STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL
FIRST CIRCUIT
2019 CA 1162
ROBERT TASSIN
VERSUS J
V STATE FARM MUTUAL AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE COMPANY AND RAYMOND HEBERT
k"1/ Judgment Rendered: MAY 1 12020
On Appeal from the 19th Judicial District Court In and for the Parish of East Baton Rouge State of Louisiana Trial Court No. 645411
Honorable Richard Moore, III, Judge Presiding
Charles L. Chassaignac, IV Attorneys for Defendants/ Appellants, Baton Rouge, Louisiana State Farm Mutual Automobile and Insurance Company and Emily S. Morrison Raymond Hebert New Orleans, Louisiana
Michael P. Fruge Attorneys for Plaintiff/Appellee, Michael C. Hendry Robert Tassin A. M. "Tony" Clayton Richard J. Ward, III
Randall Gay, Jr. Port Allen, Louisiana
BEFORE: HIGGINBOTHAM, PENZATO, AND LANIER, JJ. PENZATO, J.
State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company (" State Farm") and its
insured, Raymond Hebert, appeal the finding of liability and award of damages in
this personal injury action arising from a motor vehicle accident. For the following
reasons, we vacate the judgment and remand this matter for a new trial.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
On May 11, 2015, plaintiff, Robert Tassin, was involved in a motor vehicle
accident with Raymond Hebert at the intersection of Bluebonnet Boulevard and
Picardy Avenue in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Mr. Tassin filed suit against Mr.
Hebert and his insurer, State Farm ( collectively " defendants"), for damages
sustained in the accident. In his petition, Mr. Tassin alleged that Mr. Hebert failed
to yield at the traffic light controlling the intersection, and turned in front of Mr.
Tassin' s motorcycle, thus causing the collision. Mr. Tassin subsequently sought
leave of court to file a supplemental and amended petition for damages, asserting
that depositions were taken of the parties and of the investigating police officer,
and the testimony of the deponents was conflicting in that both parties testified that
they were faced with a green light/green arrow and thus had the right of way at the
time of the accident. Mr. Tassin' s supplemental and amended petition for damages
added the City of Baton Rouge/ Parish of East Baton Rouge (" City/Parish") as a
defendant. Mr. Tassin alleged that the City/Parish' s failure to maintain the traffic
control lights that govern the intersection was a proximate cause of the accident.
On May 24, 2018, the City/Parish filed a motion for summary judgment
based on the absence of any evidence that it had actual or constructive notice of the
alleged traffic light malfunction or defect. Mr. Tassin and defendants did not
oppose the City/Parish' s motion for summary judgment. By judgment signed
November 13, 2018, the trial court granted the motion for summary judgment,
dismissing Mr. Tassin' s claims against the City/Parish. The case proceeded to a
2 bench trial against defendants on January 3, 2019.
At trial, Mr. Tassin testified that he was travelling south on Bluebonnet. As
he approached the intersection with Picardy; he scanned continuously to watch for
cars coming into the intersection. Mr. Tassin testified that he had a green light as
he approached the intersection. According to Mr. Tassin, as he was entering the
intersection, he saw Mr. Hebert' s vehicle turn in front of him coming from his left.
Mr. Tassin was unable to stop and avoid Mr. Hebert' s vehicle and hit Mr. Hebert' s
back tire with the front tire of his motorcycle. Mr. Tassin testified that after the
impact, he slid through the intersection on his knees, elbows, and hands. He was
transported from the scene of the accident by ambulance to the hospital.
The only other witness to testify at the trial was Erin Husbands, who was
directly behind Mr. Hebert in the left-hand turning lane going from Bluebonnet
onto Picardy. Ms. Husbands testified that when she approached the intersection,
the light was red, and Mr. Hebert was stopped in the turning lane. According to
Ms. Husbands, the red light turned to a green arrow, and she followed Mr. Hebert' s
car into the intersection. She testified that she and Mr. Hebert were in the middle
of the intersection when Mr. Tassin' s motorcycle hit the front passenger side of Mr.
