Rodriguez v. 10th Judicial District Court

• Court: District Court, D. Nevada
• Decided: September 5, 2024
• Docket: 2:24-cv-01566
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

1 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 2 DISTRICT OF NEVADA 3 Vanessa Rodrigues, 2:24-cv-01566-JAD-MDC 4 Plaintiff(s), REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION 5 vs. 6 10th Judicial District Court, et al., 7 Defendant(s). 8 Pending before the Court are pro se plaintiff Vanessa Rodrigues’s1 Motion/Application to 9 Proceed In Forma Pauperis (“IFP”) (ECF No. 1) and Complaint (ECF No. 1-1). IT IS 10 RECOMMENDED that Plaintiff’s Complaint is DISMISSED WITHOUT LEAVE TO AMEND and her 11 IFP DENIED AS MOOT. 12 DISCUSSION 13 I. IFP APPLICATION 14 Under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(1), a plaintiff may bring a civil action "without prepayment of fees or 15 security thereof" if the plaintiff submits a financial affidavit that demonstrates the plaintiff "is unable to 16 pay such fees or give security therefor." If the plaintiff is a "prisoner" as defined by 28 U.S.C. § 1915(h), 17 as amended by the Prison Litigation Reform Act ("PLRA"), he must pay the entire fee in installments, 18 regardless of whether his action is ultimately dismissed. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(1) & (2); Taylor v. 19 Delatoore, 281 F.3d 844, 847 (9th Cir. 2002). 20 Under the PLRA, a prisoner seeking leave to proceed IFP must submit a "certified copy of the 21 trust fund account statement (or institutional equivalent) for the prisoner for the six-month period 22 immediately preceding the filing of the complaint." 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(2); Andrews v. King, 398 F.3d 23 24 1 Plaintiff is an incarcerated individual in the custody of Florence McClure Women’s Correctional Center (“FMWCC”). See 25 https://ofdsearch.doc.nv.gov/ (inmate id: 1283578). 1 1 1113, 1119 (9th Cir. 2005). From the certified trust account statement, the Court must assess an initial 2 payment of 20% of (a) the average monthly deposits in the account for the past six months, or (b) the 3 average monthly balance in the account for the past six months, whichever is greater, unless the prisoner 4 has no assets. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(1); 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(4). The institution having custody of the 5 prisoner must collect subsequent payments, assessed at 20% of the preceding month's income, in any 6 month in which the prisoner's account exceeds $10, and forward those payments to the Court until the 7 entire filing fee is paid. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(2). Even if this action is dismissed, the prisoner must 8 still pay the full filing fee pursuant to § 1915(b) and the monthly payments from his inmate account will 9 continue until the balance is paid. 10 For an inmate to apply for in forma pauperis status, the inmate must submit all three of the 11 following documents to the Court: (1) a completed Application to Proceed In Forma Pauperis for 12 Inmate, which is pages 1–3 of the Court’s approved form, that is properly signed by the inmate twice on 13 page 3; (2) a completed Financial Certificate, which is page 4 of the Court’s approved form, that is 14 properly signed by both the inmate and a prison or jail official; and (3) a copy of the inmate’s prison or 15 jail trust fund account statement for the previous six-month period. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(1)– (2); 16 Nev. Loc. R. Prac. LSR 1-2. 17 Plaintiff’s IFP application is incomplete. Plaintiff has not submitted a financial certificate that 18 has been signed by both her and a prison or jail official. Plaintiff has also not provided an inmate trust 19 fund account statement for the previous six-month period. Therefore, the Court denies plaintiff’s IFP 20 application for this reason. And for the reasons stated below, the court recommends denying the 21 application as moot. 22 // 23 // 24 // 25 2 1 II. COMPLAINT 2 A. Legal Standard 3 When a plaintiff seeks to proceed IFP, the court must screen the complaint. