Cite as 2023 Ark. App. 138 ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS DIVISION II No. CV-22-602
Opinion Delivered March 8, 2023
ROBERT BEVELL APPEAL FROM THE CONWAY APPELLANT COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT [NO. 15JV-21-12] V. HONORABLE TERRY SULLIVAN, JUDGE ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN SERVICES AND MINOR CHILD APPELLEES AFFIRMED
WENDY SCHOLTENS WOOD, Judge
Robert Bevell appeals the order of the Conway County Circuit Court terminating his
parental rights to his daughter, Minor Child (MC), born on August 3, 2015. In his appeal,
Bevell argues there is insufficient evidence supporting the statutory grounds for termination
and the finding that termination is in MC’s best interest. We affirm.
On March 25, 2021, the Arkansas Department of Human Services (DHS) removed
MC and her siblings from the custody of her mother and stepfather, Martha and Matthew
Warren, due to medical and environmental neglect. A petition for emergency custody was
filed four days later. It identified Bevell as MC’s putative father. The affidavit attached to the
petition stated that DHS had opened a protective-services case involving the Warrens on
February 24, 2021, for medical and environmental issues. The family lived in a small camper that was cluttered with trash, raw sewage was present, and the children suffered from
developmental delays and needed medical appointments, including intensive therapy. DHS
had offered the family transportation to medical appointments and parenting services, but
Matthew Warren declined them, stating he did not feel the children needed follow-up
appointments and that, regarding parenting classes, DHS would need a court order for him
to do anything.
The court granted the petition for emergency custody and, at a hearing on April 1,
found probable cause to continue custody with DHS. The probable-cause order noted that
Bevell was present at the hearing. The circuit court ordered him to submit to a paternity test
and to complete a drug screen before leaving the courthouse. He did not submit to a
paternity test that day and later acknowledged that he had marijuana and amphetamines in
his system. The court announced at the hearing that the adjudication hearing would be held
on May 27.
Bevell did not appear for the adjudication hearing. At that hearing, the circuit court
found that MC and her siblings were dependent-neglected due to medical and
environmental neglect by the Warrens.1 The court set reunification as the goal of the case
and again ordered Bevell to submit to a paternity test.
The court held two review hearings, one on September 16, and another on January
27, 2022, and continued the goal of reunification. Bevell was incarcerated at the time of
1 The circuit court later terminated the Warrens’ parental rights to all three children. The Warrens and MC’s siblings are not parties to this appeal
2 these hearings. The order for the second review hearing noted that, due to his incarceration,
Bevell had been unable to participate in the case in any meaningful way. The court ordered
that he cooperate with efforts to resolve the issue of paternity and contact DHS upon his
release from prison. After three missed appointments for DNA testing prior to his
confinement, Bevell provided a DNA sample while incarcerated in December. DHS received
the DNA results the day after the second review hearing, and the results showed that Bevell
is MC’s biological father.
The permanency-planning hearing was held on March 3, 2022. Bevell appeared by
videoconference from prison. At the outset of the hearing, the court noted that the results
of DNA paternity testing had been reported to DHS and that they showed that Bevell is
MC’s biological father.2 The court asked Bevell’s counsel if she had any objection to that
determination, and she said she did not. The court then expressly found Bevell “is the
biological father of [MC,]” and in its written order, it stated that Bevell is MC’s “legal father.”
Jillian Russell, a licensed mental-health therapist, testified at the permanency-
planning hearing about MC’s treatment. She said MC began therapy for PTSD in August
2021 and was progressing well. Russell testified that, until a month before the hearing, MC
thought Bevell was dead and did not recall having any contact with him.
Bevell also testified at the permanency-planning hearing. He said that he had been
incarcerated since August 2021. He explained that he was serving a five-year sentence for
2 A report reflecting the DNA results was introduced as an exhibit at the hearing without objection.
3 probation violations in two separate cases: one involving lottery fraud and aggravated assault
and another involving commercial burglary, theft of property, and felony fleeing. He testified
that he had been present for the birth of MC and spent the first two years of MC’s life with
her and her mother. He said he and MC’s mother then separated, and he lived with MC the
next two years at his grandparents’ home. However, Bevell said he had not seen MC for two
years. He testified that he had not communicated with anyone from DHS since shortly after
the probable-cause hearing and that he had not received any services from DHS.
