Rodriguez v. Google LLC

• Court: District Court, N.D. California
• Decided: January 3, 2024
• Docket: 3:20-cv-04688
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 8 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 9 ANIBAL RODRIGUEZ, et al., 10 Case No. 20-cv-04688-RS Plaintiffs, 11 v. ORDER GRANTING IN PART AND 12 DENYING IN PART MOTION TO GOOGLE LLC, SEAL 13 Defendant. 14

15 I. INTRODUCTION 16 In this privacy action, Plaintiffs and Defendant (Google) have filed an omnibus motion to 17 seal various portions of materials related to the parties’ class certification and Daubert briefing. 18 Specifically, the parties request to seal portions of briefing related to Plaintiff’s Motion for Class 19 Certification, expert reports and related appendices, as well as Google’s Daubert Motion and 20 related appendices. For the reasons below, the parties’ omnibus motion to seal is granted in part 21 and denied in part. 22 II. LEGAL STANDARD 23 There is a strong presumption in favor of allowing public access when deciding whether 24 materials should be sealed. See Apple Inc. v. Psystar Corp., 658 F.3d 1150, 1162 (9th Cir. 2011). 25 A request to seal must be narrowly tailored. Civ. L. R. 79-5(c)(3). The Ninth Circuit articulates 26 two tests to determine whether a record may be sealed, the “compelling reason” standard or the 27 “good cause” exception. Kamakana v. City & Cty. of Honolulu, 447 F.3d 1172, 1178 (9th Cir. 1 a motion is “dispositive,” the compelling reasons standard applies. Ctr. for Auto Safety, 809 F.3d 2 at 1095. The Ninth Circuit has not yet decided if a motion to certify class is dispositive or non- 3 dispositive. Santos v. TWC Admin. LLC, No. CV 13–04799 MMM, 2014 WL 12703020 at *2 4 (C.D. Cal. May 27, 2014). Districts in the Ninth Circuit generally treat motions for class 5 certification as non-dispositive. Id. However, a motion for class certification can be dispositive 6 where “denial of class status means that the stakes are too low for the named plaintiffs to continue 7 the matter.” Id. (quoting Prado v. Bush, 221 F.3d 1266, 1274 (11th Cir. 2000). Where a litigant 8 presents compelling reasons to seal material, the court must then balance the interests of the public 9 and the party seeking sealing. Ctr. for Auto Safety v. Chrysler Grp., LLC, 809 F.3d 1092, 1096–97 10 (9th Cir. 2016). This balancing test involves such factors as the public’s interest in understanding 11 the functioning of the judicial process and the volume of material sought to be sealed. See Zakinov 12 v. Ripple Labs, Inc., No. 18-cv-6753, 2023 WL 5280193 at *1 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 15, 2023). “The 13 mere fact that the production of records may lead to a litigant’s embarrassment, incrimination, or 14 exposure to further litigation will not, without more, compel the court to seal its records.” 15 Kamakana, 447 F.3d at 1178. 16 III. DISCUSSION 17 Google requests to seal what it characterizes as commercially sensitive information, 18 internal code names, and non-public employee email addresses. Google asserts that it seeks to seal 19 excerpts of internal studies and research because they contain “competitively sensitive materials.” 20 Google invokes Algarin v. Maybelline as an example of a case where a study that contained consumer research and sales data and was sealed because it could be subject to improper use by a 21 competitor. No. 12cv3000 AJB (DHB), 2014 WL 690410 (S.D. Cal. Feb. 21, 2014). However, 22 much of the information Google seeks to seal will not actually harm its competitive standing and, 23 unlike in Algarin, simply reflects the opinions of Plaintiffs’ experts, resulting in no danger of 24 “improper use by competitors who may circumvent expending their own resources in obtaining 25 information at [Google’s] expense.” Id. at *4. 