SheewiN, C. J.
In May, 1899, the defendant issued to J. A. Robins, a member of its local camp of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, a benefit certificate for $2,000, in which his wife, the plaintiff herein, was named as the beneficiary. In February, 1902, Mr. Robins went to New Mexico for his health, leaving his wife and their young child in their home in Cedar Rapids, practically without means of support. Mrs. Robins left Cedar Rapids some time early in Tune, 1902, and went to Minneapolis, Minn., where she obtained employment. Mr. Robins returned to Cedar Rapids about the 1st of Tuly, 1902, found that his wife had left the city, and was informed by her mother that she had eloped with another man, and that she did not know where she was. Mr. Robins was then very ill, and went .to the home of Mr. Houstman, his wife’s father, where he remained until his death, on the 15th day of July, 1902. After his return to Cedar Rapids, and after he had been told that his wife had eloped, he applied for a new certificate, in which Mrs. Houstman, his wife’s mother, was to be named as the beneficiary. This certificate was issued on the 14th day of July, the day before Mr. Robins died. As soon as she learned of her husband’s death, Mrs. Robins returned to Cedar Rapids; reaching there about the last of August, 1902. She immediately took step» iO secure the amouht of the certificate in which she was named as beneficiarjy, and on the 8th day of September following her attorneys sent to the appellant’s head clerk at Rock Island, Ill., O. W. Hawes, sworn proof of the death of her [446]*446husband, and her claim as a beneficiary under the certificate issued -to him in 1899. This was accompanied by a letter giving the date and number of the certificate under which the claim was made. The letter was answered on the l’lth of October, 1902, by the general attorney of the appellant, Mr. J. G. Johnson, who resided at Peabody, Kan., where the letter was written. As the letter is of importance in determining the question before us, we set it out in full, as follows:
Messrs. Cooper, Clemans & Lamb, Cedar Rapids, Iowa — Gentlemen: Tour letter, written in behalf of Carrie L. Robins with a sworn statement of Mrs. Robins attached, showing the particulars as to the death of her husband, J. A. Robins, late of Cedar Rapids Camp, 5348, of our Order, has been referred by our Head Clerk to me, together with the office files in the case.
Our records show that the original certificate No'. 495673 was issued to J. A. Robins on April 18, 1899, the proceeds thereof being payable to Carrie L. Robins, related to him as his wife. On the 14th of July, 1902, Mr. Robins conforming to all the requirements of our By-laws, except one, made a change in the name of the beneficiary to whom he desired the proceeds of his certificate paid, and named Mrs. Clara Houstman as his beneficiary. He did not surrender the benefit certificate, as our By-laws require, but stated that it was, out of his possession and beyond his control and in the possession of his wife, his former beneficiary, and that she had eloped with another man. Hpon this statement, the Order did not insist upon the surrender of the benefit certificate, but issued him a new benefit certificate in lieu thereof, in which Mrs. Clara Houstman was named as his beneficiary.
All of the proofs of death have been made by Mrs. Houstman, showing the good standing of the neighbor at death, and that she holds the latest issued certificate, and she makes claim for the proceeds thereof. The money has not, as yet, been paid, and if there is going to be a contest at law over it, I should be glad to be advised at the earliest opportunity of that fact.
I do not think that your client can maintain a claim for the money. She has no vested interest in the certificate [447]*447during tbe lifetime of ber busband. Her interest was merely an expectancy, dependent upon bis dying in good standing in tbe order, and also upon bis having made no change in tbe beneficiary under bis contract prior to bis death. He bad a right to change bis beneficiary at any time, under our by-laws, by conforming to certain requirements of tbe Order. He conformed to all of these requirements, except one, and tbe Order waived that, as it bad a right to do, by issuing a new certificate with tbe new beneficiary named therein.
