Opinion of the Court by
Wm. Rogers Clay, Com- '' missioner
Reversing.
On July 23, 1907, Anna Wells, Lena Wells, Luther Wells and others, claiming to be the joint owners of a certain tract of' land in Robertson county, Kentucky, and lying on the waters of Johnson Pork of Licking River, a' non-navigable stream, instituted an action against Prank Robinson and Sarahi J. Robinson, his mother, to restrain them from destroying and defacing their landmarks and monuments on the western boundary of plaintiffs’ land and from constructing fences on the east bank of Johnson Pork, and from otherwise trespassing upon the land. A similar suit was filed by Annie Wells against the same defendants to enjoin them from wrongfully and unlawfully entering upon the lands which she owned in her individual right. A similar suit was also filed by Elizabeth Wells against the same defendants and praying for similar relief. The defendants answered and denied the allegations of each petition. Thereafter plaintiffs filed their 'amended petitions in equity, wherein they asserted title to the land in controversy by adverse possession. Subsequently all three of these actions were consolidated and docketed under the name of Annie Wells, et al. v. Prank Robinson, et al. Thereafter the defendants filed an amended answer and counter-claim wherein they pleaded ownership of rhe land by title of record and also by adverse possession. They also pleaded that plaintiffs' claimed title through Uriah Wells, who had accepted a certain stone on the east bank of Johnson Pork as the corner in making surveys of his and defendants’ land, and that the line claimed by defendants to be the dividing line between him and plaintiffs had always been recognized by plaintiffs and those through whom they claimed as the divid[802]*802ing line. Upon submission of the case the chancellor granted the relief prayed for by plaintiffs and adjudged that each of them, with respect to the particular land which she owned, had title to the bed of Johnson Fork of Licking River to the thread of the stream for the full length of the western boundary of her particular land. Prom this judgment the defendants have appealed.
While both plaintiffs and defendants asserted title by adverse possession, it is manifest that neither had such possession as would ripen into- title. Each claimed to the division line, and the whole case depends upon where that line is located. Both plaintiffs and defendants have shown title from the-Commonwealth, and also from a common grantor. For the purpose of determining where the division line is located, resort must be had to the-record titles which are exhibited in the record.
The tracts of land owned by plaintiffs and defendants are embraced in a- patent for 4,045 acres issued-by the Commonwealth of Kentucky to Robert Johnson. Robert Johnson conveyed the lands owned by plaintiffs and defendants to David'Irwin on August 29, 1805, by deed of record. David Irwin conveyed to David Gray and John Allison on December 30, 1805, by deed of record. David Gray conveyed to John. Allison his undivided one-half interest in said land on August 25, 1806, by deed of record. John Allison conveyed-the land now belonging to defendants to John Dea on December 13, 1806, by deed of record, and Dea in turn conveyed to John Throckmorton by deed of record dated January 23, 1807. By regular chain of conveyances from Throckmorton, defendants acquired title to their tract of land. Subsequently, on August 29, 1808, Johnson conveyed the lands now belonging to plaintiffs to Aaron Wells by deed of record. Aaron Wells’ heirs conveyed to Uriah Wells by deed dated March 27, 1848. From this point on it is unnecessary to set forth plaintiffs’ title.
The description both in the deed from John- Allison to John Dea, of date December 13, 1806, and the deed from John Dea to John Throckmorton, of date January 22, 1807, -through whom the defendants derive title, is as follows:
“Beginning at a white oak on a ridge standing near a large forked white oak and in the western boundary line of the said Robert Johnson tract; thence east forty poles to two gums and a hickory in Lawrence [803]*803Hári,&bh',s'bine;.;'í!tbéiíee 'with',the' same Abuth.l fóftylfive east'ninety poles" to two beeches on the east bank of Johnson Fork and a comer to Aaron Wells; thence down Johnson Fork on the east side thereon and binding thereon with its different meanders two hundred poles when ¡'educed to a straight line to a sycamore and elm another corner of the said Wells, and in the southern boundary •line of the said Robert-Johnson tract; ttíénce pn. a line of'the samé west twenty poles to three beeches a corner thereof; thence on another line north two hundred and fifty poles to the beginning, containing one hundred acres, be the same more or less.”
