COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Clements, Felton and McClanahan Argued at Alexandria, Virginia
ROBERT DALE BURROUGHS MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY v. Record No. 3043-03-4 JUDGE JEAN HARRISON CLEMENTS SEPTEMBER 14, 2004 FREDERICK (COUNTY OF) SCHOOL BOARD AND VIRGINIA MUNICIPAL GROUP SELF-INSURANCE ASSOCIATION
FROM THE VIRGINIA WORKERS’ COMPENSATION COMMISSION
Kathleen G. Walsh for appellant.
Ralph L. Whitt, Jr. (Jennifer C. Williamson; Whitt & Associates, on brief), for appellees.
This appeal arises from a decision of the Workers’ Compensation Commission
(commission) denying the application of Robert Burroughs (claimant) for temporary total
disability payments and continued medical benefits. On appeal, claimant contends the
commission erred in finding that the doctrine of imposition did not operate to save his claim
from the statute of limitations bar. Finding no error, we affirm the commission’s decision not to
invoke the doctrine of imposition.
As the parties are fully conversant with the record in this case and because this
memorandum opinion carries no precedential value, this opinion recites only those facts and
incidents of the proceedings as are necessary to the parties’ understanding of the disposition of
this appeal.
* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. I. BACKGROUND
In accordance with familiar appellate principles, we view the evidence in the light most
favorable to employer, the prevailing party below. See R.G. Moore Bldg. Corp. v. Mullins, 10
Va. App. 211, 212, 390 S.E.2d 788, 788 (1990). So viewed, the evidence established that, on
May 25, 1996, while in the employ of the Frederick County School Board (employer), claimant
sustained an injury to his back. He received medical treatment that was paid for by employer
and was given light duty work by employer. Between May 1996 and August 1998, claimant
continued to work in a limited capacity and receive medical treatment for his injured back.
Claimant testified that he took his medical bills and treatment reports relating to his
work-related injury to the Human Resources department (HR), where he dealt with HR staff
members Elizabeth A. Patterson and John F. Huntsberger. Claimant further testified that, when
he dropped off his medical bills and reports at HR he would ask, “Do I need to do anything else
with this?” and Huntsberger or Patterson would respond that “they would take care of
everything” and that “everything was taken care of.” Claimant testified that he understood the
HR personnel’s response to mean that there was nothing else he needed to do with respect to his
workers’ compensation benefits, including the preservation of his continuing rights to those
benefits.
Patterson, an HR analyst, testified that she did not recall “handl[ing] or participat[ing] in
any way in the handling of [claimant’s] workers’ compensation claim from 1996 to . . . 1998”
and did not recall “hav[ing] any conversations with [claimant] about his 1996 workers’
compensation claim at any time.” She further testified that, if claimant or anyone else had asked
her questions about their workers’ compensation claim, she “would have directed them to
someone else,” because that was not her responsibility.
-2- Huntsberger, the HR coordinator, testified that he had no recall of claimant ever
presenting a medical bill or other document pertaining to his 1996 workers’ compensation claim
to him or of ever having “any conversations with [claimant] about any aspect of his 1996
workers’ compensation claim” prior to September 1998, much less assuring claimant that
“everything” was taken care of or that they would take care of “everything.” Asked how he
would have handled a situation where an employee “dropped off a bill or a medical report and
. . . asked [the HR personnel] if there was anything else that they had to do,” Huntsberger
testified as follows:
I guess it would depend upon what they’re asking about having to do, all our responsibility was, was to send the bill on to [the insurance carrier handling the workers’ compensation claims,] so if they’re asking about that I would have said no, the, the bills will be taken care of, we’ll send them into [the insurance carrier], if that’s what you mean.
Claimant also testified he was led to believe by his supervisor, Larry E. Rickard, that all
he needed to do was fill out the accident report and submit his medical bills and “everything”
concerning his workers’ compensation claim “would be taken care of.” According to claimant,
after submitting paperwork he got from doctors for the treatment he received two or three times a
week, he would ask Rickard if there was “anything else [he] need[ed] to do” and Rickard would
respond, “[N]o, . . . we’ll take care of it.” Claimant testified that he understood from this
response that the forms he had already filled out and the documents he had submitted were all
that was necessary to preserve his claim.
