Roberts v. Olson

• Court: District Court, S.D. California
• Decided: October 12, 2022
• Docket: 3:22-cv-01373
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 TINA LOUISE ROBERTS, Case No.: 22-CV-1373 JLS (BLM)

12 Plaintiff, ORDER (1) GRANTING 13 v. PLAINTIFF’S MOTIONS TO PROCEED IN FORMA PAUPERIS 14 CARI OLSON and MATT MILLES, AND (2) DISMISSING WITHOUT 15 Defendants. PREJUDICE PLAINTIFF’S COMPLAINT 16

17 (ECF No. 1, 2, 5) 18 19 20 21 Presently before the Court is Plaintiff Tina Louise Roberts’ Complaint (“Compl.,” 22 ECF No. 1) and Motions to Proceed In Forma Pauperis (“IFP”) (ECF Nos. 2, 5). Plaintiff 23 appears to assert that Defendants Matt Milles and Cari Olson (collectively, “Defendants”) 24 removed money from Plaintiff’s bank account without authorization and that she was 25 assaulted by one or more of Defendants. See generally Compl. Having carefully 26 considered Plaintiff’s Complaint, her IFP Motions, and the applicable law, the Court 27 GRANTS Plaintiff’s IFP Motions and DISMISSES WITHOUT PREJUDICE Plaintiff’s 28 Complaint for the reasons that follow. 1 MOTIONS TO PROCEED IN FORMA PAUPERIS 2 All parties instituting a civil action, suit, or proceeding in a district court of the 3 United States, other than a petition for writ of habeas corpus, must pay a filing fee of $402.1 4 28 U.S.C. § 1914(a). An action may proceed despite a party’s failure to pay the filing fee 5 only if the party is granted leave to proceed IFP pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(1). 6 Section 1915(a)(1) provides: 7 [A]ny court of the United States may authorize the commencement, prosecution or defense of any suit, action or 8 proceeding . . . without prepayment of fees or security therefor, 9 by a person who submits an affidavit that includes a statement of all assets such [person] possesses that the person is unable to pay 10 such fees or give security therefor. 11

12 As § 1915(a)(1) does not itself define what constitutes insufficient assets to warrant IFP 13 status, the determination of indigency falls within the district court’s discretion. See Cal. 14 Men’s Colony v. Rowland, 939 F.2d 854, 858 (9th Cir. 1991) (“Section 1915 typically 15 requires the reviewing court to exercise its sound discretion in determining whether the 16 affiant has satisfied the statute’s requirement of indigency.”), reversed on other grounds 17 by 506 U.S. 194 (1993). “An affidavit in support of an IFP application is sufficient where 18 it alleges that the affiant cannot pay the court costs and still afford the necessities of life.” 19 Escobedo v. Applebees, 787 F.3d 1226, 1234 (9th Cir. 2015) (citing Adkins v. E.I. Du Pont 20 de Nemours & Co., 335 U.S. 331, 339 (1948)). “One need not be absolutely destitute to 21 obtain benefits of the [IFP] statute.” Jefferson v. United States, 277 F.2d 723, 725 (9th Cir. 22 1960). “Nevertheless, a plaintiff seeking IFP status must allege poverty ‘with some 23 particularity, definiteness[,] and certainty.’” Escobedo, 787 F.3d at 1234. 24 / / / 25

