Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before FILED Apr 12 2012, 8:49 am any court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, CLERK of the supreme court, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case. court of appeals and tax court
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
ANA M. QUIRK GREGORY F. ZOELLER Public Defender Attorney General of Indiana Muncie, Indiana J.T. WHITEHEAD Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
ROBERT E. STANLEY, ) ) Appellant-Defendant, ) ) vs. ) No. 18A02-1109-CR-834 ) STATE OF INDIANA, ) ) Appellee-Plaintiff. )
APPEAL FROM THE DELAWARE CIRCUIT COURT The Honorable Richard A. Dailey, Judge Cause No. 18C02-1006-FD-80
April 12, 2012
MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION
NAJAM, Judge STATEMENT OF THE CASE
Robert E. Stanley appeals his conviction for home improvement fraud, as a Class
D felony, following a jury trial. Stanley raises four issues for our review, which we
restate as the following three issues:
1. Whether the trial court erred when it tried Stanley in absentia;
2. Whether the trial court committed fundamental error when it permitted Stanley to twice appear without counsel; and
3. Whether the State presented sufficient evidence to support Stanley’s conviction.
We affirm.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
On March 18, 2010, Stanley knocked on the door of the home of Willard and
Mary Barlage, an elderly couple in Muncie. When Willard answered the door, Stanley
told him that he had done repair work for the Barlages in the past and that he had noticed
the Barlages’ planter was broken. Stanley then offered to fix the planter for between
ninety and one-hundred dollars, and Willard agreed. After a few hours of work, Stanley
then told the Barlages that the total amount due was $1,850. Shortly after paying Stanley,
the Barlages decided to call the police.
On June 2, 2010, the State charged Stanley with home improvement fraud, as a
Class D felony. The State also alleged Stanley to be an habitual offender. On June 2,
2011, the court held a status hearing, at which Stanley’s counsel was present but Stanley
was not. Stanley’s counsel informed the court as follows: “Judge . . . [t]his case is
scheduled for a Jury Trial on June 20th[] of this month . . . . My understanding . . . was
2 that Mr. Stanley previously appeared in Court[] and was notified of that Jury Trial date in
person.” Transcript at 6-7. Stanley’s counsel then informed the court that he had
attempted to serve notice of the trial date at Stanley’s last known address, but the notice
was returned.
Eighteen days later, the court held Stanley’s jury trial as scheduled. Stanley failed
to appear, and the jury found him guilty as charged. Stanley was also found to be an
habitual offender.
Two days after his jury trial, the court learned that Stanley was being held in the
Madison County Jail. The court ordered the Delaware County Sheriff to transport
Stanley to the courtroom “as soon as possible.” Appellant’s App. at 63. On July 5,
Stanley was brought before the court, and the court informed him that he had been tried
in absentia and found guilty. Stanley stated that he had been in jail, and he then waived
his right to a sentencing hearing within thirty days and informed the court that he would
hire his own counsel before his sentencing hearing. The court responded, “All right . . . .
[I]f between now and Sentencing . . . you decide that you can’t afford counsel, you’re
going to need to let the Court know. You understand that, that’s your burden.”
Transcript at 92. Stanley agreed that he understood that was his burden.
The court held Stanley’s sentencing hearing on August 25. That day, Stanley
informed the court that he needed court-appointed counsel. The court denied Stanley’s
request as untimely. The court then sentenced Stanley to an aggregate term of seven and
one-half years executed. This appeal ensued.
3 DISCUSSION AND DECISION
Issue One: Trial In Absentia
Stanley first contends that the trial court erred when it tried him in absentia.
Specifically, Stanley contends that he had no actual knowledge of the trial date and that
he had no chance to explain his absence at the subsequent hearing on July 5. We cannot
agree.
