NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-5555-17T1
ROCCO DUARDO,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
CITY OF HACKENSACK, HACKENSACK POLICE DEPARTMENT, OFFICE OF THE BERGEN COUNTY PROSECUTOR'S OFFICE, GURBIR S. GREWAL, in his official capacity as Bergen County Prosecutor, and TED M. EHRENBURG, in his official capacity as City Manager for the City of Hackensack,
Defendants-Respondents.
Argued July 9, 2019 – Decided August 5, 2019
Before Judges Hoffman and Currier.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law Division, Bergen County, Docket No. L-5522-17. Charles J. Sciarra argued the cause for appellant (Sciarra & Catrambone, LLC, attorneys; Charles J. Sciarra, of counsel and on the brief; Frank C. Cioffi, on the brief).
Raymond R. Wiss argued the cause for respondents City of Hackensack, Hackensack Police Department, and Ted M. Ehrenburg (Wiss & Bouregy, PC, attorneys; Raymond R. Wiss, of counsel and on the brief; Thomas K. Bouregy, Jr. and Timothy J. Wiss, on the brief).
Thomas B. Hanrahan argued the cause for respondents Bergen County Prosecutor's Office and Gurbir S. Grewal (Hanrahan Pack, LLC, attorneys; David Pack, of counsel and on the brief; Thomas B. Hanrahan and Kathy A. Kennedy, on the brief).
PER CURIAM
Plaintiff Rocco Duardo appeals from a March 26, 2018 order, denying him
injunctive relief and dismissing his verified complaint, and the July 23, 2018
order, denying reconsideration. Because we find plaintiff's counsel's
certification was insufficient to support Rule 1:4-7's verification requirement,
the complaint was procedurally flawed, requiring its dismissal. We affirm.
Plaintiff is a patrolman in the Hackensack Police Department (HPD). In
December 2016, he and five other officers engaged in a warrantless search of an
apartment. The report submitted by Detective Mark Gutierrez stated that the
officers originally arrived at the area to "check for narcotic activity." After the
A-5555-17T1 2 officers were on the scene, Gutierrez stated an unknown resident informed them
"he believed there was an unattended child" in a specific apartment. When no
one responded to the officers' knock on the apartment's door, they discovered it
"was left [u]nsecured." Gutierrez reported the officers entered the apartment,
checked it, and left.
After HPD received an anonymous letter claiming Gutierrez's report of
the December 2016 search was "full of lies," HPD's internal affairs department
initiated an investigation into the search. Surveillance footage from a camera
inside the building showed the six officers entering the apartment after
tampering with the door's lock. HPD informed defendant the Bergen County
Prosecutor's Office (BCPO) of the officers' unlawful entry into the apartment.
The BCPO thereafter began a criminal investigation into the events.
In May 2017, defendant City of Hackensack (City) issued plaintiff a
Preliminary Notice of Disciplinary Action (PNDA), suspending plaintiff from
HPD, without pay, "effective immediately" because of the warrantless search.
HPD also sought to terminate plaintiff from his employment for violating
multiple New Jersey statutes, regulations, and HPD rules.
A-5555-17T1 3 Following a Loudermill 1 hearing, plaintiff's suspension was upheld but the
City was instructed to return plaintiff to paid status. The hearing officer found
the Internal Affairs Captain and City Manager to be "very credible."
After reviewing HPD's internal affairs investigation report, the BCPO
determined the facts did not support the filing of criminal charges against
plaintiff. The BCPO referred the matter back to "HPD to conduct an
administrative internal affairs investigation in accordance with the Attorney
General's Guidelines."
The next day, defendant Gurbir Grewal, the Bergen County Prosecutor,
wrote to HPD stating: "While we informed you on July 19, 2017 . . . that our
review of those allegations and available evidence did not support the filing of
criminal charges against [plaintiff] at this time, we believe that [his] conduct
undermines . . . [his] credibility as [a] law enforcement witness[]." As a result
of the officers' conduct, the BCPO determined it had to dismiss eight cases
pertaining to sixteen different criminal defendants. Grewal stated further:
"Based on the holdings in Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963), Giglio v.
