NUMBER 13-20-00128-CV
COURT OF APPEALS
THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
CORPUS CHRISTI – EDINBURG
ROBERT LAYTON D/B/A LAYTON WELDING, Appellant,
v.
LAVACA COUNTY AND HALLETTSVILLE INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISTRICT, Appellees.
On appeal from the 25th District Court of Lavaca County, Texas.
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Benavides, Longoria, and Tijerina Memorandum Opinion by Justice Tijerina
Appellant Robert Layton, doing business as Layton Welding, filed a pro se notice
of appeal regarding a final judgment rendered against him and in favor of appellees Lavaca County and Hallettsville Independent School District in a suit regarding the
recovery of delinquent ad valorem taxes. See TEX. TAX CODE ANN. § 33.41 (providing that
a taxing unit may file suit in a court of competent jurisdiction to foreclose the lien securing
payment or to enforce personal liability “at any time after its tax on property becomes
delinquent”). We dismiss the appeal for want of prosecution.
I. BACKGROUND
On February 5, 2020, the trial court signed the final judgment awarding appellees
delinquent taxes of $6,072.27, accrued penalties, interest, attorney’s fees, and costs. On
March 31, 2020, the clerk’s record was filed. On April 6, 2020, the reporter’s record was
filed.
On May 11, 2020, appellant provided the Court with an untimely brief which failed
to comply with the appellate rules because it failed to contain a certificate of compliance
and the appendix was filed as a separate document. See, e.g., TEX. R. APP. P. 9.4(i)(3);
id. R. 38.1(k). By letter issued on July 7, 2020, the Clerk of the Court informed appellant
of these deficiencies and requested that he file a motion for leave to file the brief and an
amended brief within five days. On May 24, 2020, appellees filed a brief asserting, inter
alia, that appellant’s brief was fatally flawed and presented nothing for review.
On September 14, 2020, appellant provided the Court with a defective first
amended brief and a defective motion for leave to file the brief. Appellant did not include
an appendix with his brief. On September 15, 2020, the Clerk informed appellant that his
first amended brief had been marked received, pending a ruling on his motion for leave,
and because the amended brief failed to comply with Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure
9.1(b)(c), 9.4(d), 9.4(h), 9.4(i)(3), 9.5, and 38.1(b),(g),(i),(k). The Clerk requested
2 appellant to file a second amended brief within ten days. The Clerk also informed
appellant that his motion for leave was defective because it failed to comply with Rules
9.1(b),(c) and 9.5(e), and requested appellant to submit an amended motion within two
days. Appellant did not respond to either of the Clerk’s directives.
On October 27, 2020, the Clerk again advised appellant that his first amended brief
failed to comply with Rules 9.1(b),(c), 9.4(d), 9.4(h), 9.4 (i)(3), 9.5, and 38.1(b),(g),(i),(k),
and directed him to file a second amended brief that complied with these rules within ten
days. The Clerk informed appellant that if he filed another non-compliant brief, the Court
might strike the brief, prohibit appellant from filing another, and proceed as if appellant
had failed to file a brief, under which circumstances the Court might affirm the judgment
or dismiss the appeal. See id. R. 38.9(a), 42.3(b),(c). Appellant failed to file a second
amended brief, a motion for leave, a motion for extension of time, or otherwise respond
to the Court’s directive.
On January 8, 2020, the appellees filed a motion to dismiss this appeal for want of
prosecution. They assert that appellant has neither filed a brief that complies with the
appellate rules nor complied with directives from this Court.
II. APPLICABLE LAW
We are to construe the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure reasonably, yet
liberally, so that the right to appeal is not lost by imposing requirements not absolutely
necessary to effectuate the purpose of a rule. Republic Underwriters Ins. Co. v. Mex-Tex,
Inc., 150 S.W.3d 423, 427 (Tex. 2004); Verburgt v. Dorner, 959 S.W.2d 615, 616–17
(Tex. 1997); Jardon v. Pfister, 593 S.W.3d 810, 820 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2019, no pet.).
