Robert C. Tindall v. Lynne L. Tindall

• Court: Court of Appeals of Virginia
• Decided: July 27, 2004
• Docket: 0666041
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present: Judges Bumgardner, Kelsey and Senior Judge Hodges

ROBERT C. TINDALL MEMORANDUM OPINION* v. Record No. 0666-04-1 PER CURIAM JULY 27, 2004 LYNNE L. TINDALL

FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF VIRGINIA BEACH A. Joseph Canada, Jr., Judge

(Debra C. Albiston; Kaufman & Canoles, P.C., on briefs), for appellant.

(Glenn R. Croshaw; Robert L. “Bo” Foley; Willcox & Savage, P.C., on brief), for appellee.

On appeal, Robert C. Tindall (husband) contends the trial court erred in (1) finding that there

has been no material change of circumstances in the income and expenses of Lynne L. Tindall

(wife) since 1992, and (2) denying his motion to reduce spousal support. Specifically, husband

argues that there has been a material change in the financial needs of wife because she now has two

sources of income that she did not have in 1992. Upon reviewing the record and briefs of the

parties, we conclude that this appeal is without merit. Accordingly, we summarily affirm the

decision of the trial court. See Rule 5A:27.

BACKGROUND

On appeal, we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the party prevailing

below, affording to the evidence all inferences reasonably deducible therefrom. See McGuire v.

McGuire, 10 Va. App. 248, 250, 391 S.E.2d 344, 346 (1990).

* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. The parties were divorced by a final decree entered on July 8, 1993. Pursuant to the

decree, husband was to pay wife $4,000 per month in spousal support. On June 27, 2003,

husband filed a petition seeking to reduce his spousal support on the ground that there has been a

material change of circumstances regarding wife’s financial needs.

At the time of the December 3, 2003 ore tenus hearing, husband was sixty and wife was

sixty-seven years old. Evidence showed that husband had an annual income of $151,000 in

1992, and about $167,000 in 2003. Evidence also established that husband makes voluntary

deductions and donations which lessen his potential income and has financial resources from

which he can derive additional income, but has elected to underutilize them.

Wife testified that she was last employed thirty-five years ago doing clerical work, and

the last time she attempted to obtain employment was in 1992. Moreover, wife does not drive.

She explained that inflation has affected her standard of living and that although she no longer

pays the mortgage on the former marital residence, she also no longer can deduct that interest

from her taxes. Wife testified that she has been taking medication for anxiety and depression

over the past two years. Her claimed monthly expenses were $4,572 in 1992 and $4,879 in

2003. Wife now has a monthly income of $1,312 from retirement and Social Security, which she

did not have in 1992.

The trial court found that husband’s income “is . . . very similar to what it was in 1992,

although the numbers are greater” and that wife’s “income is a little bit greater” because she now

receives Social Security and a small pension. However, because of inflation, the trial court

found that wife’s income was essentially the same as it was in 1992. The trial court also found

that husband has “quite a few assets,” some of which he has “chosen not to draw on.” In

addition, the trial court considered wife’s health and other circumstances and found that she was

-2- “not capable of working at this time.” As a result, the trial court found there was no material

change of circumstances.

ANALYSIS

“Upon petition of either party, a court may . . . [modify] . . . spousal support . . . as the

circumstances may make proper.” Code § 20-109. “The moving party in a petition for

modification of support is required to prove both a material change in circumstances and that this

change warrants a modification of support.” Schoenwetter v. Schoenwetter, 8 Va. App. 601,

605, 383 S.E.2d 28, 30 (1989). The material change in circumstances “must bear upon the

financial needs of the dependent spouse or the ability of the supporting spouse to pay.”

Hollowell v. Hollowell, 6 Va. App. 417, 419, 319 S.E.2d 451, 452 (1988). “The ‘circumstances’

which make ‘proper’ an increase, reduction or cessation of spousal support under Code § 20-109

are financial and economic ones.” Id. at 419, 369 S.E.2d at 452-53. Some of the factors the trial

court must consider include: “[t]he obligations, needs and financial resources of the parties,”

including, inter alia, “income from all pension, profit sharing or retirement plans, of whatever

nature;” “[t]he standard of living established during the marriage;” and “[t]he earning capacity,

including the skills, education and training of the parties and the present employment

opportunities for persons possessing such earning capacity.” Code § 20-107.1(E).

Not every material change of circumstances warrants a modification of support. See

Blackburn v. Michael, 30 Va. App. 95, 103, 515 S.E.2d 780, 784 (1999).

A material change in circumstances, standing alone, does not provide a basis for the trial court to modify its support decree. A modification is appropriate only after the court has considered the material change in circumstances in relation to . . . the present circumstances of both parties . . . . Thus, in a petition for reduction of support, the trial court must assess whether the requested reduction, based on a material change in circumstances, is justified in light of the overall circumstances of both parties . . . .

-3- Yohay v. Ryan, 4 Va. App. 559, 566, 359 S.E.2d 320, 324 (1987) (addressing modification of

child support); see also Furr v. Furr, 13 Va. App. 479, 481, 413 S.E.2d 72, 73 (1992).

“Where, as here, the court hears the evidence ore tenus, its finding is entitled to great

weight and will not be disturbed on appeal unless plainly wrong or without evidence to support

it.” Pommerenke v. Pommerenke, 7 Va. App. 241, 244, 372 S.E.2d 630, 631 (1988). “‘In

determining whether credible evidence exists, the appellate court does not retry the facts,

reweigh the preponderance of the evidence, or make its own determination of the credibility of

witnesses.’” Moreno v. Moreno, 24 Va. App. 190, 195, 480 S.E.2d 792, 795 (1997) (quoting

Wagner Enters., Inc. v. Brooks, 12 Va. App. 890, 894, 407 S.E.2d 32, 35 (1991)).

The trial court considered the evidence and the relevant statutory factors in finding no

material change of circumstances warranting a modification in support, and it explained in detail

its rationale for doing so. The record contains sufficient credible evidence to support that

decision. Thus, husband failed to carry his burden to prove both a material change in

circumstances and that such a change warranted a modification of support. Accordingly, the trial

court’s decision is not plainly wrong.

Affirmed.

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