IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
DAELA M. ROBERTS1, § § No. 305, 2019 Respondent Below, § Appellant, § § v. § Court Below – Family Court § of the State of Delaware JARRETT BLOCKER, § § File No. CN07-03783 Petitioner Below, § Petition No. 17-06091 Appellee. § § §
Submitted: July 10, 2020 Decided: September 29, 2020
Before SEITZ, Chief Justice; TRAYNOR and MONTGOMERY-REEVES, Justices.
ORDER
After consideration of the parties’ briefs, the joint motion to strike, and the
record on appeal, it appears to the Court that:
(1) The appellant, Daela M. Roberts (“the Mother”), filed this appeal from
a Family Court order, dated June 28, 2019, that granted the petition to modify
custody filed by the appellee Jarrett Blocker (“the Father”). We find no error or
1 The Court previously assigned pseudonyms to the parties under Supreme Court Rule 7(d). abuse of discretion in the Family Court’s decision. Accordingly, we affirm the
Family Court’s judgment.
(2) The Mother and the Father are the parents of a son born in 2006 (“the
Child”). Beginning in 2007, the parties litigated custody, petitions for protection
from abuse (“PFA”), and rules to show cause. In 2008, the Family Court granted
joint custody of the Child to the parents and primary residence of the Child to the
Mother. Disputes between the parents concerning the Father’s visitation led to
additional petitions and hearings. In 2011, the Family Court restricted the Father’s
contact with the Child to supervised visitation at the visitation center based on
delusional comments that the Father had made and his failure to obtain a
psychological evaluation.
(3) In 2013, the Father filed a petition for a rule to show cause, alleging
that the Mother refused to bring the Child to the visitation center. In response, the
Family Court continued joint custody and the Father’s supervised visitation, but it
eliminated his phone contact with the Child. The court also granted the Mother final
decision-making authority in the areas of medical care and counseling. Thereafter,
the Father had little contact with the Child, but he did not file any additional
petitions.
(4) On February 20, 2017, the Department of Services for Children, Youth
and their Families (“DSCYF”) filed a petition for ex parte custody of the Child.
2 DSCYF alleged that the Mother was mentally and medically abusing the Child and
that the Father was not involved in the Child’s life. The Family Court awarded
temporary custody of the Child to DSCYF. On February 21, 2017, DSCYF filed a
dependency/neglect petition for custody of the Child.
(5) The Father filed an answer to DSCYF’s petition, denying that the Child
would be dependent in his care. The Father also filed a petition to modify custody,
alleging the Child had experienced abuse in the Mother’s care, averring that it was
no longer in the Child’s best interest for the parents to have joint custody, and
seeking primary residence of the Child. In her answer to the Father’s petition, the
Mother sought sole custody and primary residence of the Child.
(6) In the DSCYF proceeding, the Family Court appointed an attorney to
represent the Mother and an attorney to represent the Child. At the preliminary
protective hearing, the Mother stipulated to probable cause for dependency of the
Child based on her inability to handle his mental health needs and her fear of him.
The Father also stipulated to dependency because he had not had contact with the
Child in several years. DSCYF planned to explore placement of the Child with the
Father. At a May 26, 2017 adjudicatory hearing, the parties agreed to dismiss the
DSCYF petition and enter an interim stipulation (“Interim Stipulation”) regarding
custody.
3 (7) Under the Interim Stipulation, the parents had joint custody, but the
Father had final decision-making authority in the event of a disagreement. The
Father had primary residence of the Child. The Mother had supervised visitation at
one of two visitation centers. The Mother and the Child were to participate in
individual counseling. They were also to participate in family counseling once the
Mother’s counselor, the Child’s counselor, and the family counselor agreed that
family counseling was appropriate. As part of her individual counseling, the Mother
was supposed to follow the recommendations of a social worker who performed a
caregiver child assessment as well as any recommendations of the psychologist who
was scheduled to evaluate her on June 1, 2017. The Mother was not to give the
Child medicine or gifts or have any contact with him outside of the supervised
visitation. The Father was responsible for making the Child’s medical appointments
and informing the Mother of the appointments.
(8) A hearing on the Father’s custody petition was originally scheduled for
September 2017, but it was continued several times so that the Mother’s pending
criminal charges for endangering the welfare of a child and third-degree child abuse
could be resolved.2 The Family Court held a two-day hearing on the custody petition
2 The Mother was also charged with five counts of criminal contempt based on her violation of the no-contact order. In December 2018, the Mother pleaded guilty to two counts of criminal contempt.
4 (as well as several rules to show cause filed by the parents) on March 25 and March
26, 2019. At the time of the hearing, the Mother had been found guilty of the charges
in Family Court. She later filed a de novo appeal to the Superior Court.