26 Google also asserts the records it seeks to seal contain business information that might 27 1 harm their “competitive standing” or “become a vehicle for improper use” such that those 2 compelling reasons outweigh the public’s interest in disclosure. See In re Elec. Arts, Inc. 298 3 F.App’x 568 (9th Cir. 2008) (internal quotations omitted). Plaintiffs oppose sealing some of 4 Google’s records on the basis that they may affect the rights of absent class members. The motion to seal is granted in part and denied in part. For some records, Google has 5 adequately shown “compelling reasons” warranting the sealing of the records it selects. However, 6 for others, preventing disclosure will impact information necessary to calculate Plaintiffs’ 7 monetary damages, and many records Google seeks to seal are high level summaries that go 8 directly to Plaintiffs’ claims. In addition, some of the records go directly to the public interest in 9 disclosure and are not outweighed by any compelling reasons. The request to seal excerpts that 10 reveals Plaintiffs’ private information is granted. Dkt. 338. As to the Google’s sealing request, the 11 tables below outline which portions of the records may be sealed. No pages, paragraphs, or records 12 may be sealed in their entirety unless stated otherwise. If the table reads “may be sealed only,” 13 then the parties must seal only the word or short phrase that corresponds with that description, not 14 the entire sentence or paragraph (unless, of course, the entire sentence or paragraph corresponds 15 with that description). 16 The following records attached to Plaintiff’s Motion for Class Certification (Dkt. 315) may 17 be sealed: 18 Exhibit No. Bates No. / Pages with Designations Parts to be sealed 19 Exhibit 1 GOOG-RDGZ00117318 All columns except “Summary” 20 Exhibit 2 GOOG-RDGZ-00209974 Internal terms may be 21 sealed only 22 GOOG-RDGZ-00209975 Employee PII may be sealed only 23 GOOG-RDGZ-00209976 Employee PII may be sealed 24 only Exhibit 5 GOOG-RDGZ-00144762 Internal strategy 25 GOOG-RDGZ-00144763 Internal processes 26 GOOG-RDGZ-00144764 Internal processes 27 1 Exhibit No. Bates No. / Pages with Designations Parts to be sealed GOOG-RDGZ-00144767 Internal processes 2 Exhibit 7 GOOG-RDGZ-00024709 Employee PII may be sealed 3 only 4 GOOG-RDGZ-00024710 Employee PII may be sealed only 5 GOOG-RDGZ-00024711 Employee PII may be sealed 6 only 7 Exhibit 10 GOOG-RDGZ-00161367 Internal processes GOOG-RDGZ-00161373 Internal processes 8 GOOG-RDGZ-00161378 Internal processes 9 GOOG-RDGZ-00161384 Internal processes 10 GOOG-RDGZ-00161385 Internal processes 11 GOOG-RDGZ-00161392 Internal processes 12 GOOG-RDGZ-00161393 Internal terms 13 GOOG-RDGZ-00161395 Internal terms may be sealed only 14 GOOG-RDGZ-00161396 Internal processes 15 GOOG-RDGZ-00161397 Internal processes 16 GOOG-RDGZ-00161398 Internal processes GOOG-RDGZ-00161399 Internal terms may be 17 sealed only 18 GOOG-RDGZ-00161401 Internal terms may be sealed only 19 GOOG-RDGZ-00161406 Internal processes 20 GOOG-RDGZ-00161408 Internal processes 21 GOOG-RDGZ-00161410 Internal terms may be 22 sealed only GOOG-RDGZ-00161411 Internal processes 23 GOOG-RDGZ-00161412 Internal terms 24 GOOG-RDGZ-00161414 Internal processes 25 GOOG-RDGZ-00161417 Internal processes 26 GOOG-RDGZ-00161418 Internal processes 27 GOOG-RDGZ-00161419 Internal processes 1 Exhibit No. Bates No. / Pages with Designations Parts to be sealed GOOG-RDGZ-00161420 Internal terms 2 Exhibit 11 212:16 – 212:21 Internal processes 3 213:8 – 213:9 Internal processes 4 214:10 – 214:14; Internal processes 5 214:18 – 214:21; 214:23 – 214:25 6 215:1 – 215:5; I n ternal processes 7 215:9 – 215:10; 215:15 – 215:24 8 216:2 – 216:4 Internal processes 9 217:3 – 217:6; Internal processes 217:8 – 217:15 10 Exhibit 15 GOOG-RDGZ-00052784 Employee PII may be sealed 11 only 12 GOOG-RDGZ-00052785 Internal terms may be sealed only 13 GOOG-RDGZ-00052787 Internal terms may be 14 sealed only 15 GOOG-RDGZ-00052788 Internal terms may