1 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 2 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 3 CESAR A. RODRIGUEZ, 4 Case No. 19-cv-01273-YGR (PR) Plaintiff, 5 ORDER OF PARTIAL DISMISSAL; v. AND SERVICE OF COGNIZABLE 6 CLAIMS CRAIG KOENIG, et al., 7 Defendants. 8
9 I. INTRODUCTION 10 Plaintiff, a former state prisoner who was previously incarcerated at the Correctional 11 Training Facility (“CTF”), filed a pro se civil rights complaint pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. 12 Plaintiff will be granted leave to proceed in forma pauperis (“IFP”) in a separate written Order. 13 Venue is proper because the events giving rise to the claim are alleged to have occurred in 14 CTF, which is located in this judicial district. See 28 U.S.C. § 1391(b). 15 In his complaint, Plaintiff names the following Defendants: CTF Warden Craig Koenig; 16 California Board of Parole Hearings (“BPH” or “Board”) Commissioner Pete Labahn; BPH 17 Deputy Commissioner James Martin, and “‘Doe’s’ Board members and California courts.” Dkt. 1 18 at 2-3. Plaintiff seeks monetary damages. Id. at 3-4. 19 II. DISCUSSION 20 A. Standard of Review 21 A federal court must conduct a preliminary screening in any case in which a prisoner seeks 22 redress from a governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity. 28 U.S.C. 23 § 1915A(a). In its review, the court must identify any cognizable claims and dismiss any claims 24 that are frivolous, malicious, fail to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, or seek 25 monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief. Id. § 1915A(b)(1), (2). Pro se 26 pleadings must be liberally construed. Balistreri v. Pacifica Police Dep’t, 901 F.2d 696, 699 (9th 27 Cir. 1988). 1 (1) that a right secured by the Constitution or laws of the United States was violated, and (2) the 2 alleged violation was committed by a person acting under the color of state law. West v. Atkins, 3 487 U.S. 42, 48 (1988). 4 B. Plaintiff’s Claims 5 Plaintiff claims that when he appeared before the Board on June 13, 2017, Defendants 6 “ignored their established procedures and statutes” as required by state law, thereby violating his 7 rights to due process by “depriving him of an actual length of incarceration that matches his 8 culpability, reformation, and offense . . . .” Dkt. 1 at 3. Liberally construed, Plaintiff’s allegations 9 appear to state an arguably cognizable claim under § 1983 for a violation of due process. See 10 Swarthout v. Cooke, 562 U.S. 216, 220 (2011) (prisoner subject to parole statute similar to 11 California’s receives adequate process when allowed opportunity to be heard and provided 12 statement of reasons why parole was denied). 13 The Court notes that although the complaint names Defendant Koenig, the warden at CTF, 14 as a defendant, Plaintiff makes no specific allegations against him. See Dkt. 1 at 3. Therefore, 15 Defendant Koenig is DISMISSED because Plaintiff does not allege that this Defendant actually or 16 proximately caused the deprivation of any federally protected right. See Leer v. Murphy, 844 17 F.2d 628, 634 (9th Cir. 1988). It seems that Plaintiff could be contending Defendant Koenig is 18 liable based on the conduct of his subordinates. However, there is no respondeat superior liability 19 under Section 1983. See Taylor v. List, 880 F.2d 1040, 1045 (9th Cir. 1989). Instead, Plaintiff 20 must allege that the supervisory liability defendant “participated in or directed the violations, or 21 knew of the violations and failed to act to prevent them.” Id. Here, no facts are alleged to 22 establish supervisorial liability on the part of Defendant Koenig. Accordingly, to the extent that 23 Plaintiff contends Defendant Koenig is liable based on the conduct of his subordinates, such a 24 supervisory liability claim is DISMISSED without prejudice. 25 Finally, Plaintiff identifies “‘Doe’s’ Board members and California courts,” whose names 26 he intends to learn through discovery. The use of Doe Defendants is not favored in the Ninth 27 Circuit. See Gillespie v. Civiletti, 629 F.2d 637, 642 (9th Cir. 1980). However, where the identity 1 given an opportunity through discovery to identify them. Id. Failure to afford the plaintiff such an 2 opportunity is error. See Wakefield v. Thompson, 177 F.3d 1160, 1163 (9th Cir. 1999). 3 Accordingly, the claims against these Doe Defendants are DISMISSED from this action without 4 prejudice. Should Plaintiff learn these Doe Defendants’ identities through discovery, he may 5 move to file an amended complaint to add them as named defendants. See Brass v. County of Los 6 Angeles, 328 F.3d 1192, 1195-98 (9th Cir. 2003). 7 III. CONCLUSION 8 For the foregoing reasons, the Court orders as follows: 9 1. Plaintiff has stated a cognizable claim of a violation of due process against 10 Defendants Labahn and Martin. 11 2. Plaintiff’s claim against Defendant Koenig DISMISSED without prejudice. 