Brandy Cochran, a DHS supervisor, testified that MC and her siblings had been
adjudicated dependent-neglected for severe environmental and medical neglect and parental
unfitness. She said the children had experienced developmental delays due to neglect and
that MC had been underweight and “very, very delayed in her speech.” Cochran said she
had contact with Bevell in the first two to three weeks of the case, but thereafter, her contact
with Bevell was limited because he was in and out of jail. She testified that he missed three
appointments for his DNA test before it was finally conducted in December 2021 after he
had been reincarcerated. She said she had received one letter from Bevell in the month
before the permanency-planning hearing, and it asked about visitation with MC. She said
Bevell was not receiving services from DHS and had been afforded no Zoom visits with MC.
She recommended a goal change in the case to adoption with parental rights terminated.
Following the hearing, the court found Cochran to be credible, noted that Bevell had
been incarcerated the majority of the case, by his own testimony had not seen MC in two
years, and would not be eligible for release until June 2022. The court concluded that MC
4 needed permanency, and the goal was changed to adoption with termination of parental
rights.
DHS subsequently filed a petition to terminate parental rights, alleging, as to Bevell,
the following statutory grounds: (1) failure to remedy, Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-
341(b)(3)(B)(i)(a) (Supp. 2021); (2) subsequent factors, Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-
341(b)(3)(B)(vii)(a); and (3) aggravated circumstances, Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-
341(b)(3)(B)(ix)(a)(3)(B). The termination hearing was held on June 23, 2022.
Cochran’s testimony at the termination hearing was similar to that at the
permanency-planning hearing, including that DHS had failed to provide Bevell with services.
She confirmed that Bevell did not reside at the home from which the children had been
removed. Regarding MC, Cochran testified that she suffers from developmental delays, and
her speech is almost “not understandable.” Cochran said that when DHS initially contacted
Bevell, it was discovered that he was on probation, facing revocation, and awaiting return to
the penitentiary. He identified his grandparents as a possible placement option for MC, but
they were not approved. Although there were safety concerns about the home and the
grandparents’ health problems, DHS’s primary concerns were with Bevell and his father:
Bevell had been living in the home, and his father, a sex offender, was living in a camper on
the property. Bevell’s father had offended against his children and was believed to have done
so in the grandparents’ home; therefore, there was concern that Bevell’s grandparents would
not be able to protect MC if she were living there. Cochran also testified that MC was at risk
of harm because Bevell was incarcerated and could not take her. Cochran stated that MC is
5 adoptable, and although she has some delays developmentally and physically, she is making
progress and is healthy.
Bevell testified that he was still incarcerated and said he would remain incarcerated
until at least March 2023 when he would be considered for parole. Bevell said that before
going to prison in August 2021, he had been incarcerated from the preceding November
2020 to January 2021 and then was in drug rehabilitation for a month. He conceded that he
had been asked to submit to a DNA test at the April 2021 probable-cause hearing but did
not do so. While he stated that he did not appear in the case after that because he lacked
transportation, he also conceded that he made no effort to get custody of MC because he
knew he was going back to prison and was not in a position to care for her. Without
elaborating, he said when he is released, he will have housing and a job. However, he agreed
it would not be fair to require MC to wait for his release, stating, “I believe a lot has been
unfair to [her].”
At the close of the hearing, the circuit court terminated Bevell’s parental rights to MC
and subsequently entered its written order finding by clear and convincing evidence that
termination of parental rights was in MC’s best interest and that all three statutory grounds
alleged support termination. Bevell appeals.
We review termination-of-parental-rights cases de novo. Lloyd v. Ark. Dep’t of Hum.
Servs., 2022 Ark. App. 461, at 7, 655 S.W.3d 534, 540. Termination requires a finding of at
least one statutory ground and a finding that termination is in the child’s best interest. Id. at
8, 655 S.W.3d at 540. Arkansas Code Annotated section 9-27-341(b)(3) requires a circuit
6 court’s order terminating parental rights to be based on clear and convincing evidence. Lloyd,
2022 Ark. App. 461, at 8, 655 S.W.3d at 540. Clear and convincing evidence is that degree
of proof that will produce in the fact-finder a firm conviction as to the allegation sought to
be established. Baker v. Ark. Dep’t of Hum. Servs., 340 Ark. 42, 48, 8 S.W.3d 499, 503 (2000).