be sealed only 16 GOOG-RDGZ-00052790 Internal strategy 17 GOOG-RDGZ-00052791 Internal strategy 18 GOOG-RDGZ-00052792 Internal terms may be sealed only 19 GOOG-RDGZ-00052793 Internal terms may be 20 sealed only GOOG-RDGZ-00052794 Internal strategy 21 GOOG-RDGZ-00052795 Internal strategy 22 GOOG-RDGZ-00052797 Internal strategy 23 GOOG-RDGZ-00052798 Internal strategy 24 GOOG-RDGZ-00052799 Internal processes Internal strategy 25 GOOG-RDGZ-00052801 Internal strategy 26 GOOG-RDGZ-00052805 Internal processes 27 1 Exhibit No. Bates No. / Pages with Designations Parts to be sealed GOOG-RDGZ-00052806 Internal processes 2 GOOG-RDGZ-00052807 Internal strategy 3 GOOG-RDGZ-00052809 Internal processes 4 GOOG-RDGZ-00052811 Internal strategy 5 GOOG-RDGZ-00052812 Internal strategy 6 Exhibit 42 GOOG-RDGZ-00152018 Employee PII may be sealed only 7 8 GOOG-RDGZ-00152027 Employee PII may be sealed 9 only GOOG-RDGZ-00152029 Employee PII may be sealed 10 only 11 GOOG-RDGZ-00152040 Internal strategy 12 Exhibit 54 GOOG-RDGZ-0090236 Internal terms and Employee PII may be sealed 13 only 14 GOOG-RDGZ-0090238 Internal processes 15 GOOG-RDGZ-0090239 Employee PII may be sealed only 16 GOOG-RDGZ-0090242 Internal processes 17 GOOG-RDGZ-0090243 Employee PII may be sealed only 18 GOOG-RDGZ-0090244 Internal processes 19 GOOG-RDGZ-0090245 Internal processes 20 GOOG-RDGZ-0090246 Internal processes 21 GOOG-RDGZ-0090247 Internal processes 22 GOOG-RDGZ-0090249 Internal processes GOOG-RDGZ-0090250 Internal processes 23 GOOG-RDGZ-0090251 Internal processes 24 GOOG-RDGZ-0090252 Internal processes 25 GOOG-RDGZ-0090253 Internal processes 26 Exhibit 55 GOOG-RDGZ-00043294 Internal processes; Complete document Internal strategy; 27 1 Exhibit No. Bates No. / Pages with Designations Parts to be sealed Internal terms; 2 Employee PII 3 Exhibit 56 112:21 – 112:25 Internal processes 4 113:1 – 113:2; Internal processes 113:10 – 113:11 5 114:8 – 114:11 Internal processes 6 115:17 – 115:20 Internal processes 7 116:1 – 116:8; Internal processes 116:17 – 116:20 8 Exhibit 57 GOOG-RDGZ-00044356 Employee PII may be sealed 9 only 10 Exhibit 59 GOOG-RDGZ-00173562 Employee PII may be sealed only 11 GOOG-RDGZ-00173563 Employee PII may be sealed 12 only 13 Exhibit 61 GOOG-RDGZ-00129084 Employee PII and internal figures may be sealed only 14 GOOG-RDGZ-00129085 Employee PII may be sealed 15 only GOOG-RDGZ-00129086 Employee PII may be sealed 16 only 17 GOOG-RDGZ-00129087 Employee PII may be sealed only 18 GOOG-RDGZ-00129088 Employee PII may be sealed 19 only 20 GOOG-RDGZ-00129089 Employee PII may be sealed only 21 GOOG-RDGZ-00129090 Employee PII may be sealed 22 only 23 GOOG-RDGZ-00129091 Internal terms (to the extent there are any) and 24 Employee PII may be sealed only 25 GOOG-RDGZ-00129092 Internal terms and 26 Employee PII may be sealed only 27 1 Exhibit No. Bates No. / Pages with Designations Parts to be sealed GOOG-RDGZ-00129093 Internal terms and 2 Employee PII may be sealed 3 only GOOG-RDGZ-00129094 Internal terms and 4 Employee PII may be sealed 5 only GOOG-RDGZ-00129095 Internal terms and 6 Employee PII may be sealed 7 only Exhibit 65 GOOG-RDGZ-00092072 Employee PII may be sealed 8 only 9 GOOG-RDGZ-00092097 Internal processes 10 GOOG-RDGZ-00092098 Internal processes 11 GOOG-RDGZ-00092099 Internal strategy GOOG-RDGZ-00092100 Internal strategy 12 Exhibit 68 GOOG-RDGZ-00129096 Internal terms and 13 Employee PII may be sealed only 14 GOOG-RDGZ-00129097 Employee PII may be sealed 15 only 16 GOOG-RDGZ-00129098 Employee PII may be sealed only 17 GOOG-RDGZ-00129099 Employee PII may be sealed 18 only 19 Exhibit 69 GOOG-RDGZ-0130381 Internal terms and Employee PII may be sealed 20 only 21 The table below lists exhibits to Google’s Opposition to Plaintiff’s Motion for Class 22 Certification (Dkts. 323 & 324) that may be sealed: 23 Exhibit No. / Bates No. / Pages with Designations Parts to be sealed Document Title 24 Exhibit 21 Pgs. 4 – 30 Internal terms may be 25 sealed only 26