12 3. Plaintiff’s claims against “‘Doe’s’ Board members and California courts,” which 13 have been construed as claims against Doe Defendants, are DISMISSED without prejudice. 14 4. The Clerk of the Court shall mail a Notice of Lawsuit and Request for Waiver of 15 Service of Summons, two copies of the Waiver of Service of Summons, a copy of the complaint 16 (dkt. 1) and all attachments thereto and a copy of this Order to the following Defendants who are 17 employed by the BPH: Commissioner Pete Labahn and Deputy Commissioner James Martin. 18 The Clerk of the Court shall also mail a copy of the complaint and a copy of this Order to the State 19 Attorney General’s Office. Additionally, the Clerk shall mail a copy of this Order to Plaintiff. 20 5. Defendants are cautioned that Rule 4 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 21 requires them to cooperate in saving unnecessary costs of service of the summons and complaint. 22 Pursuant to Rule 4, if Defendants, after being notified of this action and asked by the Court, on 23 behalf of Plaintiff, to waive service of the summons, fail to do so, they will be required to bear the 24 cost of such service unless good cause be shown for their failure to sign and return the waiver 25 form. If service is waived, this action will proceed as if Defendants had been served on the date 26 that the waiver is filed, except that pursuant to Rule 12(a)(1)(B), Defendants will not be required 27 to serve and file an answer before sixty (60) days from the date on which the request for waiver 1 summons is necessary.) Defendants are asked to read the statement set forth at the foot of the 2 waiver form that more completely describes the duties of the parties with regard to waiver of 3 service of the summons.
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1 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 2 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 3 CESAR A. RODRIGUEZ, 4 Case No. 19-cv-01273-YGR (PR) Plaintiff, 5 ORDER OF PARTIAL DISMISSAL; v. AND SERVICE OF COGNIZABLE 6 CLAIMS CRAIG KOENIG, et al., 7 Defendants. 8
9 I. INTRODUCTION 10 Plaintiff, a former state prisoner who was previously incarcerated at the Correctional 11 Training Facility (“CTF”), filed a pro se civil rights complaint pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. 12 Plaintiff will be granted leave to proceed in forma pauperis (“IFP”) in a separate written Order. 13 Venue is proper because the events giving rise to the claim are alleged to have occurred in 14 CTF, which is located in this judicial district. See 28 U.S.C. § 1391(b). 15 In his complaint, Plaintiff names the following Defendants: CTF Warden Craig Koenig; 16 California Board of Parole Hearings (“BPH” or “Board”) Commissioner Pete Labahn; BPH 17 Deputy Commissioner James Martin, and “‘Doe’s’ Board members and California courts.” Dkt. 1 18 at 2-3. Plaintiff seeks monetary damages. Id. at 3-4. 19 II. DISCUSSION 20 A. Standard of Review 21 A federal court must conduct a preliminary screening in any case in which a prisoner seeks 22 redress from a governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity. 28 U.S.C. 23 § 1915A(a). In its review, the court must identify any cognizable claims and dismiss any claims 24 that are frivolous, malicious, fail to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, or seek 25 monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief. Id. § 1915A(b)(1), (2). Pro se 26 pleadings must be liberally construed. Balistreri v. Pacifica Police Dep’t, 901 F.2d 696, 699 (9th 27 Cir. 1988). 1 (1) that a right secured by the Constitution or laws of the United States was violated, and (2) the 2 alleged violation was committed by a person acting under the color of state law. West v. Atkins, 3 487 U.S. 42, 48 (1988). 4 B. Plaintiff’s Claims 5 Plaintiff claims that when he appeared before the Board on June 13, 2017, Defendants 6 “ignored their established procedures and statutes” as required by state law, thereby violating his 7 rights to due process by “depriving him of an actual length of incarceration that matches his 8 culpability, reformation, and offense . . . .” Dkt. 1 at 3. Liberally construed, Plaintiff’s allegations 9 appear to state an arguably cognizable claim under § 1983 for a violation of due process. See 10 Swarthout v. Cooke, 562 U.S. 216, 220 (2011) (prisoner subject to parole statute similar to 11 California’s receives adequate process when allowed opportunity to be heard and provided 12 statement of reasons why parole was denied). 