Robert Brooks v. Department of the Navy

CourtMerit Systems Protection Board
DecidedApril 24, 2026
DocketSF-1221-17-0131-B-1
StatusUnpublished

This text of Robert Brooks v. Department of the Navy (Robert Brooks v. Department of the Navy) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Merit Systems Protection Board primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Robert Brooks v. Department of the Navy, (Miss. 2026).

Opinion

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD

ROBERT AUGUSTUS BROOKS, DOCKET NUMBER Appellant, SF-1221-17-0131-B-1

v.

DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY, DATE: April 24, 2026 Agency.

THIS FINAL ORDER IS NONPRECEDENTIAL 1

Robert Augustus Brooks , Green Cove Springs, Florida, pro se.

Christina Fuentes , Washington Navy Yard, D.C., for the agency.

BEFORE

Henry J. Kerner, Vice Chairman James J. Woodruff II, Member

FINAL ORDER

The appellant has filed a petition for review of the remand initial decision, which denied his request for corrective action under the Whistleblower Protection Act. Generally, we grant petitions such as this one only in the following circumstances: the initial decision contains erroneous findings of material fact; the initial decision is based on an erroneous interpretation of statute or regulation or the erroneous application of the law to the facts of the case; the administrative

1 A nonprecedential order is one that the Board has determined does not add significantly to the body of MSPB case law. Parties may cite nonprecedential orders, but such orders have no precedential value; the Board and administrative judges are not required to follow or distinguish them in any future decisions. In contrast, a precedential decision issued as an Opinion and Order has been identified by the Board as significantly contributing to the Board’s case law. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c). 2

judge’s rulings during either the course of the appeal or the initial decision were not consistent with required procedures or involved an abuse of discretion, and the resulting error affected the outcome of the case; or new and material evidence or legal argument is available that, despite the petitioner’s due diligence, was not available when the record closed. Title 5 of the Code of Federal Regulations, section 1201.115 (5 C.F.R. § 1201.115). After fully considering the filings in this appeal, we conclude that the petitioner has not established any basis under section 1201.115 for granting the petition for review. Therefore, we DENY the petition for review and AFFIRM the initial decision, which is now the Board’s final decision. 5 C.F.R. § 1201.113(b).

BACKGROUND The appellant was a GS-12 Director of Diving Operations for the agency. Brooks v. Department of the Navy, MSPB Docket No. SF-1221-17-0131-W-1, Initial Appeal File (IAF), Tab 6 at 86. On December 5, 2016, the appellant filed an individual right of action (IRA) appeal, alleging that the agency took several personnel actions against him in retaliation for various protected activities. IAF, Tab 1 at 2, 7-8, 15. The administrative judge dismissed the appeal for lack of jurisdiction, finding that the appellant failed to make a nonfrivolous allegation that his activities were a contributing factor in a personnel action. IAF, Tab 62, Initial Decision. The appellant filed a petition for review, and the Board issued an order granting the petition, vacating the initial decision, and remanding for an adjudication of the merits on a narrower set of issues. Brooks v. Department of the Navy, MSPB Docket No. SF-1221-17-0131-W-1, Remand Order (May 8, 2024). The Board found that the appellant established jurisdiction over his claim that the agency coerced his resignation in retaliation for filing an Inspector General complaint. Id. at 10-11. After further development of the record, including a hearing, the administrative judge issued a remand initial decision denying the appellant’s 3

request for corrective action on the merits. Brooks v. Department of the Navy, MSPB Docket No. SF-1221-17-0131-B-1, Remand File (RF), Tab 33, Remand Initial Decision (RID). The administrative judge found that the appellant did not prove that his resignation amounted to a “personnel action” within the meaning of 5 U.S.C. § 2302(a)(2)(A) because he failed to show that his resignation was involuntary based on a theory of coercion. RID at 28-48. The appellant has filed a petition for review contesting the administrative judge’s interpretation of the evidence. Brooks v. Department of the Navy, MSPB Docket No. SF-1221-17-0131-B-1, Petition for Review (PFR) File, Tab 1. The agency has responded to the petition for review, and the appellant has filed a reply to the agency’s response. PFR File, Tabs 3-4.

ANALYSIS As stated above, the central issue at this stage of the appeal is whether the appellant’s resignation amounted to a constructive removal. See Koury v. Department of Defense, 84 M.S.P.R. 219, ¶ 10 (1999) (“[T]he appellant has the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that his resignation was involuntary in order to establish that the Board has IRA jurisdiction over the resignation as a ‘personnel action’ as that term is defined at 5 U.S.C. § 2302(a)(2)(A).”). To prove that a resignation constituted a constructive removal, an appellant must demonstrate both that he lacked a meaningful choice when resigning and that the agency’s wrongful acts deprived him of that choice. Rosario-Fabregas v. Merit Systems Protection Board, 833 F.3d 1342, 1346-47 (Fed. Cir. 2016); Bean v. U.S. Postal Service, 120 M.S.P.R. 397, ¶ 8 (2013). There are numerous theories of constructive removal that apply variously to different fact patterns. See Bean, 120 M.S.P.R. 397, ¶ 8. In this case, we agree with the administrative judge that the appellant’s claim is most appropriately analyzed under a theory of coercion based on intolerable working conditions. RID at 28-48. 4

To prove that his resignation was involuntary based on intolerable working conditions, an appellant must show that the agency engaged in a course of action that made his working conditions so difficult or unpleasant that a reasonable person in his position would have felt compelled to resign. Shoaf v. Department of Agriculture, 260 F.3d 1336, 1341, (Fed. Cir. 2001); Markon v. Department of State, 71 M.S.P.R. 574, 577 (1996). Duress is not measured by the appellant’s subjective evaluation of the situation. Rather, the test is an objective one. Christie v. United States, 518 F.2d 584, 587 (Ct. Cl. 1975). Merely because an appellant was faced with an inherently unpleasant situation in that his choice was arguably limited to two unpleasant alternatives does not obviate the voluntariness of his resignation. Id. In this case, the appellant’s service as Director of Diving Operations was not particularly long. The agency appointed him to the position on April 8, 2013, and on February 21, 2015, he resigned. IAF, Tab 6 at 86, 89-91. The administrative judge found, and we agree, that the events most relevant to this appeal began in December 2013, both because they happened closer in time to the appellant’s resignation, see Miller v. Department of Defense, 85 M.S.P.R. 310, ¶ 10 (2000), and because that is when the relevant agency officials first became aware of his protected activity, RID at 47. Briefly and by way of background, the Director of Diving Operations position was housed in the Ship Repair Unit, Maintenance and Engineering Department, under the Commander, Logistics Group Western Pacific, in Singapore.

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Related

Rosario-Fabregas v. Merit Systems Protection Board
833 F.3d 1342 (Federal Circuit, 2016)
Perry v. Merit Systems Protection Bd.
582 U.S. 420 (Supreme Court, 2017)
Hessami v. MSPB
979 F.3d 1362 (Federal Circuit, 2020)
Shoaf v. Department of Agriculture
260 F.3d 1336 (Federal Circuit, 2001)
Christie v. United States
518 F.2d 584 (Court of Claims, 1975)

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Robert Brooks v. Department of the Navy, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/robert-brooks-v-department-of-the-navy-mspb-2026.