27 1 For Exhibit 2 of the Opposition, Google impermissibly seeks to seal entire pages of documents, claiming they show highly sensitive and confidential information about proprietary consent 1 Exhibit No. / Bates No. / Pages with Designations Parts to be sealed Document Title 2 Exhibit 3 GOOG-RDGZ-00056514 Internal processes; 3 Complete document Internal terms; Internal strategy; 4 Employee PII 5 Exhibit 5 44:21-22 Internal terms may be sealed only 6 72:16; 72:21 Internal terms may be 7 sealed only Exhibit 6 Addressed in Exhibit 7 to Google’s The sealed records must 8 Motion to Exclude Opinion of Plaintiffs’ comport with the court’s 9 Damages Expert M.J. Lasinski. order in the row corresponding to Exhibit 7 10 to Google’s Motion to Exclude Opinion of 11 Plaintiffs’ Damages Expert M.J. Lasinski. 12 Exhibit 6-A Addressed in Exhibit 8 to Google’s The sealed records must 13 Motion to Exclude Opinion of Plaintiffs’ comport with the court’s Damages Expert M.J. Lasinski. order in the row 14 corresponding to Exhibit 8 15 to Google’s Motion to Exclude Opinion of 16 Plaintiffs’ Damages Expert M.J. Lasinski. 17 Exhibit 8 Pg. 4 Employee PII may be sealed 18 only 19 Exhibit 9 Addressed in Exhibit 5 to Google’s The sealed records must Motion to Exclude Opinion of Plaintiffs’ comport with the court’s 20 Damages Expert M.J. Lasinski. order in the row corresponding to Exhibit 5 21 to Google’s Motion to 22 Exclude Opinion of Plaintiffs’ Damages Expert 23 M.J. Lasinski. 24 25

26 checking processes within Google’s storage infrastructure. However, this sealing request is too 27 broad. Google may seal internal terms only. 1 Exhibit No. / Bates No. / Pages with Designations Parts to be sealed Document Title 2 Exhibit 11 Addressed in Exhibit 1 to Google’s The sealed records must 3 Motion to Exclude Opinion of Plaintiffs’ comport with the court’s Damages Expert M.J. Lasinski. order in the row 4 corresponding to Exhibit 1 to Google’s Motion to 5 Exclude Opinion of 6 Plaintiffs’ Damages Expert M.J. Lasinski. 7 Exhibit 13 Pg. 91, Footnote 280 Internal terms may be sealed only 8 Exhibit 14 Pg. 6, lines 24-28 Internal terms may be 9 sealed only 10 Pg. 7, lines 1-5, 6-16 Internal terms may be sealed only 11 Exhibit 19 Addressed in Exhibit 1 to Google’s The sealed records must 12 Motion to Exclude Opinion of Plaintiffs’ comport with the court’s Damages Expert M.J. Lasinski. order in the row 13 corresponding to Exhibit 1 to Google’s Motion to 14 Exclude Opinion of 15 Plaintiffs’ Damages Expert M.J. Lasinski. 16 Exhibit 21 Pg. 12, 4-5 Internal terms may be 17 sealed only Pg. 14, line 23 Internal terms may be 18 sealed only 19 Pg. 15, lines 13, 17-18, 24-27 Internal terms may be sealed only 20 Pg. 16, lines 1-28 Internal terms may be 21 sealed only, the entire page may not be sealed 22 Pg. 17, lines 1-28 Internal terms may be 23 sealed only 24 Pg. 18, lines 1-21 Internal terms may be sealed only 25 Pg. 19, lines 1-8 Internal terms may be 26 sealed only 27 The table below lists exhibits to Plaintiffs’ Reply in support of their Motion for Class 1 Certification (Dkt. 333) that may be sealed: 2 Exhibit No. Bates No. / Pages with Designations Parts to be sealed Exhibit 70 223:8 Internal data log detail may 3 be sealed only 4 223:10 Internal data log detail may be sealed only 5 223:13 Internal data log detail may 6 be sealed only 7 223:20 Internal data log detail may be sealed only 8 223:25 Internal data log detail may 9 be sealed only 10 224:6 Internal data log detail may be sealed only 11 225:10 Internal data log identifier 12 may be sealed only 225:13 Internal data log identifiers 13 may be sealed only 14 225:17 Internal data log identifiers may be sealed only 15 225:18 Internal data log identifiers 16 may be sealed only 17 225:19 Internal data log identifiers may be sealed only 18 225:24 Internal data log details may 19 be sealed