1 Cleveland Bd. of Educ. v. Loudermill, 470 U.S. 532 (1985) (holding that a public employee has a property right in his or her continued employment that cannot be taken away without due process).
A-5555-17T1 4 United States, 405 U.S. 150 (1972), and their progeny, any decisions concerning
the future testimony of any of the [s]ubject [o]fficers will be made on a case-by-
case basis."
In August 2017, plaintiff filed a complaint, verified by his counsel, and
an order to show cause, seeking to enjoin defendants from pursuing
administrative charges against him, and from designating him as a Brady officer.
The City filed a second PNDA on September 1, 2017, suspending the
officers with pay. The PNDA again sought to terminate plaintiff from the HPD,
and charged him with failing to follow HPD rules and regulations, pursuant to
N.J.S.A. 40A:14-147, and for "[i]ncompetency, inefficiency, [inability] or
failure to perform duties" under N.J.A.C. 4A:2-2.3(a)(1), (3), (12). In response,
plaintiff filed a second amended verified complaint incorporating the second
PNDA. The complaint included an amended verification and certification from
plaintiff's counsel.
Defendants opposed the order to show cause and moved for dismissal of
the verified complaints.
In a March 26, 2018 order and accompanying written statement of reasons,
the trial judge found plaintiff's failure to verify the alleged facts in his complaint
to demonstrate his personal knowledge of the allegations was a "fatal procedural
A-5555-17T1 5 deficiency," requiring dismissal of the complaint. The judge also found plaintiff
failed to meet the Crowe2 standards for injunctive relief. Lastly, the judge
advised that plaintiff had failed to pursue the appropriate administrative
remedies regarding the PDNAs afforded to him under the Civil Service Act,
N.J.S.A. 11A:1-1 to -12.6.
Plaintiff moved for reconsideration, and leave to file a third verified
amended complaint. In a July 23, 2018 order and written statement of reasons,
the trial judge denied the motions, finding plaintiff had not met the standard for
reconsideration under Rule 4:49-2 and he had failed to cure the complaint's
deficiencies to allow its amendment.
On appeal, plaintiff argues: 1) his counsel could verify the complaint
because the allegations are supported by facts in a business record (Gutierrez's
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NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-5555-17T1
ROCCO DUARDO,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
CITY OF HACKENSACK, HACKENSACK POLICE DEPARTMENT, OFFICE OF THE BERGEN COUNTY PROSECUTOR'S OFFICE, GURBIR S. GREWAL, in his official capacity as Bergen County Prosecutor, and TED M. EHRENBURG, in his official capacity as City Manager for the City of Hackensack,
Defendants-Respondents.
Argued July 9, 2019 – Decided August 5, 2019
Before Judges Hoffman and Currier.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law Division, Bergen County, Docket No. L-5522-17. Charles J. Sciarra argued the cause for appellant (Sciarra & Catrambone, LLC, attorneys; Charles J. Sciarra, of counsel and on the brief; Frank C. Cioffi, on the brief).
Raymond R. Wiss argued the cause for respondents City of Hackensack, Hackensack Police Department, and Ted M. Ehrenburg (Wiss & Bouregy, PC, attorneys; Raymond R. Wiss, of counsel and on the brief; Thomas K. Bouregy, Jr. and Timothy J. Wiss, on the brief).
Thomas B. Hanrahan argued the cause for respondents Bergen County Prosecutor's Office and Gurbir S. Grewal (Hanrahan Pack, LLC, attorneys; David Pack, of counsel and on the brief; Thomas B. Hanrahan and Kathy A. Kennedy, on the brief).
PER CURIAM
Plaintiff Rocco Duardo appeals from a March 26, 2018 order, denying him
injunctive relief and dismissing his verified complaint, and the July 23, 2018
order, denying reconsideration. Because we find plaintiff's counsel's
certification was insufficient to support Rule 1:4-7's verification requirement,
the complaint was procedurally flawed, requiring its dismissal. We affirm.