26 1 In addition to the $350 statutory fee, civil litigants must pay an additional administrative fee of $52. See 27 28 U.S.C. § 1914(a) (Judicial Conference Schedule of Fees, District Court Misc. Fee Schedule, § 14 (eff. 28 Dec. 1, 2020)). The additional $52 administrative fee does not apply to persons granted leave to proceed 1 Plaintiff has filed two Motions to Proceed In Forma Pauperis. See ECF Nos. 2, 5. 2 The information contained in the two motions differs considerably. In the first Motion to 3 Proceed In Forma Pauperis (“First IFP Mot.,” ECF No. 2), Plaintiff claims a monthly 4 income of $1,176.21, monthly expenses of $3,852, cash holdings of $39, and no assets. 5 See generally First IFP Mot. In the second Motion to Proceed In Forma Pauperis (“Second 6 IFP Mot.,” ECF No. 5), Plaintiff claims a monthly income of $1,244.26, monthly expenses 7 of $20,247, cash holdings of $3, and other assets valued at roughly $6,200. See generally 8 Second IFP Mot. While the differences between the two motions reduce the certainty of 9 Plaintiff’s actual economic situation, under either motion, Plaintiff appears unable to pay 10 the requisite fees and costs. Accordingly, the Court GRANTS Plaintiff’s Motions to 11 Proceed IFP. 12 SCREENING PURSUANT TO 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2) 13 Because Plaintiff is proceeding in forma pauperis (“IFP”), her Complaint requires a 14 pre-answer screening pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2). See, e.g., Calhoun v. Stahl, 254 15 F.3d 845, 845 (9th Cir. 2002) (per curiam) (holding 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2) screening 16 applies to non-prisoners proceeding IFP); see also Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1126– 17 27 (9th Cir. 2000) (en banc) (discussing 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)). Under this statute, the 18 Court must sua sponte dismiss a complaint, or any portion of it, that is frivolous, is 19 malicious, fails to state a claim, or seeks damages from defendants who are immune. See 20 Lopez, 203 F.3d at 1126–27. “The purpose of [screening] is ‘to ensure that the targets of 21 frivolous or malicious suits need not bear the expense of responding.’” Nordstrom v. Ryan, 22 762 F.3d 903, 920 n.1 (9th Cir. 2014) (citations omitted). 23 “The standard for determining whether a plaintiff has failed to state a claim upon 24 which relief can be granted under § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii) is the same as the Federal Rule of 25 Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) standard for failure to state a claim.” Watison v. Carter, 668 F.3d 26 1108, 1112 (9th Cir. 2012). Rule 12(b)(6) requires a complaint “contain sufficient factual 27 matter, accepted as true, to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.” Ashcroft v. 28 Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (internal quotation marks omitted); Wilhelm, 680 F.3d at 1 1121. Detailed factual allegations are not required, but “[t]hreadbare recitals of the 2 elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements, do not suffice.” 3 Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. “Determining whether a complaint states a plausible claim for relief 4 [is] . . . a context-specific task that requires the reviewing court to draw on its judicial 5 experience and common sense.” Id. The “mere possibility of misconduct” or “unadorned, 6 the defendant-unlawfully-harmed me accusation[s]” fall short of meeting this plausibility 7 standard. Id.; see also Moss v. U.S. Secret Serv., 572 F.3d 962, 969 (9th Cir. 2009). 8 Moreover, “[t]he Court has an independent obligation to determine whether it has 9 subject-matter jurisdiction.” Cox v. Lee, No. CV-20-0275-PHX-DMF, 2020 WL 1904625, 10 at *2 (D. Ariz. Apr. 17, 2020) (citing Ruhrgas AG v. Marathon Oil Co., 526 U.S. 574, 583 11 (1999)); see also Henderson ex rel. Henderson v. Shinseki, 562 U.S. 428, 434 (2011) 12 (“[F]ederal courts have an independent obligation to ensure that they do not exceed the 13 scope of their jurisdiction, and therefore they must raise and decide jurisdictional questions 14 that the parties either overlook or elect not to press.”) (citation omitted). Federal courts are 15 “obliged to inquire sua sponte whenever a doubt arises as to the existence of federal 16 jurisdiction.” Mt. Healthy City Sch. Dist. Bd. of Educ. v. Doyle, 429 U.S. 274, 278 (1977) 17 (citations omitted). Federal district courts “may not grant relief absent a constitutional or 18 valid statutory grant of jurisdiction” and are “presumed to lack jurisdiction in a particular 19 case unless the contrary affirmatively appears.” A–Z Int’l v. Phillips, 323 F.3d 1141, 1145 20 (9th Cir. 2003) (internal quotations omitted). Congress has conferred on the district courts 21 original jurisdiction over both federal question cases and diversity cases. Exxon Mobil 22 Corp. v. Allapattah Serv., Inc., 545 U.S. 546, 552 (2005). Federal question cases are civil 23 actions that arise under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States. 28 U.S.C. 24 § 1331. Diversity cases are civil actions between citizens of different States; between U.S. 25 citizens and foreign citizens; or by foreign states against U.S. citizens which exceed a 26 specific amount in controversy, currently $75,000. Id. § 1332. 