1 2 FILED IN THE U.S. DISTRICT COURT 3 EASTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON Nov 22, 2021 4 SEAN F. MCAVOY, CLERK 5 6 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 EASTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON 8 9 ALAN D. ROBERTSON, No. 2:21-CV-00064-SAB 10 Plaintiff, 11 v. ORDER DENYING 12 LORNE A. DORN; and KIM DORN, DEFENDANTS’ MOTION FOR 13 Defendant. PROTECTIVE ORDER 14 15 Before the Court is Defendants’ Motion for Protective Order, ECF No. 44. 16 The motion was considered without oral argument. Plaintiff is represented by 17 David Beninger; J. Andrew Hoyal, II; Mark Kamitomo; Patricia Anderson; and 18 George Ahrend. Defendants are represented by Donald Guthrie and Patricia 19 Buchanan. 20 Defendants request that the Court issue a protective order pursuant to 21 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 26, 33, and 34. ECF No. 44. Defendants argue 22 that Plaintiff’s discovery requests seek privileged records, are harassing and unduly 23 burdensome, and are not reasonably tailored to lead to the discovery of admissible 24 evidence. Plaintiff in response argues that all of the requested discovery is relevant, 25 not overbroad, and not protected by privilege. ECF No. 48. For the reasons 26 discussed below, the Court denies Defendants’ motion. 27 // 28 1 Facts 2 The following facts are taken from the briefing regarding Defendants’ 3 Motion for Protective Order, ECF Nos. 44, 48, 51. 4 On January 30, 2020, sometime in the afternoon or evening, Plaintiff Alan 5 Robertson pulled over in his car when he saw an injured deer in the roadway. As 6 Plaintiff was dragging the deer to the side of the road, Defendants Lorne and Kim 7 Dorn drove down the road and struck Plaintiff with their pickup truck—Mr. Dorn 8 was driving, while Mrs. Dorn was in the passenger seat. Defendants were on their 9 way home from skiing at Red Mountain in British Columbia when they hit 10 Plaintiff. Defendants allege that they did not see Plaintiff or the deer in the road at 11 the time of the collision. 12 Procedural Background 13 Plaintiff filed his Complaint in the Stevens County Superior Court on 14 November 16, 2020. ECF No. 1-1. In the Complaint, Plaintiff named Defendants 15 Lorne and Kim Dorn; Desjardins General Insurance Group d/b/a Certas Home and 16 Auto Insurance Company (“Certas”); and any other John Does that may have 17 liability arising from the collision. Plaintiff asserted claims for breach of express or 18 implied terms and conditions of the insurance contract; violations of the Consumer 19 Protection Act; negligence; and estoppel from denying insurance coverage or 20 benefits. 21 Defendants removed the case to federal court on January 28, 2021, based on 22 diversity jurisdiction. ECF No. 1. On March 3, 2021, Defendant Certas filed a 23 Motion for Summary Judgment. Judge Rosanna Peterson granted the motion on 24 August 6, 2021, thereby dismissing Certas from the case. ECF No. 27. The case 25 was then reassigned to Chief Judge Stanley A. Bastian on October 21, 2021. ECF 26 No. 43. 27 Defendants filed their Motion for Protective Order on October 21, 2021. 28 ECF No. 44. Jury trial in this case is currently scheduled for April 18, 2022. The 1 Court has scheduled a telephonic status conference for December 3, 2021 to 2 discuss the case deadlines set by Judge Peterson. ECF Nos. 41, 46. 3 Legal Standard 4 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26 provides that a party may obtain 5 discovery of any nonprivileged matter that is relevant to a party’s claim or defense 6 and is proportionate to the needs of their case. Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(1). Evidence 7 need not be admissible at trial to be discoverable. Id. For discovery purposes, 8 relevance only requires that the materials sought are reasonably calculated to lead 9 to the discovery of admissible evidence. Oppenheimer Fund v. Sanders, 437 U.S. 10 340, 351 (1978). 11 Rule 26 also provides the Court with authority to enter protective orders on a 12 party’s motion and forbid or limit discovery of certain evidence. Fed. R. Civ. P. 13 26(c)(1). The Court may, if supported by a finding of good cause, issue a 14 protective order to protect a party from annoyance, embarrassment, oppression, or 15 undue burden or expense. Id. The party seeking the protective order must show a 16 specific prejudice or harm that will result if the protective order is not granted. In 17 re Roman Catholic Archbishop of Portland in Oregon, 661 F.3d 417, 424 (9th Cir. 18 2011). 