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e). 4 Section 1915(e) states that a “court shall dismiss the case at any time if the court determines that (A) the 5 allegations of poverty is untrue; or (B) the action or appeal (i) is frivolous or malicious; (ii) fails to state 6 a claim upon which relief may be granted; or (iii) seeks monetary relief against a defendant who is 7 immune from such relief.” 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e)(2)(A), (B)(i)-(iii). Section 1915A has similar screening 8 standards and states, that “[t]he court shall review, before docketing, if feasible or, in any event, as soon 9 as practicable after docketing, a complaint in a civil action in which a prisoner seeks redress from a 10 governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a). “On 11 review, the court shall identify cognizable claims or dismiss the complaint, or any portion of the 12 complaint, if the complaint – (1) is frivolous, malicious, or fails to state a claim upon which relief may 13 be granted; or (2) seeks monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief.” Id. § 14 1915A(b). 15 The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 8(a)(2) provides that a complaint must contain “a 16 short and plain statement of the claim showing that the [plaintiff] is entitled to relief.” The Supreme 17 Court’s decision in Ashcroft v. Iqbal states that to satisfy Rule 8’s requirement, a complaint’s allegations 18 must cross “the line from conceivable to plausible.” 556 U.S. 662, 680 (2009) (quoting Bell Atlantic 19 Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 547 (2007). Dismissal for failure to state a claim under § 1915 20 incorporates the same standard for failure to state a claim under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure Rule 21 12(b)(6). Watison v. Carter, 668 F.3d 1108, 1112 (9th Cir. 2012). A complaint should be dismissed 22 under Rule 12(b)(6) “if it appears beyond a doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of 23 her claims that would entitle him to relief.” Buckley v. Los Angeles, 968 F.2d 791, 794 (9th Cir. 1992). 24 25 3 1 “A document filed pro se is “to be liberally construed” and a pro se complaint, however 2 inartfully pleaded, must be held to less stringent standards than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers.” 3 Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 94 (2007) (quoting Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 106 (1976) 4 (internal citations omitted). If the Court dismisses a complaint under § 1915(e), the plaintiff should be 5 given leave to amend the complaint with directions as to curing its deficiencies, unless it is clear from 6 the face of the complaint that deficiencies could not be cured through amendment.” Cato v. United 7 States, 70 F.3d 1103, 1106 (9th Cir. 1995) (emphasis added). At issue is whether plaintiff’s complaint 8 states a plausible claim for relief. 9 B. Analysis 10 Although plaintiff’s IFP has not been granted, the Court screens her Complaint because it 11 appears that most, if not all, of her claims may be barred as a matter of law. Plaintiff expressly names as 12 defendants the 10th Judicial District Court, a judge for the 10th Judicial District Court, her public 13 defender, and a district attorney. Plaintiff also appears to identify the State of Nevada as another 14 defendant. Plaintiff’s claims fail as a matter of law because of (1) Heck Doctrine, (2) immunity, and (3) 15 ineffective counsel claims are better brought as a habeas petition. 