only Exhibit 71 GOOG-RDGZ-00149617 Internal terms may be 20 sealed only 21 GOOG-RDGZ-00149618 Internal terms may be sealed only 22 GOOG-RDGZ-00149619 Internal terms may be 23 sealed only 24 GOOG-RDGZ-00149620 Internal terms may be sealed only 25 GOOG-RDGZ-00149621 Internal terms may be 26 sealed only 27 1 Exhibit No. Bates No. / Pages with Designations Parts to be sealed GOOG-RDGZ-00149622 Internal terms may be 2 sealed only 3 GOOG-RDGZ-00149623 Internal terms may be sealed only 4 GOOG-RDGZ-00149624 Internal terms may be 5 sealed only 6 GOOG-RDGZ-00149625 Internal terms may be sealed only 7 GOOG-RDGZ-00149626 Internal terms and 8 Employee PII may be sealed only 9 GOOG-RDGZ-00149628 Internal terms may be 10 sealed only 11 GOOG-RDGZ-00149630 Internal terms may be sealed only 12 The table below lists exhibits to Google’s Motion to Exclude Opinion of Plaintiffs’ 13 Damages Expert Michael J. Lasinski (Dkt. 326): that may be sealed: 14 Exhibit No. Bates No. / Pages with Designations Parts to be sealed 15 Exhibit 1 Pgs. 24 – 270 Internal terms may be 16 sealed only, to the extent there are any 17 Exhibit 3 Pg. 30, Footnote 116 Internal terms may be 18 sealed only

19 Pg. 50, Footnote 176 Internal terms may be sealed only 20 Pg. 83, Footnote 285 Internal terms may be 21 sealed only 22 Exhibit 5 Pgs. 153 – 376 Internal terms and figures (e.g. the one in 153:23) may 23 be sealed only 24 Exhibit 7 Pg. 12, Para. 41 Internal terms/figures may be sealed only 25 Pg. 13, Para. 43 Internal terms may be 26 sealed only 27 1 Exhibit No. Bates No. / Pages with Designations Parts to be sealed Pg. 14, Para. 43 Internal terms may be 2 sealed only 3 Pg. 21, Para. 60g Internal terms may be sealed only 4 Pg. 28, Para. 74, Footnote 84 Internal terms may be 5 sealed only 6 Pg. 31, Para. 80 Internal terms may be sealed only 7 Pg. 32, Para. 83 Internal terms may be 8 sealed only 9 Pg. 33, Footnote 101 Internal terms may be sealed only 10 Pg. 34, Para. 87, Para. .90 Internal terms may be 11 sealed only Pg. 35, Para. 90, Para. 92 Internal terms may be 12 sealed only 13 Pg. 38, Para. 99 Internal terms may be sealed only 14 Pg. 39, Para. 101 Internal terms may be 15 sealed only 16 Pg. 41, Para. 107, Footnotes 129 & 131 Internal terms may be sealed only 17 Pg. 42, Footnote 132 Internal terms may be 18 sealed only 19 Pg. 48, Para. 123 Internal terms may be sealed only 20 Pg. 50, Para. 128, Footnote 154 Internal terms may be 21 sealed only Pg. 52, Para. 132 Internal terms may be 22 sealed only 23 Pg. 55, Para. 140, Para. 142 Internal terms may be sealed only 24 Pg. 56, Para. 142 Internal terms may be 25 sealed only 26 Pg. 57, Para. 143, Para. 144, Paras. 145 Internal terms may be – 146, Footnote 177 sealed only 27 1 Exhibit No. Bates No. / Pages with Designations Parts to be sealed Pg. 58, Para. 146 Internal terms may be 2 sealed only and any PII may 3 be sealed Pg. 59, Para. 146, Para. 147 Internal terms may be 4 sealed only 5 Pg. 60, Para. 151 Internal terms may be sealed only 6 Pg. 62, Para. 155 Internal terms may be 7 sealed only 8 Pg. 64, Footnote 195 Internal terms may be sealed only 9 Pg. 69, Para. 167, Footnote 210 Internal terms may be 10 sealed only 11 Pg. 70, Para. 169 Internal terms may be sealed only 12 Pg. 71, Para. 169, Para. 170 Internal terms may be 13 sealed only Pg. 73, Para. 174 Internal terms may be 14 sealed only 15 Pg. 75, Para. 178 Internal terms may be sealed only 16 Pg. 81, Para. 192 Internal terms may be 17 sealed only 18 Pg. 86, Para. 201 Internal terms may be sealed only 19 Pg. 93, Para. 214 Internal terms may be 20 sealed only 21 Exhibit 8 Pg. 12 Employee PII may be sealed only 22 Pg. 38. Para. 12-13 Any PII (including images) 23 and internal terms may be sealed only 24 Pg. 39, Paras. 14 – 16 Internal terms may be 25 sealed only Pg. 40, Paras. 16 – 17 Internal terms and PII may 26 be sealed 27 1 Exhibit No. Bates No. / Pages with Designations Parts to be sealed Pg. 41, Paras. 