In a subsequent deed from John Throckmorton and wife to Franklin Vimont, there is a call to a stone on the east bank of Johnson Fork; “thence down said creek with its meanders .south thirty and one-half west forty-eight poles; " thence ' south thirteen' west thirty-fivé ’ poles to an elm in Wells’ stone fence.” From this point on to the defendants the deeds- vary but little in the description of the tract which defendants own.
The description in the deed from John Allison to Aaron Wells, through whom the plaintiffs claim, is as follows:
“Beginning at a sycamore and elm standing on the hank of Johnson Fork on the east side thereof, and on" the line of the said 4,045 aeres: thence up the creek with the meanders thereof two hundred poles when reduced to a straight line to two beech trees standing in the lower line of Harrison’s survey; thence with the same south .forty-five degrees east one hundred and two poles to two beeches and a sugar tree; thence' leaving said lino and running south twenty-three degrees west one hundred and twenty-two poles to three beeches and a hickory on a ridge and in the southern boundary line of the said Robert Johnson’s 4,045 acre survey; thence on a line of the same west one hundred and five poles to the beginning, containing one hundred acres of land, together with, all and singular the premises and appurtenances thereunto belonging or in anywise appertaining.”
The description in the fieed from Aaron Webs’ heirs to Uriah Wells, dated March 27, 1845, is- the same as that contained in the deed from John Allison to Aaron 'Wells.
From the foregoing conveyances it will be seen that the various deeds, through which defendants derive title, [804]*804describe the land as running to certain points on tbe 'east side of Jolinson Fork of Licking River. That, being true, defendants’ title'of record actually covers the land in controversy, and is superior to,that of plaintiffs.
But it is insisted by counsel for appellees that, when Allison conveyed to Aaron Wells, their remote grantor, he conveyed to him land bordering on Johnson Fork, and necessarily granted to him title to the middle or thread of that stream. It may be conceded to be the general rule that a conveyance of land described as running with .the meanders of a non-navigable stream [and in this state all rivers are non-hayigable so far as the doctrine of riparian ownership is concerned) carries title to the middle or thread of the stream, unless' there be something in the grant to indicate a contrary intention. Berry v. Snyder, 3 Bush 266; Williamsburg Boom Co. v. Smith, 84 Ky., 372.)
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Opinion of the Court by
Wm. Rogers Clay, Com- '' missioner
Reversing.
On July 23, 1907, Anna Wells, Lena Wells, Luther Wells and others, claiming to be the joint owners of a certain tract of' land in Robertson county, Kentucky, and lying on the waters of Johnson Pork of Licking River, a' non-navigable stream, instituted an action against Prank Robinson and Sarahi J. Robinson, his mother, to restrain them from destroying and defacing their landmarks and monuments on the western boundary of plaintiffs’ land and from constructing fences on the east bank of Johnson Pork, and from otherwise trespassing upon the land. A similar suit was filed by Annie Wells against the same defendants to enjoin them from wrongfully and unlawfully entering upon the lands which she owned in her individual right. A similar suit was also filed by Elizabeth Wells against the same defendants and praying for similar relief. The defendants answered and denied the allegations of each petition. Thereafter plaintiffs filed their 'amended petitions in equity, wherein they asserted title to the land in controversy by adverse possession. Subsequently all three of these actions were consolidated and docketed under the name of Annie Wells, et al. v. Prank Robinson, et al. Thereafter the defendants filed an amended answer and counter-claim wherein they pleaded ownership of rhe land by title of record and also by adverse possession. They also pleaded that plaintiffs' claimed title through Uriah Wells, who had accepted a certain stone on the east bank of Johnson Pork as the corner in making surveys of his and defendants’ land, and that the line claimed by defendants to be the dividing line between him and plaintiffs had always been recognized by plaintiffs and those through whom they claimed as the divid[802]*802ing line. Upon submission of the case the chancellor granted the relief prayed for by plaintiffs and adjudged that each of them, with respect to the particular land which she owned, had title to the bed of Johnson Fork of Licking River to the thread of the stream for the full length of the western boundary of her particular land. Prom this judgment the defendants have appealed.