I would like to have your views on tbe matter, if not in accord with mine, as a discussion by correspondence of tbe points involved may straighten tbe matter out without tbe necessity of litigation. •
On tbe 13th of October, 1902, tbe plaintiff’s attorneys wrote a letter in answer to this one, in which they gave their reasons for claiming that tbe plaintiff was tbe rightful beneficiary and entitled to the amount of ber certificate, and in which they expressed the hope that tbe appellant would not pay tbe money to Mrs. Houstman on tbe second certificate, but would pay tbe sum into court, to be distributed upon a final determination of tbe case. Tbe receipt of this letter was acknowledged by Mr. Johnson’s clerk on tbe 15th of October, in a letter in which she stated that be was then attending a meeting of tbe board of directors of tbe appellant at Rock Island, Ill. On tbe 4th of November, Mr. Johnson himself wrote in answer thereto, and, after expressing his legal views on tbe questions discussed by tbe plaintiff’s attorneys in their letter, be concluded thus:
All that we want is to be protected in the payment of this money, so that we will not have to pay it twice. We certainly will not pay. this money out unless on an order of court. If you want to sue us, we will answer and ask to have Mrs. Houstman made a party. If she sues us, we will do the same by you. If neither of you sue us, whenever we get tired of bolding the money, we will commence a suit ourselves and ask to have you both brought in.
On November Ith Mr. Johnson was notified by letter [448]*448that suit on the certificate would be commenced at once, and on the 19th of the same month he was notified that it had been commenced. Notice of suit was sent to the appellant, at Rock Island, Ill., and by its officers forwarded to Mr. Johnson, at Peabody, Kan., who later acknowledged the receipt thereof in a letter to the plaintiff’s attorneys. On the 29th of November a copy of the petition was sent to Mr. Johnson, and early in January, 1903, the appellant filed its answer and cross-petition, in which it pleaded the facts relative to the issue of a new certificate naming Mrs. Iloustman as the beneficiary, and its inability to determine to whom the money should be paid. It asked that Mrs. Iloustman be made a party to the suit, and that it be permitted to pay the amount of the certificate to the clerk of the court, and be thereupon released from liability to either party. In January, 1903, after it had pleaded, the appellant, on the request of the plaintiff, furnished from its office in Nock Island a certified copy of the second certificate, ahd the application on which it was issued, and also a statement of the assessments paid as shown by the records. Early in April, 1903, the plaintiff pleaded to the defendant’s cross-petition,' and filed a cross-petition against Mrs. Houstman. Mrs. Houstman defaulted, and thereafter a decree was prepared by the plaintiff’s attorneys and submitted to Mr. Johnson, who approved the same in writing, and on the 24th of April, 1903, judgment was rendered against Mrs. Houstman and the appellant in accordance with the decree so approved, and Mr. Johnson then ordered the payment of the judgment.
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SheewiN, C. J.
In May, 1899, the defendant issued to J. A. Robins, a member of its local camp of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, a benefit certificate for $2,000, in which his wife, the plaintiff herein, was named as the beneficiary. In February, 1902, Mr. Robins went to New Mexico for his health, leaving his wife and their young child in their home in Cedar Rapids, practically without means of support. Mrs. Robins left Cedar Rapids some time early in Tune, 1902, and went to Minneapolis, Minn., where she obtained employment. Mr. Robins returned to Cedar Rapids about the 1st of Tuly, 1902, found that his wife had left the city, and was informed by her mother that she had eloped with another man, and that she did not know where she was. Mr. Robins was then very ill, and went .to the home of Mr. Houstman, his wife’s father, where he remained until his death, on the 15th day of July, 1902. After his return to Cedar Rapids, and after he had been told that his wife had eloped, he applied for a new certificate, in which Mrs. Houstman, his wife’s mother, was to be named as the beneficiary. This certificate was issued on the 14th day of July, the day before Mr. Robins died. As soon as she learned of her husband’s death, Mrs. Robins returned to Cedar Rapids; reaching there about the last of August, 1902. She immediately took step» iO secure the amouht of the certificate in which she was named as beneficiarjy, and on the 8th day of September following her attorneys sent to the appellant’s head clerk at Rock Island, Ill., O. W. Hawes, sworn proof of the death of her [446]*446husband, and her claim as a beneficiary under the certificate issued -to him in 1899. This was accompanied by a letter giving the date and number of the certificate under which the claim was made. The letter was answered on the l’lth of October, 1902, by the general attorney of the appellant, Mr. J. G. Johnson, who resided at Peabody, Kan., where the letter was written. As the letter is of importance in determining the question before us, we set it out in full, as follows:
Messrs. Cooper, Clemans & Lamb, Cedar Rapids, Iowa — Gentlemen: Tour letter, written in behalf of Carrie L. Robins with a sworn statement of Mrs. Robins attached, showing the particulars as to the death of her husband, J. A. Robins, late of Cedar Rapids Camp, 5348, of our Order, has been referred by our Head Clerk to me, together with the office files in the case.