17 – 19 Internal terms and PII may 2 be sealed 3 Pg. 42, Paras. 20 – 22 Internal terms and PII may be sealed 4 Pg. 43, Paras. 22 – 24 Internal terms and PII may 5 be sealed only 6 Pg. 44, Paras. 24 - 26 Internal terms and PII may be sealed only 7 Pg. 49, Para. 39 Internal terms may be 8 sealed only. 9 Pg. 50, Paras. 40 – 43 Internal terms and PII may be sealed only 10 Pg. 51, Paras. 44 – 45 Internal terms and PII may 11 be sealed only Exhibit 10 Pg. 5, Line 19 Internal figures may be 12 sealed only 13 Pg. 6, Line 3 Internal figures may be sealed only 14 Pg. 9, Lines 26 – 27 Internal terms may be 15 sealed only 16 Pg. 11, Lines 6 – 19, Lines 22 – 27 Internal terms may be sealed only 17 Pg. 12, Lines 9 – 10 Internal terms may be 18 sealed only 19 Pg. 15, Line 1 Internal terms may be sealed only 20 Pg. 16, Lines 3 – 28 Internal terms and figures 21 may be sealed only Pg. 17, Lines 1 - 28 Internal processes; 22 Internal terms 23 Pg. 18, lines 1 – 21 Internal processes; Internal terms 24 Pg. 19, Lines 1, 2-8, 11 – 28 Internal terms and figures 25 may be sealed only 26 Pg. 20, Lines 1 – 24 Internal processes; Internal terms 27 1 Exhibit No. Bates No. / Pages with Designations Parts to be sealed Pg. 21, Lines 1 – 28 Internal processes; 2 Internal terms 3 Pg. 22, Lines 1 – 28 Internal processes; Internal terms 4 Pg. 23, Lines 1 – 28 Internal processes; 5 Internal terms 6 Pg. 24, Lines 1 – 12 Internal processes; Internal terms 7 Declaration of Generally Public figures and 8 Michael Lasinski in calculations derived from Support of Plaintiffs’ them may not be sealed. 9 Motion for Class Only internal terms, Certification describing undisclosed and 10 non-public projects or 11 products, to the extent there are any, may be sealed. 12 Employee PII may also be sealed. Google is not 13 permitted to seal entire paragraphs, but the specific 14 words or phrases that 15 correspond with internal terms/employee PII. 16 Pg. 38, Paras. 102 All portions of image except 17 those in red rectangles PDF Pgs. 86 – 152 Only Google’s internal, 18 non-public figures, to the 19 extent that there are any, may be sealed. Public 20 figures and calculations derived from them, which 21 affect absent class members, 22 may not be sealed. 23 The table below lists exhibits to Plaintiff’s Opposition to Google’s Motion to Exclude 24 Opinion of Plaintiffs’ Damages Expert Michael J. Lasinski (Dkt. 331): that may be sealed: 25 Exhibit No. Bates No. / Pages with Designations Description Exhibit 1 Duplicative of Exhibit 1 to Google’s The sealed records must 26 Motion to Exclude Opinion of Michael comport with the court’s 27 J. Lasinski order in the row(s) 1 Exhibit No. Bates No. / Pages with Designations Description corresponding to Exhibit 1 2 to Google’s Motion to 3 Exclude Opinion of Plaintiffs’ Damages Expert 4 M.J. Lasinski. 5 Exhibit 3 Duplicative of Exhibit 3 to Google’s The sealed records must Motion to Exclude Opinion of Michael comport with the court’s 6 J. Lasinski order in the row(s) corresponding to Exhibit 3 7 to Google’s Motion to Exclude Opinion of 8 Plaintiffs’ Damages Expert 9 M.J. Lasinski. Exhibit 5 187:23-24 Internal terms 10 Exhibit 6 Duplicative of Exhibit 15 to Plaintiffs’ The sealed records must 11 Motion for Class Certification comport with the court’s order in the row(s) 12 corresponding to Exhibit 15 13 to Plaintiffs’ Motion for Class Certification 14 Exhibit 7 GOOG-RDGZ-00188469 Internal processes, 15 Complete document Internal terms 16 Exhibit 9 17 GOOG-RDGZ-00028473 Internal terms may be sealed only 18 GOOG-RDGZ-00028474 Internal processes; 19 Internal terms GOOG-RDGZ-00028475 Internal processes; 20 Internal terms 21 GOOG-RDGZ-00028476 Internal processes; Internal terms 22 GOOG-RDGZ-00028477 Internal processes; 23 Internal terms 24 GOOG-RDGZ-00028478 Internal processes; Internal terms 25 GOOG-RDGZ-00028479 Internal processes; 26 Internal terms 27 1 Exhibit