While both plaintiffs and defendants asserted title by adverse possession, it is manifest that neither had such possession as would ripen into- title. Each claimed to the division line, and the whole case depends upon where that line is located. Both plaintiffs and defendants have shown title from the-Commonwealth, and also from a common grantor. For the purpose of determining where the division line is located, resort must be had to the-record titles which are exhibited in the record.
The tracts of land owned by plaintiffs and defendants are embraced in a- patent for 4,045 acres issued-by the Commonwealth of Kentucky to Robert Johnson. Robert Johnson conveyed the lands owned by plaintiffs and defendants to David'Irwin on August 29, 1805, by deed of record. David Irwin conveyed to David Gray and John Allison on December 30, 1805, by deed of record. David Gray conveyed to John. Allison his undivided one-half interest in said land on August 25, 1806, by deed of record. John Allison conveyed-the land now belonging to defendants to John Dea on December 13, 1806, by deed of record, and Dea in turn conveyed to John Throckmorton by deed of record dated January 23, 1807. By regular chain of conveyances from Throckmorton, defendants acquired title to their tract of land. Subsequently, on August 29, 1808, Johnson conveyed the lands now belonging to plaintiffs to Aaron Wells by deed of record. Aaron Wells’ heirs conveyed to Uriah Wells by deed dated March 27, 1848. From this point on it is unnecessary to set forth plaintiffs’ title.
The description both in the deed from John- Allison to John Dea, of date December 13, 1806, and the deed from John Dea to John Throckmorton, of date January 22, 1807, -through whom the defendants derive title, is as follows:
“Beginning at a white oak on a ridge standing near a large forked white oak and in the western boundary line of the said Robert Johnson tract; thence east forty poles to two gums and a hickory in Lawrence [803]*803Hári,&bh',s'bine;.;'í!tbéiíee 'with',the' same Abuth.l fóftylfive east'ninety poles" to two beeches on the east bank of Johnson Fork and a comer to Aaron Wells; thence down Johnson Fork on the east side thereon and binding thereon with its different meanders two hundred poles when ¡'educed to a straight line to a sycamore and elm another corner of the said Wells, and in the southern boundary •line of the said Robert-Johnson tract; ttíénce pn. a line of'the samé west twenty poles to three beeches a corner thereof; thence on another line north two hundred and fifty poles to the beginning, containing one hundred acres, be the same more or less.”
In a subsequent deed from John Throckmorton and wife to Franklin Vimont, there is a call to a stone on the east bank of Johnson Fork; “thence down said creek with its meanders .south thirty and one-half west forty-eight poles; " thence ' south thirteen' west thirty-fivé ’ poles to an elm in Wells’ stone fence.” From this point on to the defendants the deeds- vary but little in the description of the tract which defendants own.
The description in the deed from John Allison to Aaron Wells, through whom the plaintiffs claim, is as follows:
“Beginning at a sycamore and elm standing on the hank of Johnson Fork on the east side thereof, and on" the line of the said 4,045 aeres: thence up the creek with the meanders thereof two hundred poles when reduced to a straight line to two beech trees standing in the lower line of Harrison’s survey; thence with the same south .forty-five degrees east one hundred and two poles to two beeches and a sugar tree; thence' leaving said lino and running south twenty-three degrees west one hundred and twenty-two poles to three beeches and a hickory on a ridge and in the southern boundary line of the said Robert Johnson’s 4,045 acre survey; thence on a line of the same west one hundred and five poles to the beginning, containing one hundred acres of land, together with, all and singular the premises and appurtenances thereunto belonging or in anywise appertaining.”
The description in the fieed from Aaron Webs’ heirs to Uriah Wells, dated March 27, 1845, is- the same as that contained in the deed from John Allison to Aaron 'Wells.