As our supreme court has stated:
A defendant in a criminal proceeding has a right to be present at all stages of his or her trial. U.S. Const. amend. VI; Ind. Const. art. I, § 13; Fennell v. State, 492 N.E.2d 297, 299 (Ind. 1986). A defendant may waive this right and be tried in absentia if the trial court determines that the defendant knowingly and voluntarily waived that right. Freeman v. State, 541 N.E.2d 533, 535 (Ind. 1989); Fennell, 492 N.E.2d at 299. The best evidence that a defendant knowingly and voluntarily waived his or her right to be present at trial is the “defendant’s presence in court on the day the matter is set for trial.” Fennell, 492 N.E.2d at 299 (citing Brown v. State, 181 Ind. App. 102, 390 N.E.2d 1058 (1979)).
Lampkins v. State, 682 N.E.2d 1268, 1273 (Ind. 1997). Further, “[a] defendant’s
explanation of his absence is a part of the evidence available to this Court on the question
of whether it was error to try him in absentia.” Id. (quotations omitted).
Here, according to the statements of Stanley’s trial counsel at the June 2, 2011,
status hearing, Stanley was personally informed of the trial date. See Transcript at 6-7.
Nonetheless, Stanley did not appear for his trial on the scheduled date. As such, the trial
court did not err when it concluded that Stanley knowingly and voluntarily waived his
right to be present at trial. See Lampkins, 682 N.E.2d at 1273.
Stanley also argues that he was denied an opportunity to explain his absence at the
July 5 hearing. But at that hearing Stanley informed the court that he was in the Madison 4 County Jail during his trial. Thus, he was not denied an opportunity to explain his
absence when he did in fact give an explanation. We also agree with the State that,
Stanley’s statements to the trial court aside, the record does not unequivocally
demonstrate that he was actually in jail on his trial date. And if he were in jail, the record
is clear that he did not inform the trial court despite his actual knowledge of his imminent
trial date. Accordingly, the record supports the conclusion that Stanley knowingly and
voluntarily waived his right to be present at his trial.
Issue Two: Right to Counsel
Stanley next contends that the trial court committed fundamental error when it
denied him his right to counsel during the July 5 hearing and the August 25 sentencing
hearing. As this court has stated on several occasions:
The fundamental error doctrine is extremely narrow. Sandifur v. State, 815 N.E.2d 1042, 1046 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004), trans. denied. To qualify as fundamental error, an error must be so prejudicial to the rights of the defendant as to make a fair trial impossible.
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before FILED Apr 12 2012, 8:49 am any court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, CLERK of the supreme court, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case. court of appeals and tax court
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
ANA M. QUIRK GREGORY F. ZOELLER Public Defender Attorney General of Indiana Muncie, Indiana J.T. WHITEHEAD Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
ROBERT E. STANLEY, ) ) Appellant-Defendant, ) ) vs. ) No. 18A02-1109-CR-834 ) STATE OF INDIANA, ) ) Appellee-Plaintiff. )
APPEAL FROM THE DELAWARE CIRCUIT COURT The Honorable Richard A. Dailey, Judge Cause No. 18C02-1006-FD-80
April 12, 2012
MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION
NAJAM, Judge STATEMENT OF THE CASE
Robert E. Stanley appeals his conviction for home improvement fraud, as a Class
D felony, following a jury trial. Stanley raises four issues for our review, which we
restate as the following three issues:
1. Whether the trial court erred when it tried Stanley in absentia;
2. Whether the trial court committed fundamental error when it permitted Stanley to twice appear without counsel; and
3. Whether the State presented sufficient evidence to support Stanley’s conviction.
We affirm.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
On March 18, 2010, Stanley knocked on the door of the home of Willard and
Mary Barlage, an elderly couple in Muncie. When Willard answered the door, Stanley
told him that he had done repair work for the Barlages in the past and that he had noticed
the Barlages’ planter was broken. Stanley then offered to fix the planter for between
ninety and one-hundred dollars, and Willard agreed. After a few hours of work, Stanley
then told the Barlages that the total amount due was $1,850. Shortly after paying Stanley,
the Barlages decided to call the police.