When the burden of proving a disputed fact is by clear and convincing evidence, the question
that must be answered on appeal is whether the circuit court’s finding was clearly erroneous.
Payne v. Ark. Dep’t of Hum. Servs., 2013 Ark. 284, at 3. A finding is clearly erroneous when,
although there is evidence to support it, the reviewing court on the entire evidence is left
with a definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been made. Id. This court gives a high
level of deference to the circuit court because it is in a far superior position to observe the
parties before it and to judge the credibility of the witnesses and the weight of the evidence.
Id.
On appeal, Bevell first challenges the circuit court’s statutory grounds. He argues that
there was no finding that he is MC’s parent and that each of the statutory grounds found by
the circuit court required DHS to prove that he is. Bevell argues that the case caption in
every pleading and order in the case identified him only as MC’s putative father or legal
father and that the court’s permanency-planning order finding him to be MC’s “legal father”
is insufficient to establish that he was found to be a parent.
Bevell acknowledges that the circuit court declared from the bench that he is MC’s
biological father at the permanency-planning hearing, but he argues it is the written order
that controls, and because the written order stated only that he is MC’s “legal father” and
7 did not state his biological relationship to MC or state that he is a parent, the requisite
finding was never made. Bevell relies on Earls v. Arkansas Department of Human Services, 2017
Ark. 171, 518 S.W.3d 81, and Northcross v. Arkansas Department of Human Services, 2018 Ark.
App. 320, 550 S.W.3d 919, to argue that the circuit court failed to make a finding that he is
MC’s biological father in any order. He also asks this court to reverse because the circuit
court did not make an express finding that “the man is, in fact, a parent,” in keeping with
Burks v. Arkansas Department of Human Services, 2021 Ark. App. 309, 634 S.W.3d 527; Terry
v. Arkansas Department of Human Services, 2019 Ark. App. 591, 591 S.W.3d 824; and Campos
v. Arkansas Department of Human Services, 2022 Ark. App. 221, 644 S.W.3d 465.
The question in Bevell’s case is whether the oral finding that Bevell is MC’s biological
father coupled with the written order finding Bevell to be MC’s “legal father” qualifies as a
finding that he is, in fact, MC’s parent. In Earls, the circuit court discussed Earls’s legal status
on the record and mentioned DNA results reflecting a 99.9 percent probability of paternity,
but the court never orally found that he was the biological father, and it did not enter an
order making that finding either. 2017 Ark. 171, at 9–10, 518 S.W.3d at 87. Similarly in
Northcross, DNA test results reflecting a 99.9 percent probability of paternity were entered
into evidence, but the circuit court did not make a finding of paternity, oral or written. 2018
Ark. App. 320, at 10–13, 550 S.W.3d at 924–25.
In Terry, this court said that a lay person’s reference to himself as a father, or even a
DNA test showing a 99.9 percent probability that a man is the biological father of a child, is
insufficient standing alone to establish parental status for purposes of the termination
8 process. There must be an express finding by the court to that effect. Terry, 2019 Ark. App.
591, at 8, 591 S.W.3d at 829. In Burks, 2021 Ark. App. 309, at 11, 634 S.W.3d at 533, we
reversed and remanded a termination order, stating that the circuit court made Burks’s legal
status an issue but did not resolve the matter before terminating his parental rights. We held
that the circuit court was required to make a specific finding that Burks is the parent before
terminating his rights, but it never did so. Id., 634 S.W.3d at 533. We did the same in
Campos, holding that without a finding that Campos was a parent, the grounds applying to
parents could not be applied to him. 2022 Ark. App. 221, at 12–13, 644 S.W.3d at 472.
Contrary to the facts in these cases, here, the circuit court specifically found Bevell to
be MC’s biological father. The parental element of the statutory grounds was satisfied by the
circuit court’s oral ruling at the permanency-planning hearing, which found Bevell to be
MC’s biological father on the basis of the report reciting the paternity-test results. While the
circuit court’s oral finding that Bevell is MC’s biological father was not stated as such in a
written order, in context, the court’s use of the term “legal father,” referring to Bevell in the
permanency-planning order, was contingent on its oral finding. In Nespor v. Arkansas
Department of Human Services, 2011 Ark. App. 745, at 8 n.3, 387 S.W.3d 239, 244 n.3, we
said consideration of oral findings is appropriate in determining the intent of a court’s
written order.