Our records show that the original certificate No'. 495673 was issued to J. A. Robins on April 18, 1899, the proceeds thereof being payable to Carrie L. Robins, related to him as his wife. On the 14th of July, 1902, Mr. Robins conforming to all the requirements of our By-laws, except one, made a change in the name of the beneficiary to whom he desired the proceeds of his certificate paid, and named Mrs. Clara Houstman as his beneficiary. He did not surrender the benefit certificate, as our By-laws require, but stated that it was, out of his possession and beyond his control and in the possession of his wife, his former beneficiary, and that she had eloped with another man. Hpon this statement, the Order did not insist upon the surrender of the benefit certificate, but issued him a new benefit certificate in lieu thereof, in which Mrs. Clara Houstman was named as his beneficiary.
All of the proofs of death have been made by Mrs. Houstman, showing the good standing of the neighbor at death, and that she holds the latest issued certificate, and she makes claim for the proceeds thereof. The money has not, as yet, been paid, and if there is going to be a contest at law over it, I should be glad to be advised at the earliest opportunity of that fact.
I do not think that your client can maintain a claim for the money. She has no vested interest in the certificate [447]*447during tbe lifetime of ber busband. Her interest was merely an expectancy, dependent upon bis dying in good standing in tbe order, and also upon bis having made no change in tbe beneficiary under bis contract prior to bis death. He bad a right to change bis beneficiary at any time, under our by-laws, by conforming to certain requirements of tbe Order. He conformed to all of these requirements, except one, and tbe Order waived that, as it bad a right to do, by issuing a new certificate with tbe new beneficiary named therein.
I would like to have your views on tbe matter, if not in accord with mine, as a discussion by correspondence of tbe points involved may straighten tbe matter out without tbe necessity of litigation. •
On tbe 13th of October, 1902, tbe plaintiff’s attorneys wrote a letter in answer to this one, in which they gave their reasons for claiming that tbe plaintiff was tbe rightful beneficiary and entitled to the amount of ber certificate, and in which they expressed the hope that tbe appellant would not pay tbe money to Mrs. Houstman on tbe second certificate, but would pay tbe sum into court, to be distributed upon a final determination of tbe case. Tbe receipt of this letter was acknowledged by Mr. Johnson’s clerk on tbe 15th of October, in a letter in which she stated that be was then attending a meeting of tbe board of directors of tbe appellant at Rock Island, Ill. On tbe 4th of November, Mr. Johnson himself wrote in answer thereto, and, after expressing his legal views on tbe questions discussed by tbe plaintiff’s attorneys in their letter, be concluded thus:
All that we want is to be protected in the payment of this money, so that we will not have to pay it twice. We certainly will not pay. this money out unless on an order of court. If you want to sue us, we will answer and ask to have Mrs. Houstman made a party. If she sues us, we will do the same by you. If neither of you sue us, whenever we get tired of bolding the money, we will commence a suit ourselves and ask to have you both brought in.