Rickard testified that he did not recall claimant ever asking him if his “workers’
compensation claim [was] taken care of” or if “there [was] anything else [he had] to do” relative
to the claim itself. Rickard further testified that, upon learning of claimant’s injury on May 25,
1996, he gave claimant the necessary forms to report the accident and informed him of
employer’s procedure for doing so: “fill out the proper forms and we’d submit them to . . . HR” -3- and “HR would deal with the paperwork” and “do whatever [was] necessary.” According to
Rickard, his office was only responsible for sending the workers’ compensation notification to
HR, and all related paperwork submitted to his office was simply passed on to HR. Rickard also
testified that, when claimant asked him about his workers’ compensation claim, he would tell
claimant “that he needed to work through [HR],” because Rickard did “not have the expertise to
deal with Workers’ Comp[ensation].”
Connie W. Jones, claimant’s claims adjuster, testified that she never told claimant that
“he need do nothing further in terms of perfecting . . . or preserving his workers’ compensation
claim.” Jones further testified that claimant never contacted her “to ask if there was anything he
needed to do regarding his workers’ compensation claim or anything he needed to file or whether
everything was taken care of or not.” Jones also specifically denied claimant’s allegation that
she advised claimant “not to file anything with the commission regarding [his] May 25, 1996
claim.”
In August 1996, employer filed a Form 45A report of minor injury with the commission.
In January 1997, when claimant’s medical bills, which had been paid by employer, exceeded
$1,000, employer filed an Employer’s First Report of Accident (EFRA) with the commission.
That report listed claimant’s street address as “133 Chyenne Trail.” Claimant testified that his
correct address was “133 Cheyenne Trail.” The EFRA indicates that it was prepared for
employer by “Cathy L. Carpenter,” but no evidence was offered regarding the source of the
misspelling.
On February 6, 1997, the commission sent a “blue letter” to claimant, detailing the
procedure he must follow to preserve his rights under the Workers’ Compensation Act. That
letter was sent to claimant at “133 Chyenne Trail.” Claimant testified that he did not receive the
letter. However, the “blue letter” was not returned to the commission as undeliverable.
-4- On August 11, 1998, employer refused payment on a medical procedure for claimant,
because no claim for benefits had been filed. On August 31, 1998, claimant filed a claim for
benefits. On September 17, 1998, the commission wrote claimant and informed him that his
claim was barred by the statute of limitations. Claimant acknowledged that he received that
letter, which was sent to him at “133 Cheyenne Trail.” The commission’s letter explicitly
allowed claimant to provide a written explanation to the commission within two weeks detailing
why the two-year time limit should be extended in this case. Claimant did not respond until
March 8, 2002, at which time he advised the commission that he had a legal reason for extending
the filing deadline. Asked why he did not respond to the commission’s September 17, 1998
letter, claimant testified that, although he understood the letter’s contents, he believed there was
nothing else he could do to preserve his claim.
On March 6, 2002, claimant requested a hearing by the commission on his claim. On
February 20, 2003, after conducting a hearing on the matter, a deputy commissioner denied
claimant’s claim on the ground that his application was barred by the statute of limitations
contained in Code § 65.2-601. In reaching that decision, the deputy commissioner found that the
doctrines of imposition and estoppel were inapplicable because employer “did nothing to
prejudice . . . claimant or to induce him not to file the claim.” On review, a majority of the full
commission affirmed the deputy commissioner’s decision.
This appeal followed.
II. ANALYSIS
On appeal, claimant argues that, although he did not file a claim with the commission
within two years of his 1996 work-related accident, the doctrine of imposition should apply to
save his claim from the statute of limitations bar because (1) employer’s representatives,
including his supervisor, advised him, in response to his inquiries, that he did not need to do
-5- anything else with regard to his claim and (2) he never received the commission’s February 6,
1997 “blue letter” instructing him how to preserve his claim because employer provided the
commission with an incorrect spelling of his street address. Thus, he contends the commission
erred in finding that the doctrine of imposition did not apply in this case. We disagree.
“Matters of weight and preponderance of the evidence, and the resolution of conflicting
inferences fairly deducible from the evidence, are within the prerogative of the commission and
are conclusive and binding on the Court of Appeals.” Kim v. Sportswear, 10 Va. App. 460, 465,
393 S.E.2d 418, 421 (1990) (citation omitted); see also Code § 65.2-706(A). “If there is
[credible] evidence, or reasonable inferences can be drawn from [credible] evidence, to support
the [c]ommission’s findings, they will not be disturbed on review, even though there is evidence
in the record to support a contrary finding.” Morris v. Badger Powhatan/Figgie Int’l, Inc., 3
Va. App. 276, 279, 348 S.E.2d 876, 877 (1986). “In determining whether credible evidence
exists, the appellate court does not retry the facts, reweigh the preponderance of the evidence, or
make its own determination of the credibility of the witnesses.” Wagner Enters., Inc. v. Brooks,