Hebert' s vehicle. Ms. Husbands testified that she did not see Mr. Tassin' s
motorcycle prior to the collision because she was watching Mr. Hebert' s vehicle
making the left-hand turn.
Mr. Hebert' s deposition was admitted into evidence in lieu of his trial
testimony. In his deposition, Mr. Hebert testified that he was travelling on
Bluebonnet, intending to take a left turn onto Picardy. Mr. Hebert said that when
he reached the intersection, the light was red, and he stopped. Mr. Hebert testified
that he was the first car in the left-hand turning lane. According to Mr. Hebert,
before he turned left onto Picardy, he observed the red light turn to a green arrow.
Mr. Hebert testified that he did not see Mr. Tassin' s motorcycle proceeding down
3 Bluebonnet and only became aware of the motorcycle after the collision.
Chelsea Richard, who testified by deposition, also witnessed the accident.
According to Ms. Richard, she was travelling southbound on Bluebonnet in the
lane directly to the right of Mr. Tassin, preparing to turn right onto Picardy. She
testified that Mr. Tassin' s light was green; Mr. Hebert' s vehicle, which was coming
the opposite way down Bluebonnet, ran the light and crossed the intersection to
turn onto Picardy; and Mr. Tassin' s motorcycle hit Mr. Hebert' s vehicle.
After taking the matter under advisement, the trial court issued a ruling on
March 19, 2019. In its ruling, the trial court found that " the preponderance of the
evidence proves that the accident was solely caused by the negligence of [Mr.]
Hebert who had a duty to exercise a high degree of care when he sought to turn left
onto Picardy Avenue," citing Hampton v. Marino, 97- 1345 ( La. App. 1 Cir.
11/ 6/ 98), 725 So. 2d 503; La. R.S. 32: 122'; and the deposition of Ms. Richard. A
judgment finding defendants 100% liable to Mr. Tassin for the subject accident and
awarding general damages in the amount of $ 15, 000. 00, special damages in the
amount of $6, 575. 75, and property damage in the amount of $3, 100. 00 was signed
on April 24, 2019. Defendants appeal this judgment.
ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
Defendants contend that the trial court erred in the following respects:
1. In finding Mr. Hebert 100% at fault in the accident when the evidence at trial was that Mr. Hebert made his left-hand turn into the intersection on a green left turn arrow when Plaintiff's motorcycle hit Mr. Hebert' s vehicle;
2. In excluding Dr. Brenda Dawson from testifying at trial on grounds of untimely disclosure given that Dr. Dawson had given an affidavit in support of a Motion for Summary
Louisiana Revised Statutes 32: 122 provides that:
The driver of a vehicle within an intersection intending to turn to the left shall yield the right of way to all vehicles approaching from the opposite direction which are within the intersection or so close thereto as to constitute an immediate hazard.
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STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL
FIRST CIRCUIT
2019 CA 1162
ROBERT TASSIN
VERSUS J
V STATE FARM MUTUAL AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE COMPANY AND RAYMOND HEBERT
k"1/ Judgment Rendered: MAY 1 12020
On Appeal from the 19th Judicial District Court In and for the Parish of East Baton Rouge State of Louisiana Trial Court No. 645411
Honorable Richard Moore, III, Judge Presiding
Charles L. Chassaignac, IV Attorneys for Defendants/ Appellants, Baton Rouge, Louisiana State Farm Mutual Automobile and Insurance Company and Emily S. Morrison Raymond Hebert New Orleans, Louisiana
Michael P. Fruge Attorneys for Plaintiff/Appellee, Michael C. Hendry Robert Tassin A. M. "Tony" Clayton Richard J. Ward, III
Randall Gay, Jr. Port Allen, Louisiana
BEFORE: HIGGINBOTHAM, PENZATO, AND LANIER, JJ. PENZATO, J.
