In The
Court of Appeals Ninth District of Texas at Beaumont _________________ NO. 09-13-00487-CR _________________
RODNEY COVINGTON, Appellant
V.
STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee ________________________________________________________________________
On Appeal from the 75th District Court Liberty County, Texas Trial Cause No. CR29574 ________________________________________________________________________
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Appellant Rodney Covington appeals from the trial court’s revocation of his
community supervision and adjudication of guilt. We affirm the trial court’s
judgment.
Background
Pursuant to a plea bargain agreement, Covington entered a plea of guilty to
the offense of attempted aggravated assault with a deadly weapon. See Tex. Penal
Code Ann. §§ 15.01, 22.02(a)(2) (West 2011). The trial court found the evidence 1 sufficient to find Covington guilty, but deferred further proceedings, and placed
him on community supervision for five years.
The State subsequently filed a motion to revoke Covington’s unadjudicated
community supervision alleging he committed six violations of the terms of his
community supervision. Covington pled “true” to one of the allegations, but pled
“not true” to the remaining five allegations. After an evidentiary hearing
concerning the State’s allegations, the court found that Covington violated four
additional conditions of his community supervision. At the conclusion of the
revocation hearing, the trial court found that Covington violated five of the
conditions of his community supervision, revoked his community supervision,
found Covington guilty of attempted aggravated assault with a deadly weapon, and
assessed punishment at six years of confinement. Covington filed his notice of
appeal on October 30, 2013.
Attorney’s Fees
In his first and second issues, Covington argues that the judgment
adjudicating guilt should be modified to delete any assessment of attorney’s fees
since Covington is indigent and there is insufficient evidence for the court to assess
attorney’s fees against him. The State denies error as the trial court did not assess
attorney’s fees, and no attorney’s fees are reflected in the judgment. The State
2 explains that although the district clerk initially included an assessment of
attorney’s fees in its calculations, such inclusion was erroneous, and the clerk has
since corrected that error. We agree with the State.
The Judgment Adjudicating Guilt indicates that the trial court did not assess
attorney’s fees against Covington. Further, the trial court did not orally assess
attorney’s fees during the revocation hearing. Initially, the district clerk attached a
document to the judgment entitled “FELONY COURT COST LIBERTY
COUNTY, TEXAS FOR PETITION TO REVOKE”, which included a notation
that the original fees assessed included $900 for attorney’s fees which, when
combined with other fees, totaled $1,026. However, later the district clerk filed a
bill of costs, which shows that the $900 attorney fee was waived. Having found
that no attorney’s fees have been assessed in this case against Covington, we
overrule Covington’s first and second issues on appeal.
Court Costs
In his third issue, Covington argues the trial court erred in assessing court
costs in the judgment adjudicating guilt. Specifically, Covington argues that the
judgment should be modified to remove $298 imposed as court costs when he was
first placed on probation. We note that the judgment adjudicating guilt does not
specify an amount of court costs due; rather, the judgment indicates that the court
3 costs are “[a]s assessed [b]y [t]he District Clerk’s Office[.]” In the felony court
cost sheet identified above and attached to the judgment, the district clerk noted
that Covington was originally assessed $298 in court costs. The State contends
that the court costs assessed against Covington are statutorily authorized and valid.
We agree with the State.
In our review of the trial court’s assessment of court costs, we need not
determine if there was sufficient evidence offered at trial to prove each cost
assessed; rather, we need only determine whether the record reflects a basis for the
assessed costs. Johnson v. State, 423 S.W.3d 385, 390 (Tex. Crim. App. 2014).
Court costs listed in a certified bill of costs need not be orally pronounced or
incorporated by reference in the judgment to be effective. Id. at 389. Generally, a
bill of costs must contain the items of cost, be signed by the officer who charged
the cost or the officer who is entitled to receive payment for the cost, and is
certified. Id. at 392; see Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 103.001 (West 2006).
“[A] certified bill of costs imposes an obligation upon a criminal defendant to pay
court costs, irrespective of whether or not that bill is incorporated by reference into
the written judgment.” Owen v. State, 352 S.W.3d 542, 547 (Tex. App.—Amarillo
2011, no pet.). A defendant who desires to challenge a specific item on the bill of
costs may file a motion to challenge said item within one year after the date of the
4 final disposition of the case in which the costs were imposed. Tex. Code Crim.
Proc. Ann. art. 103.008 (West 2006).
Covington has not filed a motion under article 103.008 and on appeal does
not challenge any item on the bill of costs as being unauthorized by statute. He
offers no evidence to call into question the accuracy of any of the charges reflected
in the bill of costs or the accuracy of the accounting provided by the district clerk.