On November Ith Mr. Johnson was notified by letter [448]*448that suit on the certificate would be commenced at once, and on the 19th of the same month he was notified that it had been commenced. Notice of suit was sent to the appellant, at Rock Island, Ill., and by its officers forwarded to Mr. Johnson, at Peabody, Kan., who later acknowledged the receipt thereof in a letter to the plaintiff’s attorneys. On the 29th of November a copy of the petition was sent to Mr. Johnson, and early in January, 1903, the appellant filed its answer and cross-petition, in which it pleaded the facts relative to the issue of a new certificate naming Mrs. Iloustman as the beneficiary, and its inability to determine to whom the money should be paid. It asked that Mrs. Iloustman be made a party to the suit, and that it be permitted to pay the amount of the certificate to the clerk of the court, and be thereupon released from liability to either party. In January, 1903, after it had pleaded, the appellant, on the request of the plaintiff, furnished from its office in Nock Island a certified copy of the second certificate, ahd the application on which it was issued, and also a statement of the assessments paid as shown by the records. Early in April, 1903, the plaintiff pleaded to the defendant’s cross-petition,' and filed a cross-petition against Mrs. Houstman. Mrs. Houstman defaulted, and thereafter a decree was prepared by the plaintiff’s attorneys and submitted to Mr. Johnson, who approved the same in writing, and on the 24th of April, 1903, judgment was rendered against Mrs. Houstman and the appellant in accordance with the decree so approved, and Mr. Johnson then ordered the payment of the judgment. On the 4th of May, 1903, Mr. O. W. Hawes, the head clerk, wrote to the plaintiff’s attorneys that the judgment could not be paid, because the claim of Mrs. Houstman under the second certificate had been audited by the board of directors on the 14th of August, and paid on the 18th of the same month. On the 20th of May, 1903, the appellant made application to have the decree vacated. The motion was overruled, and this appeal is from that order.
[449]*4491. New trial: newly discovered evidence. It is contended that the judgment should have been vacated because of mutual mistake and unavoidable casualty-and .misfortune, and because of newly discovered evidence. Taking these claims in their inverse order, we observe that the newly discovered evidence relied on is • • not specified in the motion for a new trial or in argument, but we infer from the latter that the appellant re-, lies on Mr. Johnson’s discovery that payment had been made to Mrs. Houstman. It is probably true that he did not know of such payment until after judgment, but the appellant had paid the claim through regular channels and in the usual way, and if its officers, whose duty it was to disclose all of the facts of the case to its legal adviser, neglected to do so, it cannot now successfully assert that the delayed information to him constituted newly discovered evidence entitling it to a new trial. This proposition is so self-evident that we need cite no authorities in support thereof.
2. New trial: inadvertence or mistake; evidence. We have given an unusually full history of the case, believing that an understanding of the facts will furnish the best argument that can be made in support of the decision of trial court. The record fails to show an unavoidable casualty or misfortune, or any mis:-take not directly attributable to the gross negligence of the appellant. All of the facts relative to the payment of the claim to Mrs. Houstman were known to the appellant before the claim of the appellee was made on the 8th of September, 1902. It was also fully advised of the ap-pellee’s claim, and of the probable conflict between, the two beneficiaries, before the suit was in fact brought, and forwarded the plaintiff’s proof of death and letter to its attorney at Peabody, Kan. Later it was duly served with notice of suit, which its home office also sent to its attorney; and still later the home office, when called upon to do so by its attorney, furnished the plaintiff certified copies of the second certificate, and the application on which it was issued. And yet all of these transactions did not suggest to the appellant’s [450]*450executive officers in Rock Island that the certificate issued to Mrs. Hcustman had been paid, and that it might be well to so advise its attorney. No excuse for not doing so was presented — not even the excuse that the matter had been forgotten. That a new trial should not be granted when the party has been so grossly negligent is fundamental. Church v. Lacy, 102 Iowa, 235; Ennis v. Building Ass’n, 102 Iowa, 520; White v. Poorman, 24 Iowa, 108.
Whether the appellant had a good defense to the action, we need not determine. The order refusing to vacate the judgment was clearly right, and it is affirmed.