(9) Both parents and the Child were represented by counsel at the custody
hearing.3 During the hearing, the Family Court heard testimony from the parents,
the psychologist who performed psychological evaluations of the Father and the
Mother, the family counselor, the Child’s counselor, and the Child’s half-sister. The
psychologist diagnosed the Mother, who is a registered nurse, with Factitious
Disorder Imposed on Another.4 The Family Court interviewed the Child on April
19, 2019.
(10) On June 19, 2019, the Family Court issued an order that granted the
Father’s petition to modify custody. The Family Court held that modification of the
previous custody order would not harm the Child and that the best-interests factors
weighed in favor of the Father having sole custody and primary residence of the
3 The attorney ad litem appointed to represent the Child in the DSCYF proceeding also represented him in the custody proceeding. The Mother retained the attorney who was appointed to represent her in DSCYF proceeding to represent her in the custody proceeding. In August 2018, the Family Court granted the attorney’s motion to withdraw. The Mother represented herself until she retained another attorney to represent her at the custody hearing. After the custody hearing, the Family Court granted the attorney’s motion to withdraw based on the Mother’s request that he withdraw. 4 This condition is also known as Munchausen syndrome by proxy. A person with this disorder “falsely claims that another person has physical or psychological signs or symptoms of illness, or causes injury or disease in another person with the intention of deceiving others.” Mayo Clinic, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases- conditions/factitious-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20356028. 5 Child. The Family Court also concluded that the Mother should not have any contact
with the Child at the present time because such contact would endanger the Child’s
physical health or significantly impair his emotional development. The Family
Court ordered that the Mother could file a petition to modify visitation when she had
a therapist who would testify that the Mother was treated for the psychologist’s
diagnosis, accepted responsibility for her actions, and was willing to apologize to
the Child.
(11) The Mother filed a motion for reargument, arguing that the restrictions
imposed on her ability to file a petition for modification of visitation were improper.
The Family Court granted the motion and issued an amended order eliminating the
restrictions. This appeal followed.
(12) After the Mother filed her opening brief, the Father and the Child’s
attorney filed a joint motion to strike portions of the Mother’s opening brief and
exhibits to the opening brief that were not part of the record below. The Mother did
not respond to the motion. Consideration of the motion was deferred pending
consideration of the merits of this appeal. On appeal, we have not considered the
documents that the Mother attached to her opening brief that were not part of the
record below or handwritten comments, marks, or alterations on documents that the
6 Mother made on documents that were part of the record below.5 We have considered
documents from other Family Court proceedings involving the parties that the
Family Court considered and referenced in the custody order on appeal.
(13) This Court’s review of a Family Court decision includes a review of
both the law and the facts.6 Conclusions of law are reviewed de novo.7 Factual
findings will not be disturbed on appeal unless they are clearly erroneous and justice
requires they be overturned on appeal.8 When the determination of facts turns on a
question of the credibility and the acceptance or rejection of the testimony of
witnesses appearing before the trier of fact, we will not substitute our opinion for
that of the trier of fact.9
(14) The Mother’s arguments on appeal may be summarized as follows: (i)
the custody petition should not have been resolved until her criminal charges were
finally resolved; (ii) it was unfair for the Child’s attorney from the DSCYF
proceeding to represent the Child in the custody proceeding; (iii) the evidence did
not support the Family Court’s findings concerning her mental health, the Father’s
mental health, and the Child’s emotional and physical health; (iv) the Family Court
5 We note that a number of the excluded documents are duplicative of the Mother’s testimony during the custody hearing. 6 Mundy v. Devon, 906 A.2d 750, 752 (Del. 2006). 7 Id. 8 Id. 9 Wife (J.F.V.) v. Husband (O.W.V, Jr.), 402 A.2d 1202, 1204 (Del. 1979). 7 ignored how the Father and others alienated the Child from her; and (v) her human
and parental rights to contact with the Child were violated.
(15) The Mother argues that the custody petition should not have been
resolved until after her criminal charges were finally resolved. The record reflects
that the custody hearing, originally scheduled for September 2017, was continued
several times so that the Mother could resolve her criminal charges. At the last case
management conference in December 2018, the Family Court scheduled the matter
for a hearing in March over the Mother’s objections that her criminal charges were
still pending (because she had appealed a commissioner’s finding of guilt) and that
she needed to hire an attorney for the custody proceeding. The Family Court
concluded that the custody petition, which had been pending for almost two years,
could no longer be delayed. The Family Court also informed the Mother that the
attorney she retained could file a timely motion for a continuance of the March
hearing. The attorney retained by the Mother for the custody hearing did not file a
motion for a continuance.