16 a. Heck Doctrines Bar The Suit 17 Plaintiff requests that both her convictions be expunged from her record and that she receives 18 monetary damages for being “falsely imprisoned.” However, plaintiff is barred as a matter of law. If a § 19 1983 case seeking damages alleges constitutional violations that would necessarily imply the invalidity 20 of a conviction or sentence, the prisoner must establish that the underlying sentence or conviction has 21 been invalidated on appeal, by habeas petition, or through similar proceeding. See Heck v Humphrey, 22 512 U.S. 477, 483-87 (1994). Under Heck, a party who is convicted of a crime is barred from bringing 23 suit under a § 1983 if judgment in favor of that party would necessarily imply the invalidity of 24 conviction or sentence. See Whitaker v. Garcetti, 486 F.3d 572, 582 (9th Cir. 2007) (citing Heck, 512 25 4 1 U.S. at 487). Claims or challenges to the validity or duration of confinement are matters of habeas 2 corpus relief per 28 U.S.C. § 2254. Nettles v. Grounds, 830 F.3d 922, 927 (9th Cir. 2016). Plaintiff fails 3 to assert that her convictions were overturned, thus, plaintiff cannot challenge her conviction and make 4 requests for damages. A plaintiff cannot make claims for both civil rights violations per 42 U.S.C. §1983 5 and for habeas corpus relief per 28 U.S.C. § 2254 in the same action. Nettles, 830 F.3d at 927 6 (reiterating that “habeas is the exclusive vehicle for claims brought by state prisoners that fall within the 7 core of habeas, and such claims may not be brought in a § 1983 action”); Wilkinson v. Dotson, 544 U.S. 8 74, 81–82 (2005) (holding that “a state prisoner's § 1983 action is barred (absent prior invalidation)—no 9 matter the relief sought (damages or equitable relief), no matter the target of the prisoner's suit (state 10 conduct leading to conviction or internal prison proceedings)—if success in that action would 11 necessarily demonstrate the invalidity of confinement or its duration”). Plaintiff’s claims are barred as a 12 matter of law under the Heck doctrine. To the extent that plaintiff’s claims aren’t barred under Heck, 13 they are barred for other reasons, as discussed below. 14 b. Immunity 15 i. Eleventh Amendment Immunity 16 The State of Nevada (to the extent it is an actual defendant) and the 10th Judicial District Court of 17 Nevada cannot be named as defendants because they are entitled to Eleventh Amendment immunity. 18 The Eleventh Amendment provides that “the Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed 19 to extend to any suit in law or equity…against one of the United States by Citizens of another State….” 20 U.S. Const. amend. XI. Therefore, “[a] suit generally may not be maintained directly against the State 21 itself, or against an agency or department of the State, unless the State has waived its sovereign 22 immunity.” Fla. Dep't of State v. Treasure Salvors, Inc., 458 U.S. 670, 684, 102 S. Ct. 3304, 73 L. Ed. 23 2d 1057 (1982) (internal citations omitted). Nevada has explicitly refused to waive its immunity to suit 24 under the eleventh amendment. See Nev. Rev. Stat. § 41.031(3). “The Supreme Court has made it clear 25 5 1 that section 1983 does not constitute an abrogation of the eleventh amendment immunity of the states.” 2 O’Connor v. Nevada, 686 F.2d 749, 750 (9th Cir. 1982) (citing Quern v. Jordan, 440 U.S. 332, 338-41, 3 99 S. Ct. 1139, 1144-1145, 59 L. Ed. 2d 358 (1979)). Since Nevada has explicitly refused to waive its 4 Eleventh Amendment immunity, and there is no indication that it consented to the suit, it cannot be 5 named as a defendant. Therefore, the state of Nevada must be dismissed as a matter of law. And for the 6 same reasons, the 10th Judicial District Court must be dismissed. See Crowe v. Or. State Bar, 989 F.3d 7 714, 730 (9th Cir. 2021) (The Eleventh Amendment bars federal suits against states as well as arms of 8 the state, “regardless of the nature of relief sought.”) (citing Pennhurst State Sch. & Hosp. v. 9 Halderman, 465 U.S. 89, 100, 104 S. Ct. 900, 79 L. Ed. 2d 67 (1984)); see also Simmons v. Sacramento 10 County Superior Ct., 318 F.3d 1156, 1161 (9th Cir. 2003) (state courts are “arms of the state” and 11 entitled to Eleventh Amendment immunity). 