Nevertheless, the Court has the authority to dismiss an appeal for want of prosecution or
3 because the appellant has failed to comply with a requirement of the appellate rules, a
court order, or a notice from the clerk requiring a response or other action within a
specified time. See TEX. R. APP. P. 42.3(b),(c); Smith v. DC Civil Constr., LLC, 521 S.W.3d
75, 76 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2017, no pet.).
The Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure control the required contents and
organization for an appellant’s brief. See TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1. An appellate brief is “meant
to acquaint the court with the issues in a case and to present argument that will enable
the court to decide the case . . . .” Id. R. 38.9. Therefore, an appellant’s brief must contain
“a clear and concise argument for the contentions made, with appropriate citations to
authorities and to the record.” Id. R. 38.1(i). This requirement is not satisfied by merely
uttering brief conclusory statements unsupported by legal citations. Sweed v. City of El
Paso, 195 S.W.3d 784, 786 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2006, no pet.). A brief must explain how
the law that is cited is applicable to the facts of the case. See Hernandez v. Hernandez,
318 S.W.3d 464, 466 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2010, no pet.); San Saba Energy, L.P. v.
Crawford, 171 S.W.3d 323, 338 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2005, no pet.); Plummer
v. Reeves, 93 S.W.3d 930, 931 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 2003, pet. denied); Nguyen v.
Kosnoski, 93 S.W.3d 186, 188 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2002, no pet.).
It is the appellant’s burden to discuss his assertions of error, and “we have no
duty—or even right—to perform an independent review of the record and applicable law
to determine whether there was error.” Hernandez, 318 S.W.3d at 466. When an
appellant’s brief fails to contain a clear and concise argument for the contentions made
with appropriate citations to authorities, the appellate court is not responsible for doing
the legal research that might support a party’s contentions. Bolling v. Farmers Branch
4 Indep. Sch. Dist., 315 S.W.3d 893, 895 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2010, no pet.). If we were to
do so, we would be abandoning our role as judges and assuming the role of advocate for
that party. Id.
The rules expressly require us to construe briefing rules liberally. See TEX. R. APP.
P. 38.9. Accordingly, appellate briefs are to be construed reasonably so as to preserve
the right to appellate review. El Paso Nat. Gas v.
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NUMBER 13-20-00128-CV
COURT OF APPEALS
THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
CORPUS CHRISTI – EDINBURG
ROBERT LAYTON D/B/A LAYTON WELDING, Appellant,
v.
LAVACA COUNTY AND HALLETTSVILLE INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISTRICT, Appellees.
On appeal from the 25th District Court of Lavaca County, Texas.
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Benavides, Longoria, and Tijerina Memorandum Opinion by Justice Tijerina
Appellant Robert Layton, doing business as Layton Welding, filed a pro se notice
of appeal regarding a final judgment rendered against him and in favor of appellees Lavaca County and Hallettsville Independent School District in a suit regarding the
recovery of delinquent ad valorem taxes. See TEX. TAX CODE ANN. § 33.41 (providing that
a taxing unit may file suit in a court of competent jurisdiction to foreclose the lien securing
payment or to enforce personal liability “at any time after its tax on property becomes
delinquent”). We dismiss the appeal for want of prosecution.
I. BACKGROUND
On February 5, 2020, the trial court signed the final judgment awarding appellees
delinquent taxes of $6,072.27, accrued penalties, interest, attorney’s fees, and costs. On
March 31, 2020, the clerk’s record was filed. On April 6, 2020, the reporter’s record was
filed.
On May 11, 2020, appellant provided the Court with an untimely brief which failed
to comply with the appellate rules because it failed to contain a certificate of compliance
and the appendix was filed as a separate document. See, e.g., TEX. R. APP. P. 9.4(i)(3);
id. R. 38.1(k). By letter issued on July 7, 2020, the Clerk of the Court informed appellant
of these deficiencies and requested that he file a motion for leave to file the brief and an
amended brief within five days. On May 24, 2020, appellees filed a brief asserting, inter
alia, that appellant’s brief was fatally flawed and presented nothing for review.