19 Discussion 20 Defendants object to Plaintiff’s requests for the following information: 21 (1) all of Defendant Lorne Dorn’s medical records relating to optometry, 22 ophthalmology, and Lasik examination/procedures; (2) Defendant Lorne Dorn’s 23 medical records from his primary care provider for the last 10 years; (3) all cell 24 phone location data and call metadata from Defendants’ cell phones and cell phone 25 service providers; (4) a copy of Defendants’ credit and/or debit cards that were in 26 effect on January 30, 2020, as well as receipts/statements from these cards for 27 January 30, 2020. 28 // 1 First, Defendants object to the requests for medical records because (1) 2 Plaintiff has not disclosed an expert that is qualified to provide opinions on Mr. 3 Dorn’s optometry, ophthalmology, and Lasik records or his general medical 4 records; (2) the burden of these requests outweigh the benefit of any potentially 5 responsive information; and (3) these records are privileged under Wash. Rev. 6 Code § 5.60.060(4). Second, Defendants object to the request for cell phone 7 location data and metadata because (1) Plaintiff has not disclosed an expert that is 8 qualified to provide opinions on this data; and (2) this data pertains to an issue that 9 is not disputed by the parties, and thus the request is harassing and will only obtain 10 cumulative evidence. Finally, Defendants object to the request for credit/debit card 11 receipts and statements from January 30, 2020 because (1) Defendants’ actions and 12 whereabouts on the date in question are not in dispute and (2) given that these 13 records contain sensitive personal financial information, this request is unduly 14 burdensome. 15 Plaintiff in response argues that, though he would have agreed to limiting 16 dissemination of the requested discovery, the Court should deny Defendants’ 17 motion to bar discovery. Plaintiff argues that the requested discovery is both 18 relevant and proportionate to the needs the case. First, Plaintiff argues that the 19 medical records—particularly the optometry/ophthalmology/Lasik records—are 20 necessary to help determine why Mr. Dorn did not see Plaintiff or slow down his 21 vehicle, despite there allegedly being 1,030 feet and up to 15 seconds of visibility 22 between when Defendants came upon Plaintiff and when they struck him. Second, 23 Plaintiff argues that the cell phone data is necessary to determine exactly what time 24 the collision occurred and thereby determine how much light was remaining at the 25 time of the collision. Defendants allege that the collision occurred at approximately 26 5:15 p.m., which they estimate based on the time that Mrs. Dorn made a call on her 27 cell phone prior to the collision. Defendants also allege that it was already dark 28 when they struck Plaintiff and that Plaintiff was not at all visible in the road. 1 Plaintiff, on the other hand, identifies two witnesses who arrived at the scene, both 2 of whom allege that it remained light until well after the collision occurred.
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1 2 FILED IN THE U.S. DISTRICT COURT 3 EASTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON Nov 22, 2021 4 SEAN F. MCAVOY, CLERK 5 6 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 EASTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON 8 9 ALAN D. ROBERTSON, No. 2:21-CV-00064-SAB 10 Plaintiff, 11 v. ORDER DENYING 12 LORNE A. DORN; and KIM DORN, DEFENDANTS’ MOTION FOR 13 Defendant. PROTECTIVE ORDER 14 15 Before the Court is Defendants’ Motion for Protective Order, ECF No. 44. 16 The motion was considered without oral argument. Plaintiff is represented by 17 David Beninger; J. Andrew Hoyal, II; Mark Kamitomo; Patricia Anderson; and 18 George Ahrend. Defendants are represented by Donald Guthrie and Patricia 19 Buchanan. 20 Defendants request that the Court issue a protective order pursuant to 21 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 26, 33, and 34. ECF No. 44. Defendants argue 22 that Plaintiff’s discovery requests seek privileged records, are harassing and unduly 23 burdensome, and are not reasonably tailored to lead to the discovery of admissible 24 evidence. Plaintiff in response argues that all of the requested discovery is relevant, 25 not overbroad, and not protected by privilege. ECF No. 48. For the reasons 26 discussed below, the Court denies Defendants’ motion. 27 // 28 1 Facts 2 The following facts are taken from the briefing regarding Defendants’ 3 Motion for Protective Order, ECF Nos. 44, 48, 51. 