12 Va. App. 890, 894, 407 S.E.2d 32, 35 (1991).
It is well established that, where an injured employee fails to file a claim for
compensation with the commission within two years of the work-related accident, his or her right
to compensation “shall be forever barred.” Code § 65.2-601. “Timely filing of an original claim
is jurisdictional . . . .” Massey Builders Supply Corp. v. Colgan, 36 Va. App. 496, 502, 553
S.E.2d 146, 149 (2001). Moreover, “an employer has no affirmative duty under the [Workers’
Compensation] Act to inform an injured employee of the need to file a claim with the
commission within the statutory period . . . .” Jenkins v. Ford Motor Co., 27 Va. App. 281, 288,
498 S.E.2d 445, 449 (1998).
-6- However, as claimant correctly points out, the commission has equitable jurisdiction
under the doctrine of imposition “to do full and complete justice in each case.” Harris v.
Diamond Const. Co., 184 Va. 711, 720, 36 S.E.2d 573, 577 (1946); see also John Driggs Co. v.
Somers, 228 Va. 729, 734, 324 S.E.2d 694, 697 (1985). The imposition doctrine “empowers the
commission in appropriate cases to render decisions based on justice shown by the total
circumstances even though no fraud, mistake or concealment has been shown.” Avon Products,
Inc. v. Ross, 14 Va. App. 1, 7, 415 S.E.2d 225, 228 (1992). “The doctrine focuses on an
employer’s or the commission’s use of superior knowledge of or experience with the Workers’
Compensation Act or use of economic leverage, which results in an unjust deprivation to the
employee of benefits warranted under the Act,” and “applies where, inter alia, the record shows
a series of acts by the employer or the commission upon which a claimant naturally and
reasonably relies to his or her detriment.” Butler v. City of Virginia Beach, 22 Va. App. 601,
605, 471 S.E.2d 830, 832 (1996) (citing Odom v. Red Lobster # 235, 20 Va. App. 228, 235, 456
S.E.2d 140, 143 (1995)). “The issue is whether under the totality of the circumstances shown,
the actions of the employer and its carrier created an imposition on the commission and the
claimant which empowered the commission ‘do full and complete justice.’” Avon Products,
Inc., 14 Va. App. at 8, 415 S.E.2d at 229.
In Avon Products, Inc., for example, we approved an award where the claimant had not
timely perfected her claim, because, in response to the claimant’s specific inquiry about the filing
of a document required to perfect her claim, the employer incorrectly informed the claimant that
“whatever was necessary to protect her interests had been done.” Id. at 3, 415 S.E.2d at 226.
Likewise, in Odom, we permitted the claimant’s late filing of a claim because the employer and
the commission mistakenly led her to reasonably believe that a timely claim had already been
filed. 20 Va. App. at 235, 456 S.E.2d at 143. In fact, the commission specifically informed
-7- Odom “that she ‘[had] a claim number and it had been filed and everything [was] all right’ with
her claim” and later told her attorney “that the claim had been filed.” Id. at 232, 456 S.E.2d at
142.
Here, however, viewed in the light most favorable to employer, the evidence fails to
show that employer or the commission said or did anything that prevented claimant from filing a
claim or led him to reasonably believe that he did not need to file a claim. Indeed, unlike in
Avon Products, Inc. and Odom, neither employer nor the commission ever represented to
claimant that all the documents necessary to perfect his claim had been timely filed. Likewise,
no evidence suggests that employer or the commission otherwise incorrectly informed claimant
about any aspect of his claim or used “superior knowledge of or experience with the Workers’
Compensation Act” to deprive him of benefits. Butler, 22 Va. App. at 605, 471 S.E.2d at 830.
Plainly, any assurances claimant received from employer’s HR staff that “they would
take care of everything” and that “everything was taken care of” were limited to the specific
medical bill or treatment report that claimant was submitting to HR for processing at the time.
The assurances were given exclusively in response to claimant’s routine inquiry when he
dropped off a bill or report as to whether he “needed to do anything else with this?” Thus, such
assurances could reasonably be interpreted to mean only that the specific bill or report submitted
by claimant would be processed and submitted to the insurance carrier without the need for
claimant to do anything else. They did not refer to or encompass the status of claimant’s overall
workers’ compensation claim.