12 ii. Judges Are Entitled To Judicial Immunity 13 Plaintiff names Judge Thomas L. Stockard as a defendant, however, Judge Stockard cannot be 14 named as a defendant because he is entitled to judicial immunity. See Ashelman v. Pope, 793 F.2d 1072, 15 1075 (9th Cir. 1986) (“Judges and those performing judge-like functions are absolutely immune from 16 damage liability for acts performed in their official capacities.”). “Judicial immunity applies ‘however 17 erroneous the act may have been, and however injurious in its consequences it may have proved to the 18 plaintiff.” Ashelman, 793 F.2d at 1075 (citing Cleavinger v. Saxner, 474 U.S. 193, 106 S. Ct. 496, 500, 19 88 L. Ed. 2d 507 (1985)). “A judge loses absolute immunity only when he acts in the clear absence of all 20 jurisdictions or performs an act that is not judicial in nature.” Schucker v. Rockwood, 846 F.2d 1202, 21 1204 (9th Cir. 1988) (internal citations omitted). Liberally construing plaintiff’s claims, it seems that she 22 is alleging that Judge Stockard acted in a retaliatory manner and acted erroneously. See Erickson v. 23 Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 94, 127 S. Ct. 2197, 167 L. Ed. 2d 1081 (2007) (“A document filed pro se is ‘to be 24 liberally construed[.]’”); ECF No. 1-1. However, such allegations are not enough to nullify judicial 25 6 1 immunity. See Mireles v. Waco, 502 U.S. 9, 13, 112 S.Ct. 286, 116 L.Ed.2d 9 (1991); see also Forrester 2 v. White, 484 U.S. 219, 227, 108 S.Ct. 538, 98 L.Ed.2d 555 (1988) (a judicial act “does not become less 3 judicial by virtue of an allegation of malice or corruption of motive”); Stump v. Sparkman, 435 U.S. 349, 4 355–57, 98 S.Ct. 1099, 1104–05, 55 L.Ed.2d 331 (1978) (“Grave procedural errors or acts in excess of 5 judicial authority do not deprive a judge of this immunity.”). Plaintiff fails to allege that Judge 6 Stockard’s actions lacked jurisdiction or that the acts were not judicial in nature. Plaintiff seems only to 7 allege that there were errors and potentially malice in Judge Stockard’s. Thus, plaintiff’s claims against 8 Judge Stockard are barred as a matter of law. 9 iii. District Attorneys Are Entitled To Prosecutorial Immunity 10 Plaintiff’s claims against District Attorney Chelsea D. Sanford are barred because Ms. Sanford is 11 entitled to prosecutorial immunity. Imbler v. Pachtman, 424 U.S. 409, 427, 47 L. Ed. 2d 128, 96 S. Ct. 12 984 (1976) (holding that prosecutors are also entitled to absolute immunity from section 1983 claims). 13 “Prosecutors are entitled to prosecutorial immunity from § 1983 actions when performing functions 14 intimately associated with the judicial phase of the criminal process.” Lopez v. California, 2023 U.S. 15 App. LEXIS 27937, at *4 (9th Cir. Oct. 20, 2023); see also Ray v. Lara, 31 F.4th 692, 699 (9th Cir. 16 2022) (“It has long been established that prosecutors enjoy absolute immunity from damages suits under 17 § 1983 for activities that are ‘intimately associated with the judicial phase of the criminal process.’”). 18 “Such immunity applies even if it leaves the genuinely wronged defendant without civil redress against 19 a prosecutor whose malicious or dishonest action deprives him of liberty.” Ashelman, 793 F.2d at 1075 20 (internal citations omitted). The functional nature of the activities being performed, not the status of the 21 person performing determines whether absolute immunity attaches. See Stapley v. Pestalozzi, 733 F.3d 22 804, 810 (9th Cir. 2013). “Where a prosecutor acts as an advocate in initiating a prosecution and in 23 presenting the state's case, absolute immunity applies.” Ybarra v. Reno Thunderbird Mobile Home 24 Village, 723 F.2d 675, 678 (9th Cir. 1984). Here, plaintiff alleges that Ms. Sanford obtained “sealed PSI 25 7 1 record[s]” and used them against her in court proceedings. However, prosecutorial immunity applies in 2 such instances even when the act is “malicious or dishonest.” Genzler v. Longanbach, 410 F.3d 630, 637 3 (9th Cir. 2005) (“Thus, a prosecutor enjoys absolute immunity from a suit alleging that he maliciously 4 initiated a prosecution, used perjured testimony at trial, or suppressed material evidence at trial.”). 