(16) Even if the Mother’s failure to seek a continuance of the March hearing
dates did not constitute a waiver of this issue, she has not shown that the Family
Court erred in resolving the custody petition before final resolution of the criminal
charges. The transcript of the custody hearing reflects that the Mother was advised
of her Fifth Amendment rights, received the advice of her attorney, and chose to
8 testify fully. To the extent the Mother believes that the ultimate resolution of those
charges would have led to a different result in the custody proceeding,10 she ignores
that the Family Court judge recognized the convictions were on appeal and did not
consider them as part of her best-interest analysis. The Mother also did not seek to
have the Family Court consider how those charges were finally resolved in the first
instance.11 The Family Court did not err in resolving the custody petition before
final resolution of the Mother’s criminal charges.
(17) The Mother also challenges the role of the Child’s attorney in the
custody proceeding. The Family Court originally appointed the attorney to represent
the Child in the DSCYF proceeding and later appointed him to represent the Child
in the custody proceeding. The Family Court may, in the interest of the child,
appoint an attorney to represent a child in custody proceedings. 12 Under the
circumstances here, which included the removal of the Child from the Mother’s care
10 We take judicial notice that a Superior Court jury found the Mother not guilty of third- degree child abuse and could not reach a verdict on the child endangering charge. The State filed a nolle prosequi for the child endangering charge. 11 Delaware Elec. Coop., Inc. v. Duphily, 703 A.2d 1202, 1206 (Del. 1997) (“It is a basic tenet of appellate practice that an appellate court reviews only matters considered in the first instance by a trial court.”); Ponce v. Potter, 2013 WL 842520, at *1 (Del. Mar. 5, 2013) (refusing to consider the appellant’s reasons for missing a hearing that were not presented in the trial court and noting that the appellant could raise those reasons in a motion to reopen the trial court judgment). 12 13 Del. C. § 721(c). See also 10 Del. C. § 925(14) (providing that Family Court has the power to appoint guardians ad litem). 9 and the Child’s lack of contact with the Father before his removal, appointment of
the attorney to represent the Child in the custody proceeding was not error.
(18) The Mother’s attacks on the performance of the Child’s attorney are
also without merit. The record reflects that the Child’s attorney took his
representation of the Child seriously and zealously represented the Child’s interests.
The fact that the Child’s attorney did not share the Mother’s view of the Child’s best
interests or the evidence does not mean he was biased against the Mother and is not
a basis for reversal of the custody order. The duty of the Child’s attorney was to
represent the Child’s interests, not the Mother’s.
(19) The Mother next argues that the evidence did not support the Family
Court’s rulings. In addressing this argument, we first briefly review the legal
standards and the Family Court’s analysis. A petition for modification of custody
or primary residence filed more than two years after a previous order that was
entered after a hearing on the merits is governed by 13 Del. C. § 729(c)(2). Under
Section 729(c)(2), the Family Court considers the following criteria: (i) whether
modification of the previous order is likely to cause the child any harm and, if so,
whether the advantages to the child likely outweigh that harm; (ii) the compliance
of each parent with previous orders concerning visitation, custody, and their duties
and responsibilities under Section 727; and (iii) the best-interests factors are set forth
10 in 13 Del. C. § 722.13 The Family Court determines visitation “consistent with the
child’s best interests and maturity, which is designed to permit and encourage the
child to have frequent and meaningful contact with both parents unless the Court
finds, after a hearing, that contact of the child with 1 parent would endanger the
child’s physical health or significantly impair his or her emotional development.”14
(20) In considering Section 729(c)(2)(a)—the likelihood of harm to a child
if a previous custody order is modified—the Family Court concluded that the Child
would not be harmed if the previous custody order was modified. As to Section
729(c)(2)(b)—the compliance of each parent with previous court orders and their
responsibilities under Section 727(b)—the Family Court judge noted that she was
issuing orders denying two rule to show cause petitions filed by the Mother,15 that
she was issuing an order finding the Mother in contempt of the Interim Stipulation,16
and that the Mother had pleaded guilty to two counts of criminal contempt for
violating a no-contact order.
13 The Section 722 factors include: (i) the wishes of the parents; (ii) the wishes of the child; (iii) the interaction of the child with his parents, relatives and any other residents of the household; (iv) the child’s adjustment to his home, school, and community; (v) the mental and physical health of all individuals involved; (vi) past and present compliance of the parents with their rights and responsibilities to their child; (vii) evidence of domestic violence; and (viii) the criminal history of any party or resident of the household. 14 13 Del. C. § 728(a). 15 The Mother did not appeal these orders. 16 The Mother did not appeal this order. 11 (21) Applying the best-interests factors under Section 722, the Family Court
held that factors 5 (the mental and physical health of individuals involved), 6 (the
parents’ past and present compliance with their rights and responsibilities to the child
under Section 701), and 8 (the criminal history of the parties) supported the Father
having sole custody of the Child. The Family Court found that factors 1 (the wishes
of the parents), 2 (the wishes of the child), 3 (the relationship of the child with his
parents and relatives), 4 (the child’s adjustment to his home, school, and community)
and 7 (evidence of domestic violence) were neutral as to custody. With the exception
of factor 1, the Family Court found that all of the best-interests factors supported the
Father having primary residence of the Child. The Family Court found that all of
the best-interests factors, except for factors 1 and 4, supported restriction of the
Mother’s contact with the Child.