Plaintiff is a patrolman in the Hackensack Police Department (HPD). In
December 2016, he and five other officers engaged in a warrantless search of an
apartment. The report submitted by Detective Mark Gutierrez stated that the
officers originally arrived at the area to "check for narcotic activity." After the
A-5555-17T1 2 officers were on the scene, Gutierrez stated an unknown resident informed them
"he believed there was an unattended child" in a specific apartment. When no
one responded to the officers' knock on the apartment's door, they discovered it
"was left [u]nsecured." Gutierrez reported the officers entered the apartment,
checked it, and left.
After HPD received an anonymous letter claiming Gutierrez's report of
the December 2016 search was "full of lies," HPD's internal affairs department
initiated an investigation into the search. Surveillance footage from a camera
inside the building showed the six officers entering the apartment after
tampering with the door's lock. HPD informed defendant the Bergen County
Prosecutor's Office (BCPO) of the officers' unlawful entry into the apartment.
The BCPO thereafter began a criminal investigation into the events.
In May 2017, defendant City of Hackensack (City) issued plaintiff a
Preliminary Notice of Disciplinary Action (PNDA), suspending plaintiff from
HPD, without pay, "effective immediately" because of the warrantless search.
HPD also sought to terminate plaintiff from his employment for violating
multiple New Jersey statutes, regulations, and HPD rules.
A-5555-17T1 3 Following a Loudermill 1 hearing, plaintiff's suspension was upheld but the
City was instructed to return plaintiff to paid status. The hearing officer found
the Internal Affairs Captain and City Manager to be "very credible."
After reviewing HPD's internal affairs investigation report, the BCPO
determined the facts did not support the filing of criminal charges against
plaintiff. The BCPO referred the matter back to "HPD to conduct an
administrative internal affairs investigation in accordance with the Attorney
General's Guidelines."
The next day, defendant Gurbir Grewal, the Bergen County Prosecutor,
wrote to HPD stating: "While we informed you on July 19, 2017 . . . that our
review of those allegations and available evidence did not support the filing of
criminal charges against [plaintiff] at this time, we believe that [his] conduct
undermines . . . [his] credibility as [a] law enforcement witness[]." As a result
of the officers' conduct, the BCPO determined it had to dismiss eight cases
pertaining to sixteen different criminal defendants. Grewal stated further:
"Based on the holdings in Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963), Giglio v.
1 Cleveland Bd. of Educ. v. Loudermill, 470 U.S. 532 (1985) (holding that a public employee has a property right in his or her continued employment that cannot be taken away without due process).
A-5555-17T1 4 United States, 405 U.S. 150 (1972), and their progeny, any decisions concerning
the future testimony of any of the [s]ubject [o]fficers will be made on a case-by-
case basis."
In August 2017, plaintiff filed a complaint, verified by his counsel, and
an order to show cause, seeking to enjoin defendants from pursuing
administrative charges against him, and from designating him as a Brady officer.
The City filed a second PNDA on September 1, 2017, suspending the
officers with pay. The PNDA again sought to terminate plaintiff from the HPD,
and charged him with failing to follow HPD rules and regulations, pursuant to
N.J.S.A. 40A:14-147, and for "[i]ncompetency, inefficiency, [inability] or
failure to perform duties" under N.J.A.C. 4A:2-2.3(a)(1), (3), (12). In response,
plaintiff filed a second amended verified complaint incorporating the second
PNDA. The complaint included an amended verification and certification from
plaintiff's counsel.
Defendants opposed the order to show cause and moved for dismissal of
the verified complaints.
In a March 26, 2018 order and accompanying written statement of reasons,
the trial judge found plaintiff's failure to verify the alleged facts in his complaint
to demonstrate his personal knowledge of the allegations was a "fatal procedural
A-5555-17T1 5 deficiency," requiring dismissal of the complaint. The judge also found plaintiff
failed to meet the Crowe2 standards for injunctive relief. Lastly, the judge
advised that plaintiff had failed to pursue the appropriate administrative
remedies regarding the PDNAs afforded to him under the Civil Service Act,
N.J.S.A. 11A:1-1 to -12.6.