State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company (" State Farm") and its
insured, Raymond Hebert, appeal the finding of liability and award of damages in
this personal injury action arising from a motor vehicle accident. For the following
reasons, we vacate the judgment and remand this matter for a new trial.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
On May 11, 2015, plaintiff, Robert Tassin, was involved in a motor vehicle
accident with Raymond Hebert at the intersection of Bluebonnet Boulevard and
Picardy Avenue in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Mr. Tassin filed suit against Mr.
Hebert and his insurer, State Farm ( collectively " defendants"), for damages
sustained in the accident. In his petition, Mr. Tassin alleged that Mr. Hebert failed
to yield at the traffic light controlling the intersection, and turned in front of Mr.
Tassin' s motorcycle, thus causing the collision. Mr. Tassin subsequently sought
leave of court to file a supplemental and amended petition for damages, asserting
that depositions were taken of the parties and of the investigating police officer,
and the testimony of the deponents was conflicting in that both parties testified that
they were faced with a green light/green arrow and thus had the right of way at the
time of the accident. Mr. Tassin' s supplemental and amended petition for damages
added the City of Baton Rouge/ Parish of East Baton Rouge (" City/Parish") as a
defendant. Mr. Tassin alleged that the City/Parish' s failure to maintain the traffic
control lights that govern the intersection was a proximate cause of the accident.
On May 24, 2018, the City/Parish filed a motion for summary judgment
based on the absence of any evidence that it had actual or constructive notice of the
alleged traffic light malfunction or defect. Mr. Tassin and defendants did not
oppose the City/Parish' s motion for summary judgment. By judgment signed
November 13, 2018, the trial court granted the motion for summary judgment,
dismissing Mr. Tassin' s claims against the City/Parish. The case proceeded to a
2 bench trial against defendants on January 3, 2019.
At trial, Mr. Tassin testified that he was travelling south on Bluebonnet. As
he approached the intersection with Picardy; he scanned continuously to watch for
cars coming into the intersection. Mr. Tassin testified that he had a green light as
he approached the intersection. According to Mr. Tassin, as he was entering the
intersection, he saw Mr. Hebert' s vehicle turn in front of him coming from his left.
Mr. Tassin was unable to stop and avoid Mr. Hebert' s vehicle and hit Mr. Hebert' s
back tire with the front tire of his motorcycle. Mr. Tassin testified that after the
impact, he slid through the intersection on his knees, elbows, and hands. He was
transported from the scene of the accident by ambulance to the hospital.
The only other witness to testify at the trial was Erin Husbands, who was
directly behind Mr. Hebert in the left-hand turning lane going from Bluebonnet
onto Picardy. Ms. Husbands testified that when she approached the intersection,
the light was red, and Mr. Hebert was stopped in the turning lane. According to
Ms. Husbands, the red light turned to a green arrow, and she followed Mr. Hebert' s
car into the intersection. She testified that she and Mr. Hebert were in the middle
of the intersection when Mr. Tassin' s motorcycle hit the front passenger side of Mr.
Hebert' s vehicle. Ms. Husbands testified that she did not see Mr. Tassin' s
motorcycle prior to the collision because she was watching Mr. Hebert' s vehicle
making the left-hand turn.
Mr. Hebert' s deposition was admitted into evidence in lieu of his trial
testimony. In his deposition, Mr. Hebert testified that he was travelling on
Bluebonnet, intending to take a left turn onto Picardy. Mr. Hebert said that when
he reached the intersection, the light was red, and he stopped. Mr. Hebert testified
that he was the first car in the left-hand turning lane. According to Mr. Hebert,
before he turned left onto Picardy, he observed the red light turn to a green arrow.
Mr. Hebert testified that he did not see Mr. Tassin' s motorcycle proceeding down
3 Bluebonnet and only became aware of the motorcycle after the collision.
Chelsea Richard, who testified by deposition, also witnessed the accident.
According to Ms. Richard, she was travelling southbound on Bluebonnet in the
lane directly to the right of Mr. Tassin, preparing to turn right onto Picardy. She
testified that Mr. Tassin' s light was green; Mr. Hebert' s vehicle, which was coming
the opposite way down Bluebonnet, ran the light and crossed the intersection to
turn onto Picardy; and Mr. Tassin' s motorcycle hit Mr. Hebert' s vehicle.
