 13.) Ms. Sperling reviewed the findings and recommendations and 8 revised documents and drafted the supplemental briefing and the motion for final approval and the 9 supporting papers. (Id. at 12.) Ms. Sperling reasonably expended 16 hours in this litigation. 10 Paralegal Jannet Torres expended 265.7 hours in this action. (Jannet Torres Time Sheet, 11 ECF No. 32-2 at 60-65.) Paralegal Adrian Bueno expended 26.9 hours in this action. (Adrian 12 Bueno Time Sheet, ECF No. 32-2 at 66.) Paralegal Lorena Soto Castro expended 19.90 hours in 13 this action. (Lorena Soto Castro Timesheet, ECF No. 32-2 at 68.) Paralegal Kenia Y. Carmona 14 expended 2.7 hours in this action. (Kenia Y. Carmona timesheet, ECF No. 32-2 at 69.) The 15 paralegals have spent expended 315.2 hours. The paralegals are anticipated to spend an additional 16 50 hours in communicating with the class members during the distribution process. (Martinez 17 Decl. ¶ 33.) Hours which are duplicative have been deleted from the request. Therefore, the total 18 paralegal hours for the purposes of the lodestar check are 365.2. 19 Having reviewed the time records, the Court finds that the hours requested were reasonably 20 expended on this action. 21 c. Reasonable Fees for Purpose of Lodestar Check 22 Based on the foregoing, for the purposes of the lodestar check, attorney fees in this action 23 would be $80,280.00.6 Reasonable fees for the services of the paralegals would be $36,520.00.7 24 This is a total of $116,800.00. 25 To account for the risk that class counsel assumes when they take a class action on a 26

27 6 200.7 hours at $400.00 per hour. 1 contingency basis, courts divide the total fees sought by the lodestar to arrive at a multiplier. 2 Bellinghausen, 306 F.R.D. at 265. “If the multiplier falls within an acceptable range, it further 3 supports the conclusion that the fees sought are, in fact, reasonable.” Id. “Multipliers of 1 to 4 are 4 commonly found to be appropriate in complex class action cases.” Id. (citations omitted). 5 Here, based on the lodestar amount of $116,800.00, if the Court grants the request for a 25 6 percent fee award, the multiplier would be approximately 1.124. In light of the results obtained in 7 the settlement of this action, the contingent nature of the fee agreement, and the skill required to 8 properly litigate and settle this matter, the Court finds that the multiplier of 1.124 would be 9 reasonable. See In re Immune Response Sec. Litig., 497 F.Supp.2d 1166, 1176 (S.D. Cal. 2007) 10 (finding multiplier of 1.47 reasonable in class action settlement). 11 The Court finds that the attorney fees requested are reasonable and awards class counsel 12 $131,250.00 in attorney fees. 13 2. Costs 14 Plaintiffs also seek reimbursement for costs of $11,694 expended in this action. (Martinez 15 Decl. ¶ 35; Litigation Expenses, ECF No. 32-2 at 71-176.) “[A]n award of expenses should be 16 limited to typical out-of-pocket expenses that are charged to a fee paying client and should be 17 reasonable and necessary.” In re Immune Response Sec. Litig., 497 F.Supp.2d at 1177. 18 Reasonable expenses may be awarded for travel, postage, telephone, fax, notice, online legal 19 research fees, mediation fees, filing fees and photocopies. Id. 20 Upon review of the expenses submitted, the Court finds them to be reasonable. The Court 21 awards costs in the amount of $11,694.00. 22 IV. 23 CONCLUSION AND ORDER 24 Based on the foregoing, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that: 25 1. For purposes of this order, the Court adopts the terms defined in the settlement 26 agreement. 27 2. The Court finds that the Rule 23(a) prerequisites and Rule 23(b)(3) requirements 1 the FLSA class under the FLSA, 29 U.S.C. § 216(b). 2 3. The Court finds that the class notice was the best notice practicable as required by 3 Rule 23(c)(2)(B) and due process. It also finds that the FLSA notice provided accurate and 4 timely notice concerning the FLSA action, such that the employees could make informed 5 decisions about whether to participate. The class notice and FLSA notice were mailed to all 6 members of the Settlement Class, using their last known addresses. 7 4. The Court finds that the terms of the Settlement Agreement are fair, reasonable, 8 and adequate under Rule 23(e). The Court also finds that the terms are a fair and reasonable 9 resolution of a bona fide dispute under the FLSA. 10 5. The settlement agreement is finally approved and all provisions shall be 11 effectuated. The named plaintiffs, the settlement class, and FLSA class members are barred 12 from any future legal proceedings against Defendants concerning any of the released claims. 13 However, any person who timely opted out of the class will not be bound by the settlement of the 14 California claims, will not release his or her California claims, and will not be barred from future 15 legal proceedings on the California claims. Any person who did not submit a consent to join/opt 16 in to the FLSA action will not be bound by the settlement of the FLSA overtime claim, will not 17 release the FLSA claim, and will not be barred from future legal proceedings on the FLSA claim. 18 6. Upon completion of administration of the settlement agreement, the claims 19 administrator shall provide written certification of such completion to the Court and counsel for 20 the parties. 21 7. Class representatives Victor Rodriguez, Estreberto Valdez, Miguel Esparza, and 22 Francisco Banda are each awarded an incentive award of $3,500.00, to be paid from the gross 23 settlement fund. 24 8. Class counsel is awarded attorney fees in the amount of $131,250.00 and costs of 25 $11,694.00, to be paid from the gross settlement fund. 26 9. The Court finds that an allocation of $10,000.00 of the gross settlement fund to 27 the PAGA claims is reasonable. The claims administrators shall pay $7,500.00 (75 percent of 1 10. The claims administrator shall be paid $22,500.00 from the gross settlement fund 2 | for the cost of notice and claims administration.® 3 11. The Court finds that the individual settlement payments to be paid to the class 4 | members and members of the collective action as set forth in the Settlement Agreement are fair 5 | and reasonable. The Court finally approves and orders the payment of those amounts be made 6 | from the net settlement proceeds in accordance with the terms of the Settlement Agreement. 7 12. The claims administrator shall send any unclaimed funds to the State of California 8 | Controller’s Office, Unclaimed Property Fund, in accordance with California law be held in the 9 | name of and for the benefit of class members under California’s escheatment laws. 10 13. The Court hereby enters judgment in favor of Plaintiffs and against Defendants, 11 | and approves the terms of the settlement agreement. The action is dismissed with prejudice. 12 | Each side shall bear its own costs and attorney fees, except as provided by the settlement 13 | agreement and set forth herein. 14 14. The Court shall retain jurisdiction to enforce the Settlkement Agreement and 15 | Judgment. 16 15. The Clerk of the Court is directed to close this action. 17 18 IT IS SO ORDERED. OF. nf ee 19 | Dated: _August 21, 2019 _ Oe UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27); 8 The Court approves the amount based on counsel’s representation of the increased costs due to the unclaimed 28 | funds escheating to the State. 54