13 The Court notes that although the complaint names Defendant Koenig, the warden at CTF, 14 as a defendant, Plaintiff makes no specific allegations against him. See Dkt. 1 at 3. Therefore, 15 Defendant Koenig is DISMISSED because Plaintiff does not allege that this Defendant actually or 16 proximately caused the deprivation of any federally protected right. See Leer v. Murphy, 844 17 F.2d 628, 634 (9th Cir. 1988). It seems that Plaintiff could be contending Defendant Koenig is 18 liable based on the conduct of his subordinates. However, there is no respondeat superior liability 19 under Section 1983. See Taylor v. List, 880 F.2d 1040, 1045 (9th Cir. 1989). Instead, Plaintiff 20 must allege that the supervisory liability defendant “participated in or directed the violations, or 21 knew of the violations and failed to act to prevent them.” Id. Here, no facts are alleged to 22 establish supervisorial liability on the part of Defendant Koenig. Accordingly, to the extent that 23 Plaintiff contends Defendant Koenig is liable based on the conduct of his subordinates, such a 24 supervisory liability claim is DISMISSED without prejudice. 25 Finally, Plaintiff identifies “‘Doe’s’ Board members and California courts,” whose names 26 he intends to learn through discovery. The use of Doe Defendants is not favored in the Ninth 27 Circuit. See Gillespie v. Civiletti, 629 F.2d 637, 642 (9th Cir. 1980). However, where the identity 1 given an opportunity through discovery to identify them. Id. Failure to afford the plaintiff such an 2 opportunity is error. See Wakefield v. Thompson, 177 F.3d 1160, 1163 (9th Cir. 1999). 3 Accordingly, the claims against these Doe Defendants are DISMISSED from this action without 4 prejudice. Should Plaintiff learn these Doe Defendants’ identities through discovery, he may 5 move to file an amended complaint to add them as named defendants. See Brass v. County of Los 6 Angeles, 328 F.3d 1192, 1195-98 (9th Cir. 2003). 7 III. CONCLUSION 8 For the foregoing reasons, the Court orders as follows: 9 1. Plaintiff has stated a cognizable claim of a violation of due process against 10 Defendants Labahn and Martin. 11 2. Plaintiff’s claim against Defendant Koenig DISMISSED without prejudice. 12 3. Plaintiff’s claims against “‘Doe’s’ Board members and California courts,” which 13 have been construed as claims against Doe Defendants, are DISMISSED without prejudice. 14 4. The Clerk of the Court shall mail a Notice of Lawsuit and Request for Waiver of 15 Service of Summons, two copies of the Waiver of Service of Summons, a copy of the complaint 16 (dkt. 1) and all attachments thereto and a copy of this Order to the following Defendants who are 17 employed by the BPH: Commissioner Pete Labahn and Deputy Commissioner James Martin. 18 The Clerk of the Court shall also mail a copy of the complaint and a copy of this Order to the State 19 Attorney General’s Office. Additionally, the Clerk shall mail a copy of this Order to Plaintiff. 20 5. Defendants are cautioned that Rule 4 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 21 requires them to cooperate in saving unnecessary costs of service of the summons and complaint. 22 Pursuant to Rule 4, if Defendants, after being notified of this action and asked by the Court, on 23 behalf of Plaintiff, to waive service of the summons, fail to do so, they will be required to bear the 24 cost of such service unless good cause be shown for their failure to sign and return the waiver 25 form. If service is waived, this action will proceed as if Defendants had been served on the date 26 that the waiver is filed, except that pursuant to Rule 12(a)(1)(B), Defendants will not be required 27 to serve and file an answer before sixty (60) days from the date on which the request for waiver 1 summons is necessary.) Defendants are asked to read the statement set forth at the foot of the 2 waiver form that more completely describes the duties of the parties with regard to waiver of 3 service of the summons. If service is waived after the date provided in the Notice but before 4 Defendants have been personally served, the Answer shall be due sixty (60) days from the date on 5 which the request for waiver was sent or twenty (20) days from the date the waiver form is filed, 6 whichever is later. 7 6. Defendants shall answer the complaint in accordance with the Federal Rules of 8 Civil Procedure. The following briefing schedule shall govern dispositive motions in this action: 9 a. No later than ninety (90) days from the date their answer is due, Defendants 10 shall file a motion for summary judgment or other dispositive motion. The motion shall be 11 supported by adequate factual documentation and shall conform in all respects to Federal Rule of 12 Civil Procedure 56. If Defendants are of the opinion that this case cannot be resolved by summary 13 judgment, they shall so inform the Court prior to the date the summary judgment motion is due. 14 All papers filed with the Court shall be promptly served on Plaintiff. 15 b. Plaintiff’s opposition to the dispositive motion shall be filed with the Court 16 and served on Defendants no later than sixty (60) days after the date on which Defendants’ motion 17 is filed. The Ninth Circuit has held that the following notice should be given to pro se plaintiffs 18 facing a summary judgment motion: 19 The defendant has made a motion for summary judgment by which 20 they seek to have your case dismissed. A motion for summary judgment under Rule 56 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure will, 21 if granted, end your case.