Similarly, the assurances claimant received from his supervisor that “we’ll take care of it”
and that “HR would deal with the paperwork” and “do whatever [was] necessary” did not refer to
the perfection of claimant’s overall claim and did not constitute a representation that the
employer would file a claim for benefits on his behalf. In fact, claimant himself testified that his
-8- inquiries to Rickard whether he needed to do anything else were made solely in connection with
his submission of the treatment reports he received from his doctors. Likewise, Rickard testified
that he had no recollection of claimant ever asking him whether his overall claim was “taken care
of” or whether there was anything else he needed to do with regard to the claim itself. Rickard
further testified that he told claimant to direct any questions he had regarding his workers’
compensation claim to HR because Rickard did “not have the expertise to deal with Workers’
Comp[ensation].” Thus, claimant could not reasonably rely on Rickard’s assurances regarding
the processing of specific treatment reports as meaning that claimant’s claim for benefits was
filed with the commission or that claimant did not need to do anything else to perfect his claim.
Furthermore, although claimant testified he did not receive the commission’s “blue letter”
informing him how to preserve his claim, as the commission noted, the commission’s “file does
not reflect that its ‘blue letter’ sent to [claimant] at the ‘133 Chyenne Trail’ address was returned
by the United States Postal Service as undeliverable.” Thus, the commission was entitled to
presume that the letter was received by its intended recipient. See Myers v. Bibee Grocery Co.,
148 Va. 282, 291-94, 138 S.E. 570, 573-74 (1927) (observing that, where notice letters are
addressed with dubious dependability but are not returned to sender by the post office, it is a
question of fact whether such letters have been received). And, though the claimant in his
testimony offered evidence to rebut that presumption, the commission, in its exclusive purview
as the finder of fact, was under no obligation to find that he had done so. See id.; Manassas Park
Development Co. v. Offutt, 203 Va. 382, 385, 124 S.E.2d 29, 31 (1962) (noting that “a denial by
the addressee of the receipt of the letter raises an issue of fact” for the fact finder).
Additionally, even if the commission had accepted the claimant’s testimony that he never
received the “blue letter,” no evidence was offered that the misspelling was the fault of the
employer. If the misspelling was caused by claimant, rather than employer, the imposition
-9- doctrine would not operate to preserve claimant’s right. See Butler, 22 Va. App. at 605, 471
S.E.2d at 832 (declining to apply the doctrine of imposition where the imposition “resulted from
claimant’s own act”). Since no evidence on the issue was offered, the commission could
properly conclude that the record did not establish that claimant’s failure to receive the “blue
letter” was employer’s fault, rather than his own. Furthermore, as the commission noted,
“claimant’s failure to receive [the ‘blue letter’] alone would not be grounds to apply the doctrine
of imposition.” See Jenkins, 27 Va. App. at 292, 498 S.E.2d at 451 (“Whether an employee has
received a ‘blue letter’ or guide outlining commission procedures and the claim filing
requirement is [but] one circumstance to be considered in evaluating the totality of the
circumstances.”).
Similarly, we have held that “the doctrine of imposition does not apply where a carrier’s
or employer’s acts are consistent with an endeavor to comply with the [Workers’ Compensation]
Act.” Odom, 20 Va. App. at 234, 456 S.E.2d at 143 (citing Cheski v. Arlington County Pub.
Schs., 16 Va. App. 936, 940, 434 S.E.2d 353, 356 (1993)). In this case, nothing in this record
indicates that employer did not endeavor to comply with the requirements of the Workers’
Compensation Act. To the contrary, employer accommodated claimant’s physical limitations,
paid for his medical treatments pertaining to his work-related injury, and properly filed a Form
45A report of minor injury and an EFRA with the commission.
We conclude, therefore, that claimant’s failure to file a claim for compensation with the
commission within two years of his 1996 work-related accident cannot be blamed on employer
or the commission. This conclusion is buttressed by the fact that, when notified by the
commission that he could provide a written explanation within two weeks explaining why the
two-year time limit should not apply to bar his claim, claimant did not respond for more than
three years.
- 10 - Although expiration of the statute of limitations on this claim was unfortunate, it did not result from employer’s or the commission’s use of superior knowledge or economic leverage. To create an exception to the bar of the statute of limitations under circumstances such as these would, in effect, allow the exception to swallow the rule.
Jenkins, 27 Va. App. at 293, 498 S.E.2d at 451.
Accordingly, we affirm the commission’s decision that, upon the facts and circumstances
of this case, the doctrine of imposition did not apply to permit claimant’s late filing of his
Affirmed.
- 11 -