4 On January 30, 2020, sometime in the afternoon or evening, Plaintiff Alan 5 Robertson pulled over in his car when he saw an injured deer in the roadway. As 6 Plaintiff was dragging the deer to the side of the road, Defendants Lorne and Kim 7 Dorn drove down the road and struck Plaintiff with their pickup truck—Mr. Dorn 8 was driving, while Mrs. Dorn was in the passenger seat. Defendants were on their 9 way home from skiing at Red Mountain in British Columbia when they hit 10 Plaintiff. Defendants allege that they did not see Plaintiff or the deer in the road at 11 the time of the collision. 12 Procedural Background 13 Plaintiff filed his Complaint in the Stevens County Superior Court on 14 November 16, 2020. ECF No. 1-1. In the Complaint, Plaintiff named Defendants 15 Lorne and Kim Dorn; Desjardins General Insurance Group d/b/a Certas Home and 16 Auto Insurance Company (“Certas”); and any other John Does that may have 17 liability arising from the collision. Plaintiff asserted claims for breach of express or 18 implied terms and conditions of the insurance contract; violations of the Consumer 19 Protection Act; negligence; and estoppel from denying insurance coverage or 20 benefits. 21 Defendants removed the case to federal court on January 28, 2021, based on 22 diversity jurisdiction. ECF No. 1. On March 3, 2021, Defendant Certas filed a 23 Motion for Summary Judgment. Judge Rosanna Peterson granted the motion on 24 August 6, 2021, thereby dismissing Certas from the case. ECF No. 27. The case 25 was then reassigned to Chief Judge Stanley A. Bastian on October 21, 2021. ECF 26 No. 43. 27 Defendants filed their Motion for Protective Order on October 21, 2021. 28 ECF No. 44. Jury trial in this case is currently scheduled for April 18, 2022. The 1 Court has scheduled a telephonic status conference for December 3, 2021 to 2 discuss the case deadlines set by Judge Peterson. ECF Nos. 41, 46. 3 Legal Standard 4 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26 provides that a party may obtain 5 discovery of any nonprivileged matter that is relevant to a party’s claim or defense 6 and is proportionate to the needs of their case. Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(1). Evidence 7 need not be admissible at trial to be discoverable. Id. For discovery purposes, 8 relevance only requires that the materials sought are reasonably calculated to lead 9 to the discovery of admissible evidence. Oppenheimer Fund v. Sanders, 437 U.S. 10 340, 351 (1978). 11 Rule 26 also provides the Court with authority to enter protective orders on a 12 party’s motion and forbid or limit discovery of certain evidence. Fed. R. Civ. P. 13 26(c)(1). The Court may, if supported by a finding of good cause, issue a 14 protective order to protect a party from annoyance, embarrassment, oppression, or 15 undue burden or expense. Id. The party seeking the protective order must show a 16 specific prejudice or harm that will result if the protective order is not granted. In 17 re Roman Catholic Archbishop of Portland in Oregon, 661 F.3d 417, 424 (9th Cir. 18 2011). 19 Discussion 20 Defendants object to Plaintiff’s requests for the following information: 21 (1) all of Defendant Lorne Dorn’s medical records relating to optometry, 22 ophthalmology, and Lasik examination/procedures; (2) Defendant Lorne Dorn’s 23 medical records from his primary care provider for the last 10 years; (3) all cell 24 phone location data and call metadata from Defendants’ cell phones and cell phone 25 service providers; (4) a copy of Defendants’ credit and/or debit cards that were in 26 effect on January 30, 2020, as well as receipts/statements from these cards for 27 January 30, 2020. 28 // 1 First, Defendants object to the requests for medical records because (1) 2 Plaintiff has not disclosed an expert that is qualified to provide opinions on Mr. 3 Dorn’s optometry, ophthalmology, and Lasik records or his general medical 4 records; (2) the burden of these requests outweigh the benefit of any potentially 5 responsive information; and (3) these records are privileged under Wash. Rev. 6 Code § 5.60.060(4). Second, Defendants object to the request for cell phone 7 location data and metadata because (1) Plaintiff has not disclosed an expert that is 8 qualified to provide opinions on this data; and (2) this data pertains to an issue that 9 is not disputed by the parties, and thus the request is harassing and will only obtain 10 cumulative evidence. Finally, Defendants object to the request for credit/debit card 11 receipts and statements from January 30, 2020 because (1) Defendants’ actions and 12 whereabouts on the date in question are not in dispute and (2) given that these 13 records contain sensitive personal financial information, this request is unduly 14 burdensome. 