On September 14, 2020, appellant provided the Court with a defective first
amended brief and a defective motion for leave to file the brief. Appellant did not include
an appendix with his brief. On September 15, 2020, the Clerk informed appellant that his
first amended brief had been marked received, pending a ruling on his motion for leave,
and because the amended brief failed to comply with Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure
9.1(b)(c), 9.4(d), 9.4(h), 9.4(i)(3), 9.5, and 38.1(b),(g),(i),(k). The Clerk requested
2 appellant to file a second amended brief within ten days. The Clerk also informed
appellant that his motion for leave was defective because it failed to comply with Rules
9.1(b),(c) and 9.5(e), and requested appellant to submit an amended motion within two
days. Appellant did not respond to either of the Clerk’s directives.
On October 27, 2020, the Clerk again advised appellant that his first amended brief
failed to comply with Rules 9.1(b),(c), 9.4(d), 9.4(h), 9.4 (i)(3), 9.5, and 38.1(b),(g),(i),(k),
and directed him to file a second amended brief that complied with these rules within ten
days. The Clerk informed appellant that if he filed another non-compliant brief, the Court
might strike the brief, prohibit appellant from filing another, and proceed as if appellant
had failed to file a brief, under which circumstances the Court might affirm the judgment
or dismiss the appeal. See id. R. 38.9(a), 42.3(b),(c). Appellant failed to file a second
amended brief, a motion for leave, a motion for extension of time, or otherwise respond
to the Court’s directive.
On January 8, 2020, the appellees filed a motion to dismiss this appeal for want of
prosecution. They assert that appellant has neither filed a brief that complies with the
appellate rules nor complied with directives from this Court.
II. APPLICABLE LAW
We are to construe the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure reasonably, yet
liberally, so that the right to appeal is not lost by imposing requirements not absolutely
necessary to effectuate the purpose of a rule. Republic Underwriters Ins. Co. v. Mex-Tex,
Inc., 150 S.W.3d 423, 427 (Tex. 2004); Verburgt v. Dorner, 959 S.W.2d 615, 616–17
(Tex. 1997); Jardon v. Pfister, 593 S.W.3d 810, 820 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2019, no pet.).
Nevertheless, the Court has the authority to dismiss an appeal for want of prosecution or
3 because the appellant has failed to comply with a requirement of the appellate rules, a
court order, or a notice from the clerk requiring a response or other action within a
specified time. See TEX. R. APP. P. 42.3(b),(c); Smith v. DC Civil Constr., LLC, 521 S.W.3d
75, 76 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2017, no pet.).
The Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure control the required contents and
organization for an appellant’s brief. See TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1. An appellate brief is “meant
to acquaint the court with the issues in a case and to present argument that will enable
the court to decide the case . . . .” Id. R. 38.9. Therefore, an appellant’s brief must contain
“a clear and concise argument for the contentions made, with appropriate citations to
authorities and to the record.” Id. R. 38.1(i). This requirement is not satisfied by merely
uttering brief conclusory statements unsupported by legal citations. Sweed v. City of El
Paso, 195 S.W.3d 784, 786 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2006, no pet.). A brief must explain how
the law that is cited is applicable to the facts of the case. See Hernandez v. Hernandez,
318 S.W.3d 464, 466 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2010, no pet.); San Saba Energy, L.P. v.
Crawford, 171 S.W.3d 323, 338 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2005, no pet.); Plummer
v. Reeves, 93 S.W.3d 930, 931 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 2003, pet. denied); Nguyen v.
Kosnoski, 93 S.W.3d 186, 188 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2002, no pet.).
It is the appellant’s burden to discuss his assertions of error, and “we have no
duty—or even right—to perform an independent review of the record and applicable law
to determine whether there was error.” Hernandez, 318 S.W.3d at 466. When an
appellant’s brief fails to contain a clear and concise argument for the contentions made
with appropriate citations to authorities, the appellate court is not responsible for doing
the legal research that might support a party’s contentions. Bolling v. Farmers Branch
4 Indep. Sch. Dist., 315 S.W.3d 893, 895 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2010, no pet.). If we were to
do so, we would be abandoning our role as judges and assuming the role of advocate for
that party. Id.