No. Bates No. / Pages with Designations Description GOOG-RDGZ-00028480 Internal processes; 2 Internal terms 3 GOOG-RDGZ-00028481 Internal processes; Internal terms 4 GOOG-RDGZ-00028482 Internal processes; 5 Internal terms; Internal strategy 6 GOOG-RDGZ-00028483 Internal processes; 7 Internal terms; Internal strategy 8 GOOG-RDGZ-00028484 Internal processes; 9 Internal terms; Internal strategy 10 11 The table below lists portions of Jonathan E. Hochman’s Expert Report and Appendices 12 that may be sealed: Exhibit No. Bates No. / Pages with Designations Description 13 Report Pg. 22, Para 51 Internal figures may be 14 sealed only. 15 Pg. 23, Footnote 32 Internal terms may be sealed only 16 Pg. 24, Para. 54, 55, Footnote 36 Internal terms may be 17 sealed only 18 Pg. 26, Footnote 39 Internal terms may be sealed only 19 Pg. 29, Para. 64 Internal terms may be 20 sealed only Pg. 33, Footnote 62 Internal strategy 21 Pg. 39, Footnote 74 Internal terms may be 22 sealed only 23 Pg. 50-52, Para. 110 Internal terms may be sealed only 24 Pg. 52, Para. 112 Internal terms may be 25 sealed only 26 Pg. 53, Para. 114 Internal terms may be sealed only 27 1 Exhibit No. Bates No. / Pages with Designations Description Pg. 54, Paras. 115-117 Internal terms may be 2 sealed only 3 Pg. 55, Para. 120 Internal terms may be sealed only 4 Pg. 56, Footnote 95 Internal processes 5 Pg. 56-57, Para. 124 Internal terms may be 6 sealed only 7 Pg. 58, Para. 125 Internal terms may be sealed only 8 Pg. 58-59, Para. 127 Internal terms may be 9 sealed only Pg. 59, Para. 128 Internal terms may be 10 sealed only 11 Pg. 60-63, Para. 130 Internal code and terms may be sealed, but description by 12 Hochman may not be 13 sealed. Pg. 66-67, Para. 138 Internal figures may be 14 sealed only. 15 Pg. 67-69, Para. 141 Internal processes 16 Pg. 67, Footnote 107 Internal figures may be sealed only 17 Pg. 71, Footnote 113-114 Internal terms may be 18 sealed only 19 Pg. 72, Para. 149 Plaintiffs’ designations Pg. 73, Para. 152 Employee PII may be sealed 20 only 21 Pg. 75-79, Paras.159-165 Internal processes; Internal strategy 22 Pg. 77, Footnote 118-119 Internal terms may be 23 sealed only 24 Pg. 79, Footnote 120 Internal terms may be sealed only 25 Pg. 81, Para. 169 Internal terms may be 26 sealed only Internal processes; 27 Pg. 81-82, Para. 171 1 Exhibit No. Bates No. / Pages with Designations Description Internal strategy 2 Internal processes; 3 Pg. 82, Paras. 173-174 Internal strategy 4 Internal processes; Pg. 83-84, Paras. 175-177 Internal strategy 5 Internal processes; Pg. 83, Footnote 128 6 Internal strategy 7 Pg. 85, Para. 179 Internal terms may be sealed only 8 Plaintiffs’ designations Pg. 86, Para. 182 9 Internal terms may be Pg. 88, Paras. 188-189 10 sealed only 11 Pg. 89-90, Para. 191 Plaintiffs’ designations 12 Pg. 89, Footnote 131 Plaintiffs’ designations 13 Pg. 91-92, Para. 192 Plaintiffs’ designations 14 Pg. 94, Para. 198 Internal terms may be sealed only 15 Pg. 96, Para. 206 Internal terms may be 16 sealed only Pg. 97, Para. 207 Internal terms may be 17 sealed only 18 Pg. 98, Para. 208 Internal processes, depicted in table format, may be 19 sealed only 20 Pg. 100, Paras. 213-214 Internal terms may be sealed only 21 Pg. 100-101, Para. 216 Internal terms may be 22 sealed only 23 Pg. 101, Paras. 217-218 Internal terms may be sealed only 24 Pg. 102-103 Paras. 220-222 Internal terms may be 25 sealed only 26 Pg. 104-106, Paras. 230-231 Internal terms may be sealed only 27 Pg. 106-108, Para. 232 and Footnote Internal terms may be 1 Exhibit No. Bates No. / Pages with Designations Description 140 sealed only 2 Pg. 108-109, Paras. 233-235 Internal processes; 3 Internal terms 4 Pg. 110, Para. 237 Internal terms 5 Pg. 110-111, Paras. 238-239 Internal terms may be sealed only 6 Pg. 111, Footnote 141 Internal terms may be 7 sealed only Pg. 111-113, Paras. 241-243 Internal terms may be 8 sealed only 9 Pg. 113, Paras. 