On June 2, 2010, the State charged Stanley with home improvement fraud, as a
Class D felony. The State also alleged Stanley to be an habitual offender. On June 2,
2011, the court held a status hearing, at which Stanley’s counsel was present but Stanley
was not. Stanley’s counsel informed the court as follows: “Judge . . . [t]his case is
scheduled for a Jury Trial on June 20th[] of this month . . . . My understanding . . . was
2 that Mr. Stanley previously appeared in Court[] and was notified of that Jury Trial date in
person.” Transcript at 6-7. Stanley’s counsel then informed the court that he had
attempted to serve notice of the trial date at Stanley’s last known address, but the notice
was returned.
Eighteen days later, the court held Stanley’s jury trial as scheduled. Stanley failed
to appear, and the jury found him guilty as charged. Stanley was also found to be an
habitual offender.
Two days after his jury trial, the court learned that Stanley was being held in the
Madison County Jail. The court ordered the Delaware County Sheriff to transport
Stanley to the courtroom “as soon as possible.” Appellant’s App. at 63. On July 5,
Stanley was brought before the court, and the court informed him that he had been tried
in absentia and found guilty. Stanley stated that he had been in jail, and he then waived
his right to a sentencing hearing within thirty days and informed the court that he would
hire his own counsel before his sentencing hearing. The court responded, “All right . . . .
[I]f between now and Sentencing . . . you decide that you can’t afford counsel, you’re
going to need to let the Court know. You understand that, that’s your burden.”
Transcript at 92. Stanley agreed that he understood that was his burden.
The court held Stanley’s sentencing hearing on August 25. That day, Stanley
informed the court that he needed court-appointed counsel. The court denied Stanley’s
request as untimely. The court then sentenced Stanley to an aggregate term of seven and
one-half years executed. This appeal ensued.
3 DISCUSSION AND DECISION
Issue One: Trial In Absentia
Stanley first contends that the trial court erred when it tried him in absentia.
Specifically, Stanley contends that he had no actual knowledge of the trial date and that
he had no chance to explain his absence at the subsequent hearing on July 5. We cannot
agree.
As our supreme court has stated:
A defendant in a criminal proceeding has a right to be present at all stages of his or her trial. U.S. Const. amend. VI; Ind. Const. art. I, § 13; Fennell v. State, 492 N.E.2d 297, 299 (Ind. 1986). A defendant may waive this right and be tried in absentia if the trial court determines that the defendant knowingly and voluntarily waived that right. Freeman v. State, 541 N.E.2d 533, 535 (Ind. 1989); Fennell, 492 N.E.2d at 299. The best evidence that a defendant knowingly and voluntarily waived his or her right to be present at trial is the “defendant’s presence in court on the day the matter is set for trial.” Fennell, 492 N.E.2d at 299 (citing Brown v. State, 181 Ind. App. 102, 390 N.E.2d 1058 (1979)).
Lampkins v. State, 682 N.E.2d 1268, 1273 (Ind. 1997). Further, “[a] defendant’s
explanation of his absence is a part of the evidence available to this Court on the question
of whether it was error to try him in absentia.” Id. (quotations omitted).
Here, according to the statements of Stanley’s trial counsel at the June 2, 2011,
status hearing, Stanley was personally informed of the trial date. See Transcript at 6-7.
Nonetheless, Stanley did not appear for his trial on the scheduled date. As such, the trial
court did not err when it concluded that Stanley knowingly and voluntarily waived his
right to be present at trial. See Lampkins, 682 N.E.2d at 1273.