Covington does, however, argue that because these costs were assessed when he
was placed on probation, it was part of his community supervision and not his
sentence, and thus was “erased once his probation was revoked” unless the State
offered evidence at the hearing of his failure to pay the costs. Covington cites no
authority to support his contention that revocation of his community supervision
discharges his obligation to pay court costs, which are otherwise statutorily
authorized. See id. art 42.16 (providing that if punishment is anything other than a
fine, trial courts are required to “adjudge the costs against the defendant, and order
the collection” of the costs in the judgment); see also Solomon v. State, 392
S.W.3d 309, 310 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2012, no pet.) (“The obligation of a
convicted person to pay court costs is established by statute.”); Johnson, 423
S.W.3d at 389 (explaining that trial court may only assess statutorily authorized
court costs against a criminal defendant).
5 On December 16, 2013, the Liberty County District Clerk supplemented the
record in this case with a bill of costs. The bill of costs includes an itemized list of
court costs totaling $357.1 After accounting for payments made by Covington, the
bill of cost indicates a balance of $126 remains. The district clerk signed and
certified that the bill of cost reflected a truthful and correct accounting of the costs
associated with Covington’s cause of action.
We reject Covington’s unsupported argument that his obligation to pay the
court costs imposed by the trial court when he was originally placed on community
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In The
Court of Appeals Ninth District of Texas at Beaumont _________________ NO. 09-13-00487-CR _________________
RODNEY COVINGTON, Appellant
V.
STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee ________________________________________________________________________
On Appeal from the 75th District Court Liberty County, Texas Trial Cause No. CR29574 ________________________________________________________________________
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Appellant Rodney Covington appeals from the trial court’s revocation of his
community supervision and adjudication of guilt. We affirm the trial court’s
judgment.
Background
Pursuant to a plea bargain agreement, Covington entered a plea of guilty to
the offense of attempted aggravated assault with a deadly weapon. See Tex. Penal
Code Ann. §§ 15.01, 22.02(a)(2) (West 2011). The trial court found the evidence 1 sufficient to find Covington guilty, but deferred further proceedings, and placed
him on community supervision for five years.
The State subsequently filed a motion to revoke Covington’s unadjudicated
community supervision alleging he committed six violations of the terms of his
community supervision. Covington pled “true” to one of the allegations, but pled
“not true” to the remaining five allegations. After an evidentiary hearing
concerning the State’s allegations, the court found that Covington violated four
additional conditions of his community supervision. At the conclusion of the
revocation hearing, the trial court found that Covington violated five of the
conditions of his community supervision, revoked his community supervision,
found Covington guilty of attempted aggravated assault with a deadly weapon, and
assessed punishment at six years of confinement. Covington filed his notice of
appeal on October 30, 2013.
Attorney’s Fees
In his first and second issues, Covington argues that the judgment
adjudicating guilt should be modified to delete any assessment of attorney’s fees
since Covington is indigent and there is insufficient evidence for the court to assess
attorney’s fees against him. The State denies error as the trial court did not assess
attorney’s fees, and no attorney’s fees are reflected in the judgment. The State
2 explains that although the district clerk initially included an assessment of
attorney’s fees in its calculations, such inclusion was erroneous, and the clerk has
since corrected that error. We agree with the State.
The Judgment Adjudicating Guilt indicates that the trial court did not assess
attorney’s fees against Covington. Further, the trial court did not orally assess
attorney’s fees during the revocation hearing. Initially, the district clerk attached a
document to the judgment entitled “FELONY COURT COST LIBERTY
COUNTY, TEXAS FOR PETITION TO REVOKE”, which included a notation
that the original fees assessed included $900 for attorney’s fees which, when
combined with other fees, totaled $1,026. However, later the district clerk filed a
bill of costs, which shows that the $900 attorney fee was waived. Having found
that no attorney’s fees have been assessed in this case against Covington, we
overrule Covington’s first and second issues on appeal.
Court Costs
In his third issue, Covington argues the trial court erred in assessing court
costs in the judgment adjudicating guilt. Specifically, Covington argues that the
judgment should be modified to remove $298 imposed as court costs when he was
first placed on probation. We note that the judgment adjudicating guilt does not
specify an amount of court costs due; rather, the judgment indicates that the court
3 costs are “[a]s assessed [b]y [t]he District Clerk’s Office[.]” In the felony court
cost sheet identified above and attached to the judgment, the district clerk noted
that Covington was originally assessed $298 in court costs. The State contends
that the court costs assessed against Covington are statutorily authorized and valid.
We agree with the State.