22 Rule 56 tells you what you must do in order to oppose a motion for summary judgment. Generally, summary judgment must 23 be granted when there is no genuine issue of material fact -- that is, if there is no real dispute about any fact that would affect the result of 24 your case, the party who asked for summary judgment is entitled to judgment as a matter of law, which will end your case. When a party 25 you are suing makes a motion for summary judgment that is properly supported by declarations (or other sworn testimony), you cannot 26 simply rely on what your complaint says. Instead, you must set out specific facts in declarations, depositions, answers to interrogatories, 27 or authenticated documents, as provided in Rule 56(e), that contradict not submit your own evidence in opposition, summary judgment, if 1 appropriate, may be entered against you. If summary judgment is granted [in favor of the defendants], your case will be dismissed and 2 there will be no trial. 3 See Rand v. Rowland, 154 F.3d 952, 962-63 (9th Cir. 1998) (en banc). 4 Plaintiff is advised to read Rule 56 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and Celotex 5 Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317 (1986) (party opposing summary judgment must come forward 6 with evidence showing triable issues of material fact on every essential element of his claim). 7 Plaintiff is cautioned that because he bears the burden of proving his allegations in this case, he 8 must be prepared to produce evidence in support of those allegations when he files his opposition 9 to Defendants’ dispositive motion. Such evidence may include sworn declarations from himself 10 and other witnesses to the incident, and copies of documents authenticated by sworn declaration. 11 Plaintiff will not be able to avoid summary judgment simply by repeating the allegations of his 12 complaint. 13 c. Defendants shall file a reply brief no later than thirty (30) days after the 14 date Plaintiff’s opposition is filed. 15 d. The motion shall be deemed submitted as of the date the reply brief is due. 16 No hearing will be held on the motion unless the Court so orders at a later date. 17 7. Discovery may be taken in this action in accordance with the Federal Rules of Civil 18 Procedure. Leave of the Court pursuant to Rule 30(a)(2) is hereby granted to Defendants to 19 depose Plaintiff and any other necessary witnesses confined in prison. 20 8. All communications by Plaintiff with the Court must be served on Defendants, or 21 Defendants’ counsel once counsel has been designated, by mailing a true copy of the document to 22 Defendants or Defendants’ counsel. 23 9. It is Plaintiff’s responsibility to prosecute this case. Plaintiff must keep the Court 24 informed of any change of address and must comply with the Court’s orders in a timely fashion. 25 Pursuant to Northern District Local Rule 3-11 a party proceeding pro se whose address changes 26 while an action is pending must promptly file a notice of change of address specifying the new 27 address. See L.R. 3-11(a). The Court may dismiss without prejudice a complaint when: (1) mail 1 (2) the Court fails to receive within sixty days of this return a written communication from the pro 2 || se party indicating a current address. See L.R. 3-11(b). 3 10. Upon a showing of good cause, requests for a reasonable extension of time will be 4 || granted provided they are filed on or before the deadline they seek to extend. 5 IT IS SO ORDERED. 6 Dated: October 11, 2019 7 YVONNE GONZALEZ ROGE 8 United States District Judge 9 10 11 12
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