After taking the matter under advisement, the trial court issued a ruling on
March 19, 2019. In its ruling, the trial court found that " the preponderance of the
evidence proves that the accident was solely caused by the negligence of [Mr.]
Hebert who had a duty to exercise a high degree of care when he sought to turn left
onto Picardy Avenue," citing Hampton v. Marino, 97- 1345 ( La. App. 1 Cir.
11/ 6/ 98), 725 So. 2d 503; La. R.S. 32: 122'; and the deposition of Ms. Richard. A
judgment finding defendants 100% liable to Mr. Tassin for the subject accident and
awarding general damages in the amount of $ 15, 000. 00, special damages in the
amount of $6, 575. 75, and property damage in the amount of $3, 100. 00 was signed
on April 24, 2019. Defendants appeal this judgment.
ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
Defendants contend that the trial court erred in the following respects:
1. In finding Mr. Hebert 100% at fault in the accident when the evidence at trial was that Mr. Hebert made his left-hand turn into the intersection on a green left turn arrow when Plaintiff's motorcycle hit Mr. Hebert' s vehicle;
2. In excluding Dr. Brenda Dawson from testifying at trial on grounds of untimely disclosure given that Dr. Dawson had given an affidavit in support of a Motion for Summary
Louisiana Revised Statutes 32: 122 provides that:
The driver of a vehicle within an intersection intending to turn to the left shall yield the right of way to all vehicles approaching from the opposite direction which are within the intersection or so close thereto as to constitute an immediate hazard.
11 Judgment seven ( 7) months prior to trial and was listed as a fact witness for the City/Parish in the pre-trial order;
3. In awarding $ 15, 000. 00 in general damages to Plaintiff for a wrist sprain;
4. In awarding Plaintiff $3, 100. 00 in property damage, an award which was not supported by any evidence at trial.
LAW AND DISCUSSION
Defendants assert that the trial court erred in finding Mr. Hebert solely at
fault in causing the accident, particularly because the trial court erred in excluding
Dr. Dawson' s testimony. If a trial court commits evidentiary error that interdicts its
fact- finding process, this court must conduct a de novo review. Wright a Bennett,
2004- 1944 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 9/ 28/ 05), 924 So. 2d 178, 182. Thus, any alleged
evidentiary errors must be addressed first on appeal, inasmuch as a finding of error
may affect the applicable standard of review. Id.
At trial, defendants sought to introduce the testimony of Dr. Dawson, a
witness to the accident. Mr. Tassin filed a motion to strike Dr. Dawson from
testifying, arguing that defendants did not specifically include her as a witness in
the pre- trial order. In response, defendants argued that Dr. Dawson was listed by
reference in the pre- trial order, and that her affidavit had been submitted in support
of the City/Parish' s motion for summary judgment. The trial court sustained the
motion to strike, excluding Dr. Dawson' s testimony. Defendants proffered her
testimony.
The record indicates that a joint pre- trial order was filed on April 3, 2018,
prior to the dismissal of the City/Parish. In the pre- trial order, the City/Parish
listed " Brenda Dawson" as a fact witness. Defendants did not specifically identify
Dr. Dawson as a witness, but indicated that they may call as a witness at trial
a] ny witness listed, subpoenaed or called by any other parties." Additionally, the
City/Parish attached Dr. Dawson' s affidavit to the motion for summary judgment
filed on May 24, 2018. In her affidavit, Dr. Dawson attested that she witnessed the
5 accident at issue and observed Mr. Tassin run a red light and collide with Mr.
Hebert' s vehicle.
A trial court has great discretion in conducting a trial and in determining the
admissibility of a witness' s testimony. Palace Properties, L.L. C. a Sizeler
Hammond Square Ltd. Partnership, 2001- 2812 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 12/ 30/ 02), 839 So.
2d 82, 91, writ denied, 2003- 0306 ( La. 4/ 4/ 03), 840 So. 2d 1219. It is only upon a
showing of a gross abuse of discretion that appellate courts have intervened. Id.