From the foregoing conveyances it will be seen that the various deeds, through which defendants derive title, [804]*804describe the land as running to certain points on tbe 'east side of Jolinson Fork of Licking River. That, being true, defendants’ title'of record actually covers the land in controversy, and is superior to,that of plaintiffs.
But it is insisted by counsel for appellees that, when Allison conveyed to Aaron Wells, their remote grantor, he conveyed to him land bordering on Johnson Fork, and necessarily granted to him title to the middle or thread of that stream. It may be conceded to be the general rule that a conveyance of land described as running with .the meanders of a non-navigable stream [and in this state all rivers are non-hayigable so far as the doctrine of riparian ownership is concerned) carries title to the middle or thread of the stream, unless' there be something in the grant to indicate a contrary intention. Berry v. Snyder, 3 Bush 266; Williamsburg Boom Co. v. Smith, 84 Ky., 372.)
But the. question still remains: Has this doctrine any application to the facts 'of this case? Plaintiffs concede that the defendants have a superior title of record and that their remote grantor accepted his deed with notice of the fact that Allison had previously conveyed the bed of the stream to John Dea, defendants’ remote grantor. To overcome this, the claim that it may be reasonably inferred from the fact that the Dea deed calls for certain corners to Aaron Wells, and the further fact ihat, on August 25, 1806, David' Gray conveyed his undivided one-half interest in the particular tract., of ^and which Allison had conveyed to Dea, describing it by metes and bounds, “and also one other tract adjoining the same, containing one hundred acres conveyed by said Allison to Aaron Wells,” Allison prior to the conveyance to John Dea., had by title bond sold the one hundred acres to Aaron Wells, and that John Dea. had notice of this fact. As a matter of fact, however/ no title bond is produced, nor is it shown that Allison had actually conveyed to Aaron Wells, it being admitted that no such conveyance is of record. If we may indulge the presumptioú that Allison had conveyed by title bond to Wells, we may with equal propriety indulge the presumption that the title bond contained provisions excluding the idea that there was a grant to Wells of the bed of the stream. For aught we know Allison may have contracted to sell to John Dea prior to the time he contracted to sell to Wells; or, it may be that the contracts [805]*805were made about tbe same time, and that tbe surveyor surveyed both tracts at the same time and made the dividing line as indicated in the deeds. .Furthermore, there was nothing in the description contained in the deed from Allison to Dea calling for certain corners to Aaron Wells that put Allison' upon notice' of 'the fact that, even if he had contracted to convey to Wells, the description in the title bond called for land running with the meanders of the stream. It only notified him of the fact that a certain man by the name of Aaron Wells had two corners on the eastern bank of the creek. Nor was there anything in the deed from Gray to Allison,ref erring to the fact that Allison had conveyed one hundred acres to Aaron Wells, to indicate to Dea that one of fhe calls of such conveyance, even if it had been made, was for the meanders of the creek. In other words, there was no notice to Dea that the bed of the stream had been previously conveyed, or contracted to be conveyed to Aaron Wells. ' •
We, therefore, conclude that the question between the parties depended solely upon their titles of record. According to these titles, Allison had conveyed to John Dea, by deed of record, the entire bed of Johnson Fork and a portion of the eastern bank thereof about a year and a half prior to the time he conveyed to Aaron Wells, plaintiffs’ remote grantor; and Aaron Wells accepted’ his deed with full notice of this fact. The rule, that where a deed calls for meanders of a non-navigable stream the grantee takes title to the thread of the stream, does not apply where the grantor had by deed of record previously conveyed the bed of the stream to another. Penrod v. Bruce, 22 Ky. Law Rep., 1697.
Our conclusion, then, is that the division line between plaintiffs and defendants is that fixed by the old deeds, and tlxat plaintiffs have failed to show themselves entitled to the relief asked. Defendants, therefore, have the right to construct the fence along the line of the true boundary between their land and that of plaintiffs. In doing this, however, they will'as they have agreed, afford those plaintiffs, who have no access to the creek at other points, reasonable access thereto.
Judgment reversed and cause remanded, with directions to enter a judgment in conformity with this opinion.