15 Plaintiff in response argues that, though he would have agreed to limiting 16 dissemination of the requested discovery, the Court should deny Defendants’ 17 motion to bar discovery. Plaintiff argues that the requested discovery is both 18 relevant and proportionate to the needs the case. First, Plaintiff argues that the 19 medical records—particularly the optometry/ophthalmology/Lasik records—are 20 necessary to help determine why Mr. Dorn did not see Plaintiff or slow down his 21 vehicle, despite there allegedly being 1,030 feet and up to 15 seconds of visibility 22 between when Defendants came upon Plaintiff and when they struck him. Second, 23 Plaintiff argues that the cell phone data is necessary to determine exactly what time 24 the collision occurred and thereby determine how much light was remaining at the 25 time of the collision. Defendants allege that the collision occurred at approximately 26 5:15 p.m., which they estimate based on the time that Mrs. Dorn made a call on her 27 cell phone prior to the collision. Defendants also allege that it was already dark 28 when they struck Plaintiff and that Plaintiff was not at all visible in the road. 1 Plaintiff, on the other hand, identifies two witnesses who arrived at the scene, both 2 of whom allege that it remained light until well after the collision occurred. Thus, 3 Plaintiff argues that Defendants’ cell phone location and call metadata will help 4 pinpoint the time and the light levels at the time of the collision. Finally, Plaintiff 5 argues that the credit/debit card receipts/statements are necessary because these too 6 can help corroborate the time of the collision (i.e., show what time Defendants 7 departed Red Mountain). 8 The Court denies Defendants’ motion. Plaintiff’s Complaint asserts that 9 Defendants were negligent in causing the collision. Plaintiff’s requested discovery 10 could help shed light on whether Defendants were negligent, specifically whether 11 Mr. Dorn had any medical or vision impairments that would have prevented him 12 from driving in a reasonably safe manner and whether there was sufficient light 13 such that Mr. Dorn should have been able to see Plaintiff in the road and/or stop 14 his vehicle prior to running him over. Thus, the Court finds the requested discovery 15 is both relevant to Plaintiff’s claims and proportionate to the needs of his case. 16 Moreover, Mr. Dorn’s medical records are not protected under Wash. Rev. 17 Code § 5.60.060(4). A federal court sitting in diversity must apply the conflict of 18 law rules of the state in which it sits. Klaxon Co. v. Stentor Elec. Mfg. Co., 313 19 U.S. 487, 496 (1941). Washington courts rely on the Restatement (Second) of 20 Conflict of Laws to determine which state’s privilege laws apply. State v. 21 Donahue, 105 Wash. App. 67, 71 (2001). Under the Restatement, “[e]vidence that 22 is not privileged under the local law of the state which has the most significant 23 relationship with the communication will be admitted, even though it would be 24 privileged under the local law of the forum, unless the admission of such evidence 25 would be contrary to the strong public policy of the forum.” Restatement (Second) 26 of Conflicts of Law § 139(1). 27 Here, Defendants are citizens of Canada and reside in Alberta. ECF No. 30 28 at ¶ 1.2. Plaintiff alleges that all of the medical records he is requesting from Mr. Dorn are from Alberta medical providers. Thus, Plaintiff argues—and the Court agrees—that Alberta is the state with the most significant relationship with the 3|| medical records. Under Alberta law, “[a] custodian may disclose individually identifying diagnostic, treatment and care information without the consent of the 5!| individual who is the subject of the information . . . (h) for the purpose of a court proceeding|.]” Health Information Act, R.S.A. 2000, c H-5, § 35(1)(h). Additionally, Defendants have not demonstrated that admission of this evidence would be contrary to the strong public policy of Washington. Thus, under the 9)| applicable law of the case, Mr. Dorn’s medical records are not protected by privilege. 11 Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED: 12 1. Defendants’ Motion for Protective Order, ECF No. 44, is DENIED. 13 IT IS SO ORDERED. The District Court Clerk is hereby directed to file this Order and provide copies to counsel. 15 DATED this 22nd day of November 2021. 16 17 18 ‘ 9 Sfrabeyld Eee thar 20 Stanley A. Bastian 21 Chief United States District Judge 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 ORDER DENYING DEFENDANTS’ MOTION FOR PROTECTIVE