Robert Ciarpaglini v. Felicia Norwood

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedMarch 25, 2016
Docket14-1588
StatusPublished

This text of Robert Ciarpaglini v. Felicia Norwood (Robert Ciarpaglini v. Felicia Norwood) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Robert Ciarpaglini v. Felicia Norwood, (7th Cir. 2016).

Opinion

In the

United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit ____________________ No. 14‐1588 ROBERT B. CIARPAGLINI, Plaintiff‐Appellant,

v.

FELICIA NORWOOD, in her official capacity as Director of Illi‐ nois Department of Healthcare and Family Services, et al., Defendants‐Appellees. ____________________

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Western Division. No. 13 C 50213 — Philip G. Reinhard, Judge. ____________________

MARCH 25, 2016 ____________________

Before WOOD, Chief Judge, and MANION and HAMILTON, Circuit Judges. HAMILTON, Circuit Judge. Plaintiff Robert B. Ciarpaglini, an Illinois Medicaid participant, challenges Illinois legislation that caps at four the number of prescriptions a Medicaid re‐ cipient can receive without prior approval within a thirty‐day period. See 305 Ill. Comp. Stat. 5/5‐5.12(j). At the time he filed suit, he was subject to that legislation and alleged he was 2 No. 14‐1588

struggling to obtain his medications because of it. While his suit was pending, though, he was moved to a managed care program. As a result he is no longer subject to that cap. The main dispute before us, though not the only one, is whether the transfer to managed care rendered moot Ciar‐ paglini’s claims for declaratory and injunctive relief. The dis‐ trict court held that it did. Ciarpaglini v. Quinn, No. 13 C 50213, 2014 WL 1018146 (N.D. Ill. Mar. 17, 2014). Although Ciar‐ paglini offered evidence that the switch might not be perma‐ nent, the court held his arguments were “simply speculation,” “no more than a guess,” and insufficient to create a “reason‐ able expectation” that the four‐prescription limit would apply to him in the future. Id. at *3. We hold that there is insufficient evidence in the record to determine whether Ciarpaglini’s claims for injunctive relief are moot, a conclusion we explain further below. We remand this matter to the district court for limited fact‐finding pro‐ ceedings aimed at permitting both sides to develop a record on the question of mootness. We retain jurisdiction of this matter pending completion of those proceedings.1 I. Factual and Procedural Background The central claim in this appeal is plaintiff’s challenge un‐ der federal law to what he calls the “four‐prescription limita‐ tion” in Illinois’s Medicaid program. The Medicaid program covers prescription medicines. As a cost‐control measure, Illi‐ nois enacted legislation in 2012 requiring prior approval for

1 The district court dismissed various other claims for damages on

grounds of immunity and failure to state a claim on which relief could be granted. We will resolve the appeal of those claims once the proceedings on remand are complete. No. 14‐1588 3

reimbursement for more than four prescriptions for one pa‐ tient within a thirty‐day period. 305 Ill. Comp. Stat. 5/5‐5.12(j). We refer to this provision as the prior‐approval requirement. We accept plaintiff Robert Ciarpaglini’s well‐pled allega‐ tions as true for purposes of this appeal. See St. John’s United Church of Christ v. City of Chicago, 502 F.3d 616, 625 (7th Cir. 2007), quoting Long v. Shorebank Development Corp., 182 F.3d 548, 554 (7th Cir. 1999). Because courts may properly look be‐ yond the jurisdictional allegations of a complaint and view evidence to determine whether subject matter jurisdiction ex‐ ists in fact, id., we also consider Ciarpaglini’s declaration, the truth of which defendants have not challenged at this stage of the case. Plaintiff Ciarpaglini is an Illinois Medicaid recipient. He suffers from several chronic conditions, including bipolar dis‐ order, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder. Doctors have prescribed at least seven medications to manage these conditions. Ciar‐ paglini alleges that after the prior‐approval requirement took effect, he could not, at least at times, obtain the medications he needed. (He acknowledges the prior‐approval mechanism but calls the system “fraught with flaws” and says it does not guarantee he will be able to get his medications.) He alleges that as a result he has contemplated committing suicide, com‐ mitting petty crimes so that he would be jailed, or checking himself into hospitals just to get the medications he needed. After informal complaints to state officials failed to pro‐ duce action, Ciarpaglini filed this pro se lawsuit in June 2013. He challenges the prior‐approval requirement as a violation of federal Medicaid law, the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Rehabilitation Act, and the Constitution. 4 No. 14‐1588

A few months later, sometime in September or October 2013, Illinois moved Ciarpaglini from the general fee‐for‐ser‐ vice Medicaid program to a new managed care program. The prior‐approval requirement for prescription medications does not apply to Ciarpaglini under the managed care pro‐ gram. That change led the defendants to move to dismiss his central claim as moot. As part of its broader final judgment, the district court agreed, and plaintiff has appealed. After re‐ viewing the briefs submitted in the pro se appeal, we ap‐ pointed counsel to represent plaintiff and ordered supple‐ mental briefing. The law firm of Jenner & Block has ably rep‐ resented him and assisted the court in this appeal. II. Analysis of Justiciability Issues Article III of the Constitution limits the jurisdiction of fed‐ eral courts to “cases” and “controversies.” Campbell‐Ewald Co. v. Gomez, 577 U.S. —, 136 S. Ct. 663, 669 (2016). This requires an actual controversy at “all stages of review, not merely at the time the complaint is filed.” Id., quoting Arizonans for Of‐ ficial English v. Arizona, 520 U.S. 43, 67 (1997); see also Milwau‐ kee Police Ass’n v. Board of Fire & Police Comm’rs, 708 F.3d 921, 929 (7th Cir. 2013). The issue here is whether the defendants’ switch of plaintiff from the fee‐for‐service program to the managed care program has rendered moot his challenge to the prior‐approval requirement. Relevant to this issue, plaintiff submitted a declaration in opposition to defendants’ motion to dismiss saying that when he moved to the managed care program, he asked a defendant state official whether the relief from the prior‐approval re‐ quirement was permanent. He was told no, that he could be subjected to the requirement again if he moved to another county without the managed‐care program or if the state’s No. 14‐1588 5

“fiscal issues” did not improve. Plaintiff also asserted that when he received this news, he “wanted to move out of Win‐ nebago County and into Stephenson County,” where he would again be subject to the prior‐approval requirement. Plaintiff offers three theories for finding his challenge is not moot and is otherwise justiciable: the so‐called voluntary cessation exception to mootness; the mootness exception for wrongs capable of repetition that would otherwise evade re‐ view; and a pre‐enforcement challenge to the requirement in the county where he wants to move. A. Voluntary Cessation Courts are understandably skeptical when a defendant seeks dismissal of an injunctive claim as moot on the ground that it has changed its practice while reserving the right to go back to its old ways after the lawsuit is dismissed. E.g., United States v. W. T. Grant Co., 345 U.S. 629

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Robert Ciarpaglini v. Felicia Norwood, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/robert-ciarpaglini-v-felicia-norwood-ca7-2016.