Pursuant to La. C. C. P. art. 1551( B), a pre- trial order controls the subsequent course
of the action, unless modified at the trial to prevent manifest injustice. The theory
inherent in pretrial procedure is to avoid surprise and to allow orderly disposition
of cases. Theriot a State Dept. of Wildlife and Fisheries, 94- 1536 ( La. App. 1 Cir.
4/ 7/ 95), 661 So. 2d 986, 989, writ denied, 95- 1617 ( La. 10/ 6/ 95), 662 So. 2d 1041.
If a party objects to the offered testimony of a witness not listed on the pre-trial
order, a trial judge has great discretion in deciding whether to receive or refuse the
testimony objected to on the grounds of failure to abide by the rules, but any doubt
must be resolved in favor of receiving the information. Palace Properties, 839 So.
2d at 91.
While defendants did not specifically identify Dr. Dawson as a witness, she
was identified in the pre- trial order as a fact witness, and Mr. Tassin was aware of
the substance of her testimony from the affidavit filed in connection with the
City/Parish' s motion for summary judgment. We find that Mr. Tassin' s claim that
he was not made aware of Dr. Dawson until the day before the trial is not borne out
by the facts. See Duchmann v. Logarbo, 2015- 1012 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 2/ 24/ 16),
2016 WL 758997, * 8 ( unpublished). Moreover, we are guided by the principle
Palace that any doubt must be resolved in favor of receiving the information. Properties, 839 So. 2d at 91. Thus, considering the record and the circumstances
herein, we find that the trial court abused its discretion in refusing to allow Dr.
D Dawson' s testimony.
We must therefore review the proffered evidence to determine whether it
interdicted the fact-finding process. Dr. Dawson testified that she was travelling
on Bluebonnet in the same direction as Mr. Tassin, and she believed that Mr. Tassin
ran the red light. Because this testimony directly contradicts Ms. Richard' s
testimony, referenced by the trial court in its finding that the accident was solely
caused by Mr. Hebert' s negligence, we find that the improper exclusion of Dr.
Dawson' s testimony interdicted the fact- finding process.
Generally, when a legal error interdicts the fact finding process, the manifest
error standard no longer applies. If the record is otherwise complete, the reviewing
court should conduct a de novo review. Franklin a Franklin, 2005- 1814 ( La. App.
1 Cir. 12/ 22/ 05), 928 So. 2d 90, 94, writ denied, 2006- 0206 ( La. 2/ 17/ 06), 924 So.
2d 1021. However, there are occasions where the weight of the evidence is so
nearly equal that a first-hand view of witnesses is essential to a fair resolution of
the issues. Where such a need arises, the case should be remanded for a new trial.
Abney a Smith, 2009- 0794 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 2/ 8/ 10), 35 So. 3d 279, 287, writ
denied, 2010- 0547 ( La. 5/ 7/ 10), 34 So. 3d 864.
The central issue in this case was which party had the right of way at the
time of the accident. Due to the substantial conflict in testimony as to whether Mr.
Tassin had a green light when he entered the intersection, a preponderance of the
evidence cannot be determined fairly from the cold record. See Abney, 35 So. 3d
at 287. Therefore, we are convinced that the interests of justice would best be
served by a new trial where credibility determinations and resolutions of the
conflicting testimony can be made by the finder of fact. Id; see also Georgia-
Pacific, LLC a Dresser-Rand Co., 2015- 2002 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 10/ 31/ 16), 207 So.
3d 1131, 1140, writ denied, 2016- 02114 ( La. 1/ 13/ 17), 215 So. 3d 248.
7 Accordingly, we vacate the judgment and remand for a new trial.'
CONCLUSION
For the above reasons, the April 24, 2019 judgment is vacated and this
matter is remanded to the trial court for a new trial. Appeal costs are assessed
against the plaintiff, Robert Tassin.
VACATED AND REMANDED.
2 Because we are remanding this case for a new trial, we pretermit discussion of defendants' remaining assignments of error on the issue of damages.