Plaintiff moved for reconsideration, and leave to file a third verified
amended complaint. In a July 23, 2018 order and written statement of reasons,
the trial judge denied the motions, finding plaintiff had not met the standard for
reconsideration under Rule 4:49-2 and he had failed to cure the complaint's
deficiencies to allow its amendment.
On appeal, plaintiff argues: 1) his counsel could verify the complaint
because the allegations are supported by facts in a business record (Gutierrez's
report); 2) the BCPO's decision to designate plaintiff as a Brady officer should
be reviewed for an abuse of discretion; 3) the BCPO abused its discretion in
designating plaintiff as a Brady officer; and 4) he demonstrated a right to
injunctive relief.
2 Crowe v. De Gioia, 90 N.J. 126 (1982).
A-5555-17T1 6 In a summary action brought under Rule 4:67-2, the complaint must be
verified by affidavit pursuant to Rule 1:6-6. Similar to the verification
requirement under Rule 1:4-7, Rule 1:6-6 prescribes the affidavit must be "made
on personal knowledge, setting forth only facts which are admissible in evidence
to which the affiant is competent to testify."
Multiple paragraphs of plaintiff's complaint refer to statements made in
Gutierrez's report. Plaintiff has not presented any certifications or affidavits
verifying his allegations. Instead, his counsel's certification verified that the
contents of Gutierrez's report were "true and accurate to the best of [his]
knowledge." Under Rule 1:4-7, "[v]erification requires that the pleading party
allege facts that are based on personal knowledge and that such allegations be
of facts admissible as evidence to which the affiant is competent to testify."
Hodges v. Sasil Corp., 189 N.J. 210, 233 n.2 (2007) (first citing R. 1:4-7; then
citing Monmouth Cty. Div. of Soc. Servs. v. P.A.Q., 317 N.J. Super. 187, 193-
94 (App. Div. 1998)).
We have previously held that an attorney is generally not an individual
possessing personal knowledge of relevant facts. See Gonzalez v. Ideal Tile
Importing Co., 371 N.J. Super. 349, 358 (App. Div. 2004) ("Even an attorney's
sworn statement will have no bearing on a summary judgment motion when the
A-5555-17T1 7 attorney has no personal knowledge of the facts asserted."). Here, counsel does
not assert, and could not assert, he possessed personal knowledge of the facts in
Gutierrez's report.
We are unpersuaded by plaintiff's argument, raised for the first time on
appeal, that his counsel can testify to the facts in Gutierrez's report because they
are admissible under the business records hearsay exception. See N.J.R.E. 803
(c)(6). In light of the circumstances surrounding the creation of Gutierrez's
investigative report, its admissibility as a business record is unlikely. Rule 803
(c)(6) prohibits the admissibility of a statement in a writing or record if "the
sources of information or the method, purpose or circumstances of preparation
indicate that it is not trustworthy." The circumstances leading to plaintiff's
disciplinary actions, and his lawsuit, arise out of the events depicted in
Gutierrez's report, which have been found to be false in several administrative
proceedings.
Even if the report was admissible, it does not solve plaintiff's verification
issue. Counsel still lacks the requisite personal knowledge to verify the
complaint. He cannot show he was present during the challenged search nor that
he helped Gutierrez prepare the report.
A-5555-17T1 8 The procedural deficits of the verification are a fatal flaw, rendering it a
"nullity." P.A.Q., 317 N.J. Super. at 194. In the absence of a verification, the
trial court lacked jurisdiction to consider the complaint, and therefore properly
dismissed it.
Because we conclude the trial judge did not err in dismissing the
complaint for plaintiff's failure to verify its allegations, we need not address the
remaining arguments. We also discern no abuse of discretion in the denial of
plaintiff's motion for reconsideration.
Affirmed.
A-5555-17T1 9