244-245 Plaintiffs’ designations 10 Pg. 113-114, Para. 246 Plaintiffs’ designations 11 Pg. 114, Footnote 144 Internal terms may be sealed only 12 Pg. 114, Para. 248 Internal terms may be 13 sealed only Pg. 116, Footnote 145 Internal figures may be 14 sealed only 15 Pg. 122, Para. 273 Internal processes, depicted in the attached image, may 16 be sealed only. 17 Pg. 127, Para. 286 Internal terms and figures may be sealed only 18 Pg. 131-132, Paras. 299-300 Internal processes; 19 Internal terms 20 Pg. 132-133, Para. 303 Internal terms may be sealed only 21 Pg. 133-134, Paras. 305-309 Internal terms may be 22 sealed only Pg. 134, Footnote 159 Internal terms may be 23 sealed only 24 Pg. 136, Para. 312 Internal processes and terms, depicted in the 25 attached image, may be 26 sealed only Pg. 137-138, Paras. 318-319 and Internal terms may be 27 1 Exhibit No. Bates No. / Pages with Designations Description Footnote 162 sealed only 2 Pg. 138-141, Paras. 320-324 Internal terms may be 3 sealed only

4 Pg. 139, Footnote 163-164 Internal terms may be sealed only 5 Pg. 140, Footnote 165 Internal terms may be 6 sealed only 7 Pg. 141, Para. 326 Internal terms may be sealed only 8 Pg. 142-143, Para. 330 Everything after “As show 9 in the figure” and the figure itself may be sealed. 10 Pg. 148, Para. 348 Internal figures may be 11 sealed Pg. 150, Para. 353 Internal term may be sealed 12 only 13 Pg. 150, Para. 355 Internal figures may be sealed only 14 Pg. 150, Footnote 173-174 Internal processes; 15 Internal strategy 16 Pg. 151, Para. 358 Internal terms may be sealed only 17 Pg. 152, Para. 360 Internal terms may be 18 sealed only 19 Pg. 153, Para. 364 Internal terms may be sealed only 20 Pg. 154, Para. 367 Internal terms may be 21 sealed only Pg. 154, Footnote 175 Internal terms may be 22 sealed only 23 Pg. 157, Para. 375 Employee PII may be sealed only 24 Pg. 162, Para. 388 Internal terms may be 25 sealed only 26 Pg. 168, Footnote 180 Internal processes; Internal strategy 27 1 Exhibit No. Bates No. / Pages with Designations Description Appendix E Pg. 7, Para. 13 Internal terms may be 2 sealed only 3 Pg. 10, Paras. 20-21 Internal processes; Internal strategy 4 Pg. 10, Footnote 24 Internal processes 5 Pg. 11-13, Paras. 23-26 Internal terms may be 6 sealed only 7 Pg. 14, Para. 28 Internal terms may be sealed only 8 Appendix G Pg. 1, Table of Contents Internal terms may be 9 sealed only Pg. 11, Para. 26 Internal terms may be 10 sealed only 11 Pg. 11, Heading 2.1 Internal terms 12 Pg. 11-30, Paras. 28-73 Internal processes; Internal strategy; 13 Internal terms 14 Pg. 31, Para. 74 Internal terms may be sealed only 15 Pg. 32, Paras. 79-80 Internal terms may be 16 sealed only 17 Pg. 33, Paras. 83-85 Internal terms may be sealed only 18 Pg. 34-37, Paras. 86-98 Internal processes; 19 Internal strategy; Internal terms 20 Pg. 37, Para. 100 Internal terms may be 21 sealed only Pg. 39, Para. 106 Internal processes; 22 Internal terms 23 Pg. 40-41 ,Paras. 109, 111-113 Internal processes; Internal terms 24 Pg. 42-43, Paras. 115-121 Internal processes; 25 Internal terms 26 Pg. 44-102 Internal processes; Internal strategy; 27 Internal terms 1 Exhibit No. Bates No. / Pages with Designations 9 Appendix I Pg. 5, Paras. 13-14 Internal terms may be sealed only 3 Pg. 28-29, Paras. 65-66 Internal terms may be 4 sealed only Appendix K Complete Document Internal processes; 5 Internal strategy; 6 Internal terms 4 8 IV. CONCLUSION 9 For the reasons above, the parties’ omnibus motion to seal is granted in part and denied in 10 || part. Plaintiffs and Google are ordered to file public versions of the records above in compliance 11 with this order.

13 || ITISSO ORDERED.

15 Dated: January 3, 2024 MAA 16 RICHARD SEEBORG 17 Chief United States District Judge 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 ORDER GRANTING IN PART, DENYING IN PART MOTION TO SEAL CASE No. 20-cv-04688-RS