(22) The Mother’s arguments center on the Family Court’s findings
concerning her mental health, the Father’s mental health, and the Child’s emotional
and mental health. As to her mental health, the Mother argues that the Family Court
should not have accepted the psychologist’s opinion that she suffers from Factitious
Disorder Imposed on Another because the psychologist relied on inaccurate
information and misunderstood or failed to verify the medical records he reviewed
12 for his report. We review the Family Court’s decision to admit or exclude expert
testimony for abuse of discretion.17
(23) At the custody hearing, the Mother’s counsel stipulated that the
psychologist had the expertise to perform a psychological evaluation of the Mother
and to admission of the psychologist’s report subject to cross-examination. At the
conclusion of his cross-examination, the Mother’s attorney acknowledged that the
psychologist had addressed all of the factors outlined in Daubert v. Merrell Dow
Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,18 but the attorney stated that the Mother objected to the
diagnosis of Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another. The Mother continues to
challenge how the psychologist reached his diagnosis, but she has not shown that his
methodology fails to satisfy the criteria for reliability under Daubert. The Family
Court did not err in accepting the psychologist’s opinion.
(24) As to the Father’s mental health, the Mother argues that the Family
Court ignored the Father’s history of mental health issues. She is incorrect. The
Family Court recognized that the Father was on long-term disability for anxiety and
that a 2011 custody order referred to him making delusional statements and failing
to obtain a psychological evaluation. As the Family Court also recognized, the
psychologist who evaluated the Father’s mental health in 2017 (the same
17 Spencer v. Wal-Mart Stores East, LP, 930 A.2d 881, 888 (Del. 2007). 18 509 U.S. 579 (1993).
13 psychologist who evaluated the Mother) opined that the Father did not meet any
criteria for a mental health diagnosis. The psychologist also considered above
average anger levels identified in a previous mental health evaluation of the Father
in 2010 and opined that the Father did not currently have anger management
problems that would compromise his ability to care for the Child.
(25) As to the Child’s mental and physical health, the record supports the
Family Court’s findings that the Child was doing better in the Father’s care than in
the Mother’s care. The Mother argues that the Child is currently overweight and
doing poorly in school, but she ignores all of the conditions he supposedly suffered
from while in her care that led to multiple medications and frequent trips to medical
and behavioral facilities. Those past medical issues have not arisen while the Child
has been in the Father’s care. The Mother also ignores the Father’s plan to address
the Child’s weight gain and performance in school. The Mother contends that the
Child is suffering emotional pain, but his counselor testified that he was doing much
better since when she began seeing him after he was removed from the Mother’s
care. Having carefully reviewed the parties’ arguments and the record, we conclude
that that the Family Court did not err in concluding that factor 5—the mental and
physical health of individuals involved—weighed in favor of granting the Father
sole custody and primary residence of the Child.
14 (26) The Mother also argues that that the Child was alienated from her. We
disagree with the Father and Child attorney’s position that this argument was not
raised below. Although the Mother may not have used the term “alienation” in the
custody proceeding, she testified that other people, primarily the Father, caused the
Child to view her negatively and refuse to see her at the visitation center.
(27) In the custody order, the Family Court judge reviewed both the
Mother’s testimony that she had a good relationship with the Child as well as the
Child’s statements to the judge that he did not want to see the Mother. The Child’s
negative views of the Mother were primarily based on his personal experiences with
her while he lived with her. Among other things, he told the Family Court judge
that the Mother threw things at him, hit him, threatened him, and convinced doctors
to put him on numerous medications that he did not take after he was removed from
her custody. There is no sign in the record that the Child’s negative feelings about
the Mother were caused by the Father or others; rather, they appear to be based on
his own personal experiences with the Mother.
(28) Finally, the Mother argues that the custody order violates her human
and parental rights to have some contact with the Child. After reviewing the
evidence and applying the best-interests factors, the Family Court concluded that the
Child should not presently have contact with the Mother under the custody order
because it would impair his physical health or significantly impair his emotional
15 health. In reaching this conclusion, the Family Court emphasized the negative effect
of the Mother’s mental health issues on the Child and her failure to accept or treat
those issues. We are satisfied that the findings made by the Family Court are
sufficiently supported by the record, and we find no basis to disturb those findings
on appeal. Moreover, the Family Court properly applied the law to the facts in
concluding that the Mother should not have contact with the Child at the time of the
custody order.
NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED that the judgment of the Family
Court is AFFIRMED.
BY THE COURT:
/s/ Tamika R. Montgomery-Reeves Justice