27 “When a court does not have jurisdiction to hear an action, the claim is considered 28 frivolous.” Johnson v. E. Band Cherokee Nation, 718 F. Supp. 6, 6 (N.D.N.Y. 1989). 1 Pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(h)(3), “[i]f the court determines at any time 2 that it lacks subject-matter jurisdiction, the court must dismiss the action” (emphasis 3 added). As the plain language of Rule 12(h)(3) suggests, this requirement is mandatory. 4 See Arbaugh v. Y&H Corp., 546 U.S. 500, 514 (2006) (noting that “subject-matter 5 jurisdiction, because it involves a court’s power to hear a case, can never be forfeited or 6 waived”; therefore, “when a federal court concludes that it lacks subject-matter 7 jurisdiction, the court must dismiss the complaint in its entirety” (citation omitted)). 8 Courts have a duty to construe a pro se litigant’s pleadings liberally. See Karim- 9 Panahi v. L.A. Police Dep’t, 839 F.2d 621, 623 (9th Cir. 1988). The district court should 10 grant leave to amend if it appears “at all possible that the plaintiff can correct the defect,” 11 unless the court determines that “the pleading could not possibly be cured by the allegation 12 of other facts.” Lopez, 203 F.3d at 1130–31 (citing Doe v. United States, 58 F.3d 494, 497 13 (9th Cir. 1995); Balistreri v. Pacifica Police Dep’t, 901 F.2d 696, 701 (9th Cir. 1990)). 14 ANALYSIS 15 Here, Plaintiff’s Complaint is subject to dismissal both because the Court lacks 16 subject-matter jurisdiction over the Complaint as pleaded and because Plaintiff fails to state 17 a claim for relief. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8 requires a complaint to include “(1) a 18 short and plain statement of the grounds for the court’s jurisdiction, . . . [and] (2) a short 19 and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” Fed. R. Civ. 20 P. 8(a). “Violations of this Rule warrant dismissal.” Knapp v. Hogan, 738 F.3d 1106, 21 1109 (9th Cir. 2013). 22 Plaintiff’s Complaint “is silent as to jurisdiction,” rendering it “subject to dismissal 23 for violation of Rule 8.” Toussaint v. Venante, Case No. 22-CV-245 JLS (AGH), 2022 24 WL 891112, at *2 (S.D. Cal. Mar. 25, 2022). Even forgiving this deficiency and construing 25 Plaintiff’s pro se Complaint liberally, the allegations contained therein do not provide a 26 sufficient basis for this Court to infer that subject-matter jurisdiction exists. Facially, 27 Plaintiff’s embezzlement and assault claims do not arise under the Constitution, laws, or 28 treaties of the United States, and therefore do not provide a basis for federal question 1 jurisdiction. Additionally, the Complaint does not contain sufficient facts to determine 2 whether diversity jurisdiction exists. Id. “‘The essential elements of diversity jurisdiction, 3 including the diverse residence of all parties, must be affirmatively alleged in the 4 pleadings.’” Bautista v. Pan Am. World Airlines, Inc., 828 F.2d 546, 552 (9th Cir. 1987) 5 (quoting In re Mexico City Aircrash, 708 F.2d 400, 404 n.4 (9th Cir. 1983)). While 6 Plaintiff requests $175,000 in damages, thus meeting the amount-in-controversy 7 requirement for diversity jurisdiction, it is unclear whether the parties are diverse, as 8 Plaintiff fails to plead Defendants’ citizenship. As a result, Plaintiff has not presented a 9 sufficient basis for federal jurisdiction in this case. 10 The Court concludes that the Complaint must be dismissed for failure to allege a 11 basis for subject-matter jurisdiction. For these reasons, the Court DISMISSES 12 WITHOUT PREJUDICE Plaintiff’s Complaint. 13 CONCLUSION 14 In light of the foregoing, the Court DISMISSES WITHOUT PREJUDICE 15 Plaintiff’s Complaint pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2) for lack of federal subject-matter 16 jurisdiction. The Court GRANTS Plaintiff thirty (30) days from the date on which this 17 Order is electronically docketed to file an amended complaint curing the deficiencies 18 identified above. 19 Any amended filing must be complete in itself, without reference to Plaintiff’s 20 Complaint. Any claim not realleged in Plaintiff’s amended complaint will be considered 21 waived. See S.D. Cal. CivLR 15.1; Hal Roach Studios, Inc. v. Richard Feiner & Co., Inc., 22 896 F.2d 1542, 1546 (9th Cir. 1989) (“[A]n amended pleading supersedes the original.”); 23 see also Lacey v. Maricopa Cnty., 693 F.3d 896, 928 (9th Cir. 2012) (noting that claims 24 dismissed with leave to amend which are not realleged in an amended pleading may be 25 “considered waived”). 26 Should Plaintiff fail to file an amended complaint within thirty (30) days, the court 27 will enter a final Order dismissing this civil action based on Plaintiff’s failure to state a 28 claim upon which relief can be granted pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2), lack of 1 || subject-matter jurisdiction, and Plaintiff’s failure to prosecute in compliance with a 2 || court order requiring amendment. See Lira v. Herrera, 427 F.3d 1164, 1169 (9th Cir. 3 2005) (“If a plaintiff does not take advantage of the opportunity to fix his complaint, a 4 || district court may convert the dismissal of the complaint into dismissal of the entire 5 || action.”). 6 IT IS SO ORDERED. 7 ||Dated: October 12, 2022 psi AL. brmonaitenue- 8 on. Janis L. Sammartino 9 United States District Judge 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28