The rules expressly require us to construe briefing rules liberally. See TEX. R. APP.
P. 38.9. Accordingly, appellate briefs are to be construed reasonably so as to preserve
the right to appellate review. El Paso Nat. Gas v. Minco Oil & Gas, Inc., 8 S.W.3d 309,
316 (Tex. 1999). Nevertheless, litigants are required to substantially comply with the
appellate rules. See TEX. R. APP. P. 38.9; Harkins v. Dever Nursing Home, 999 S.W.2d
571, 573 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.], 1999, no pet.). In this regard, pro se litigants
are held to the same standards as licensed attorneys, and they must similarly comply with
all applicable rules of procedure. Mansfield State Bank v. Cohn, 573 S.W.2d 181, 184–
85 (Tex. 1978); Smale v. Williams, 590 S.W.3d 633, 639 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2019,
no pet.); Smith, 521 S.W.3d at 76; Valadez v. Avitia, 238 S.W.3d 843, 845 (Tex. App.—
El Paso 2007, no pet.).
If an appellate court determines that the briefing rules have been flagrantly
violated, it may require a brief to be amended, supplemented, or redrawn. TEX. R. APP. P.
38.9(a); see id. R. 44.3 (“A court of appeals must not affirm or reverse a judgment or
dismiss an appeal for formal defects or irregularities in appellate procedure without
allowing a reasonable time to correct or amend the defects or irregularities.”). An
appellant is provided with a reasonable time to amend his or her brief under these
circumstances. See Fredonia State Bank v. Gen. Am. Life Ins. Co., 881 S.W.2d 279, 284
(Tex. 1994). If the appellant files another brief that does not comply with the rules of
appellate procedure, the appellate court may strike the brief, prohibit the party from filing
5 another, and proceed as if the party had failed to file a brief. See TEX. R. APP. P. 38.9(a).
Pursuant to Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 38.8(a), where an appellant has failed to
file a brief, the appellate court may dismiss the appeal for want of prosecution. See id. R.
38.8(a); Attaway v. Clark, 391 S.W.3d 647 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2013, no pet.).
III. ANALYSIS
In the instant case, appellant filed a brief and a first amended brief that did not
meet the requirements of the appellate rules. See generally TEX. R. APP. P. 9.4, 38.1.
Appellant’s table of contents fails to indicate the subject matter of each issue or point, or
group of issues or points; his statement of facts includes argument and does not include
record references; his brief fails to contain a clear and concise argument for the
contentions made, with appropriate citations to authorities and the record; and his brief
fails to include an appropriate appendix. See id. R. 38.1(b),(g),(i),(k). In fact, appellant’s
brief fails to contain any citations to the appellate record. See id. R. 38.1(d),(g),(i).
Appellees assert that appellant’s brief does not present any issue for review and that
appellant has waived his appellate complaints.
Appellant has been provided with the opportunity to correct these defects but has
failed to do so, and more than a reasonable time has passed. See id. R. 42.3(b); id. R.
44.3; Fredonia State Bank, 881 S.W.2d at 284. In short, appellant has failed to comply
with the appellate rules or respond to the directives of the Clerk regarding filing a second
amended brief or correcting his defective motion. See TEX. R. APP. P. 42.3(c).
IV. CONCLUSION
Based on the foregoing, we deny appellant’s motion for leave, strike appellant’s
non-conforming brief, prohibit appellant from filing another, and proceed as if appellant
6 had failed to file a brief. See id. R. 38.9(a). We grant the appellees’ motion to dismiss the
appeal. We dismiss this appeal for want of prosecution and because the appellant failed
to comply with the requirements of the appellate rules and directives from the Clerk. See
id. R. 38.8(a); id. R. 38.9(a); id. R. 42.3(b),(c); Johnson v. Dallas Hous. Auth., 179 S.W.3d
770, 770 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2005, no pet.).
JAIME TIJERNA Justice
Delivered and filed on the 21st day of January, 2021.