Stanley also argues that he was denied an opportunity to explain his absence at the
July 5 hearing. But at that hearing Stanley informed the court that he was in the Madison 4 County Jail during his trial. Thus, he was not denied an opportunity to explain his
absence when he did in fact give an explanation. We also agree with the State that,
Stanley’s statements to the trial court aside, the record does not unequivocally
demonstrate that he was actually in jail on his trial date. And if he were in jail, the record
is clear that he did not inform the trial court despite his actual knowledge of his imminent
trial date. Accordingly, the record supports the conclusion that Stanley knowingly and
voluntarily waived his right to be present at his trial.
Issue Two: Right to Counsel
Stanley next contends that the trial court committed fundamental error when it
denied him his right to counsel during the July 5 hearing and the August 25 sentencing
hearing. As this court has stated on several occasions:
The fundamental error doctrine is extremely narrow. Sandifur v. State, 815 N.E.2d 1042, 1046 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004), trans. denied. To qualify as fundamental error, an error must be so prejudicial to the rights of the defendant as to make a fair trial impossible. Id. Further, the error must constitute a blatant violation of basic principles, the harm, or potential for harm must be substantial, and the resulting error must deny the defendant fundamental due process. Id.
Rowe v. State, 867 N.E.2d 262, 266 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007).
We fail to see how either of the alleged errors was such a blatant violation that
they denied Stanley fundamental due process. He does not suggest, and we cannot
discern, how having counsel present at the July 5 hearing would have mattered. As noted
above, he gave his explanation for his absence at that hearing, which was the apparent
purpose for the hearing. And he plainly waived his right to counsel for the August 25
sentencing hearing, as the trial court determined, when he waited until that day to request
5 court-appointed counsel. It is well established that the right to counsel is waivable, and
Stanley does not suggest that he was not properly advised of his right. See, e.g.,
Frederick v. State, 658 N.E.2d 941, 943-44 (Ind. Ct. App. 2000). We hold that neither of
Stanley’s allegations regarding the right to counsel demonstrates fundamental error.
Issue Three: Sufficient Evidence
Finally, Stanley asserts that the State failed to present sufficient evidence to
support his conviction for home improvement fraud. When reviewing a claim of
sufficiency of the evidence, we do not reweigh the evidence or judge the credibility of the
witnesses. Jones v. State, 783 N.E.2d 1132, 1139 (Ind. 2003). We look only to the
probative evidence supporting the verdict and the reasonable inferences that may be
drawn from that evidence to determine whether a reasonable trier of fact could conclude
the defendant was guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Id. If there is substantial evidence
of probative value to support the conviction, it will not be set aside.
To prove home improvement fraud, as a Class D felony, the State was required to
show that Stanley was a home improvement supplier who entered into a home
improvement contract with the Barlages, that both Willard and Mary were over sixty
years of age, and that in contracting with them Stanley knowingly misrepresented a
material fact relating to the terms of the contract or promised performance that he did not
intend to perform or knew would not be performed. See Ind. Code §§ 35-43-6-12, -13.
On appeal, Stanley asserts that “the witnesses presented by the State [the Barlages] failed
to identify the defendant as the individual who came to the house to perform work.”
Appellant’s Br. at 17.
6 Ignoring the fact that Stanley absented himself from his trial, and thereby denied
the witnesses the opportunity to point him out to the jury, we cannot agree that the State
failed to present sufficient evidence of Stanley’s identity. Both Willard and Mary
testified that they saw Stanley, and another State witness, Muncie Police Officer Jesse
Winningham, testified that both Willard and Mary picked Stanley’s photograph out of an
photo array. That evidence is sufficient to support the verdict.1
Affirmed.
RILEY, J., and DARDEN, J., concur.
1 The State suggests that the trial court’s sentencing order “might” need to be clarified because the court ordered the habitual offender enhancement to run “consecutive” to the felony conviction. Appellee’s Br. at 27. But the State also recognizes that, “[o]f course[,] the habitual offender part of the sentence is an enhancement, and not a separate sentence.” Id. Stanley does not appeal the sentencing order or otherwise suggest that it is unclear. Accordingly, we do not believe a remand for clarification is necessary in this case. 7