5 Because plaintiff fails to allege that Ms. Sanford acted outside her role as an advocate for the state, Ms. 6 Sanford is entitled to prosecutorial immunity. 7 c. Section 1983 Is Not The Proper Avenue To Bring An Ineffective Counsel Claim 8 Plaintiff’s § 1983 suit is not the proper avenue to assert claims against her public defender, 9 Wright M. Noel, for ineffective counsel. See Berry v. State of Nev., 2022 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 168574, *4-5 10 (D. Nev. Sept. 19, 2022) (citing Nelson v. Campbell, 541 U.S. 637, 643 (2004) (finding that plaintiff 11 may assert a Sixth Amendment ineffective counsel argument against his defense counsel in direct 12 appeal, post-conviction, or habeas proceeding but not in a § 1983 proceeding)). Plaintiff even seems to 13 admit that the proper procedure is a post-conviction appeal or habeas proceeding. See ECF No. 1-1 at 14 14. Therefore, plaintiff’s claims against her public defender for ineffective counsel are barred as a matter 15 of law. If plaintiff wishes to raise the issue of ineffective counsel, it is better brought as an appeal or a 16 habeas proceeding. 17 III. CONLUSION 18 Plaintiff’s claims are barred under the Heck doctrine because she seeks relief that would 19 necessarily invalidate her conviction. Alternatively, her claims are barred for several other reasons. 20 Plaintiff’s claims against the State of Nevada and the 10th Judicial District Court are barred under the 21 principle of Eleventh Amendment Immunity. Plaintiff’s claims against Judge Stockard are barred under 22 the principle of Judicial Immunity. Plaintiff’s claims against D.A. Sanford are barred under the principle 23 of Prosecutorial Immunity. Plaintiff’s claims against her public defender, Ms. Noel, are barred because a 24 § 1983 suit is not the proper avenue to bring ineffective counsel claims. Amendment would be futile 25 8 1 || because her claims are barred as a matter of law and cannot be cured. If plaintiff wishes to challenge her 2 || conviction, she is better off bringing her case as a habeas petition. 3 4 ACCORDINGLY, 5 IT IS RECOMMENDED that: 6 1. Plaintiff’s Complaint (ECF No. 1-1) be DISMISSED in its entirety without leave to amend. 7 2. Plaintiffs IFP application (ECF No. 1) be DENIED AS MOOT. 8 3. The Clerk of Court send plaintiff forms for filing a habeas petition and instructions for the 9 same. JE - DATED this 5™ day of September 2024. Lyf i ph fA IT IS SO RECOMMENDED. / Y tf \ 2 ff fF B Hon. Maximiligno D.£ouvillier III United States Magigirate Judge 14 IS NOTICE 16 Pursuant to Local Rules IB 3-1 and IB 3-2, a party may object to orders and reports and || recommendations issued by the magistrate judge. Objections must be in writing and filed with the Clerk 18 || of the Court within fourteen days. LR IB 3-1, 3-2. The Supreme Court has held that the courts of appeal 19 |) may determine that an appeal has been waived due to the failure to file objections within the specified 20 |! time. Thomas vy. Arn, 474 U.S. 140, 142 (1985). 21 This circuit has also held that (1) failure to file objections within the specified time and (2) 22 |! failure to properly address and brief the objectionable issues waives the right to appeal the District 23 |! Court's order and/or appeal factual issues from the order of the District Court. Martinez v. Yist, 951 F.2d 24 111153, 1157 (9th Cir. 1991); Britt v. Simi Valley United Sch. Dist., 708 F.2d 452, 454 (9th Cir. 1983). 25

1 Pursuant to LR IA 3-1, the plaintiff must immediately file written notification with the court of any 2 change of address. The notification must include proof of service upon each opposing party’s attorney, 3 or upon the opposing party if the party is unrepresented by counsel. Failure to comply with this rule may 4 result in dismissal of the action.

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 10