In our review of the trial court’s assessment of court costs, we need not
determine if there was sufficient evidence offered at trial to prove each cost
assessed; rather, we need only determine whether the record reflects a basis for the
assessed costs. Johnson v. State, 423 S.W.3d 385, 390 (Tex. Crim. App. 2014).
Court costs listed in a certified bill of costs need not be orally pronounced or
incorporated by reference in the judgment to be effective. Id. at 389. Generally, a
bill of costs must contain the items of cost, be signed by the officer who charged
the cost or the officer who is entitled to receive payment for the cost, and is
certified. Id. at 392; see Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 103.001 (West 2006).
“[A] certified bill of costs imposes an obligation upon a criminal defendant to pay
court costs, irrespective of whether or not that bill is incorporated by reference into
the written judgment.” Owen v. State, 352 S.W.3d 542, 547 (Tex. App.—Amarillo
2011, no pet.). A defendant who desires to challenge a specific item on the bill of
costs may file a motion to challenge said item within one year after the date of the
4 final disposition of the case in which the costs were imposed. Tex. Code Crim.
Proc. Ann. art. 103.008 (West 2006).
Covington has not filed a motion under article 103.008 and on appeal does
not challenge any item on the bill of costs as being unauthorized by statute. He
offers no evidence to call into question the accuracy of any of the charges reflected
in the bill of costs or the accuracy of the accounting provided by the district clerk.
Covington does, however, argue that because these costs were assessed when he
was placed on probation, it was part of his community supervision and not his
sentence, and thus was “erased once his probation was revoked” unless the State
offered evidence at the hearing of his failure to pay the costs. Covington cites no
authority to support his contention that revocation of his community supervision
discharges his obligation to pay court costs, which are otherwise statutorily
authorized. See id. art 42.16 (providing that if punishment is anything other than a
fine, trial courts are required to “adjudge the costs against the defendant, and order
the collection” of the costs in the judgment); see also Solomon v. State, 392
S.W.3d 309, 310 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2012, no pet.) (“The obligation of a
convicted person to pay court costs is established by statute.”); Johnson, 423
S.W.3d at 389 (explaining that trial court may only assess statutorily authorized
court costs against a criminal defendant).
5 On December 16, 2013, the Liberty County District Clerk supplemented the
record in this case with a bill of costs. The bill of costs includes an itemized list of
court costs totaling $357.1 After accounting for payments made by Covington, the
bill of cost indicates a balance of $126 remains. The district clerk signed and
certified that the bill of cost reflected a truthful and correct accounting of the costs
associated with Covington’s cause of action.
We reject Covington’s unsupported argument that his obligation to pay the
court costs imposed by the trial court when he was originally placed on community
supervision was discharged when the trial court later revoked his community
supervision.2 We conclude that the bill of costs provides some basis in the record
1 The Bill of Cost itemizes the following court costs charged to Covington: Criminal Consolidated Court Cost$133; Judicial Support Fee—$6; Jury Reimbursement Fund—$4; Indigent Defense Code—$2; Court Records Preservation Acct—$4; Criminal Clerk Fee—$40; Criminal Preservation—$22.50; Criminal Security—$5; Criminal Sheriff Fee—$15; Criminal DC Preservation Fee—$2.50; Sheriff Approving Bond—$10; Time Payment—$25; DNA Probation —$34; Copy/Criminal Case—$4; Crim Capias Ret—$50. 2 We note that three recent, unpublished opinions from this Court reject an argument identical to the one Covington now makes. See Collazo v. State, No. 09- 13-00458-CR, 2014 WL _______, at ** ____ (Tex. App.—Beaumont June 25, 2014, no pet. h.) (mem. op., not designated for publication); Edwards v. State, Nos. 09-13-00360-CR, 09-13-00361-CR, 2014 WL 1400747, at **3-4 (Tex. App.— Beaumont Apr. 9, 2014, no pet.) (mem. op., not designated for publication); Beard v. State, Nos. 09-13-00391-CR, 09-13-00392-CR, 2013 WL 6705981, at **2-3 (Tex. App.—Beaumont Dec. 18, 2013, no pet.) (mem. op., not designated for publication). 6 to support the trial court’s assessment of court costs against Covington as
determined by the district clerk. See Johnson, 423 S.W.3d at 396 (“Absent a
challenge to a specific cost or basis for the assessment of that cost, a bill of costs is
sufficient.”). We, therefore, overrule Covington’s third issue. Having overruled all
of Covington’s issues, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.
AFFIRMED.
______________________________ CHARLES KREGER Justice Submitted on April 9, 2014 Opinion Delivered July 9, 2014 Do not publish
Before Kreger, Horton and Johnson, JJ.