In Tovias v. Arkansas Department of Human Services, 2019 Ark. App. 228, 575 S.W.3d
621, this court noted that a biological father can be a legal father, but not all legal fathers are
biological fathers. Id. at 7, 575 S.W.3d at 624–25. This court stated that if a finding is made
9 by the court that one is a biological father, use of the term “legal father” in an order will be
sufficient to demonstrate parentage under the statute. Id., 575 S.W.3d at 625 (stating, for
purposes of the termination statutes, “a man can be a legal father . . . by biology . . . if the
court so finds”). The circuit court’s findings on paternity, however, were “murky at best” in
Tovias. Id. at 10, 575 S.W.3d at 626. We stated there that “we only [had] a finding of legal
status and absolutely no basis in the record to support it.” Id. at 9, 575 S.W.3d at 626.
Here, there was an oral finding at the permanency-planning hearing that Bevell is
MC’s biological father. Bevell’s counsel said she had no objection to that finding. Use of the
term “legal father” in the resulting written permanency-planning order, therefore, was
sufficient to demonstrate the court’s finding that Bevell is MC’s parent under these
circumstances. Id., 575 S.W.3d at 626.
Bevell next argues that the circuit court clearly erred in finding that DHS proved
statutory grounds necessary to terminate his parental rights. Only one ground is necessary to
terminate parental rights. Willis v. Ark. Dep’t of Hum. Servs., 2017 Ark. App. 559, at 9, 538
S.W.3d 842, 848. We hold that the circuit court did not clearly err in finding that Bevell
subjected MC to aggravated circumstances.
The court’s finding of aggravated circumstances was premised on the fact that there
was little likelihood services would result in successful reunification. The evidence showed
that Bevell was not incarcerated from April to August 2021, yet he did not seek reunification
with MC because of his criminal issues. He admitted that he did not participate in the case
during that period but said he did not do so because he was preparing to return to prison
10 and could not care for MC. Bevell did not comply with orders, beginning in April 2021,
directing him to complete DNA testing until December 2021, after he was reincarcerated.
He missed three testing appointments. Bevell was incarcerated at the termination hearing,
had been incarcerated ten of the fifteen months of the case, and remained incarcerated
under a five-year sentence. He testified that he would not be considered for parole until
March 17, 2023, and he conceded that it would not be fair to MC to wait until March to see
if he is paroled. On this evidence, we hold that the circuit court did not clearly err in
determining that there is little likelihood that services to Bevell would result in successful
reunification with MC.
Bevell contends that DHS failed to offer him meaningful services, and Cochran
confirmed this. However, a finding of aggravated circumstances does not require that DHS
prove that meaningful services toward reunification were provided. Willis, 2017 Ark. App.
559, at 9, 538 S.W.3d at 849. In Willis, Harris argued on appeal that the evidence of
aggravated circumstance was insufficient because DHS failed to provide him with
meaningful services. This court affirmed, reasoning that during the four months Harris had
been out of jail, he had shown little interest in cooperating with DHS or visiting his child.
This court stated that “a finding of aggravated circumstances does not require that DHS
prove that meaningful services toward reunification were provided.” Id. at 10, 538 S.W.3d
at 849; see also Kohlman v. Ark. Dep’t of Hum. Servs., 2018 Ark. App. 164, 544 S.W.3d 595
(holding that the father’s criminal misconduct and incarceration for the majority of the case
was an impediment to successful reunification and that it supported a finding of an
11 aggravated circumstance); Cloninger v. Ark. Dep’t of Hum. Servs., 2020 Ark. App. 282, at 11
(same).
Bevell acknowledges that this statutory ground does not require proof that services
were made available, but, citing Duncan v. Arkansas Department of Human Services, 2014 Ark.
App. 489, at 9–10, he argues the lack of services can provide a basis for reversal. In Duncan,
this court reversed a little-likelihood finding of aggravated circumstances because DHS had
delayed providing Duncan services, Duncan was actively engaged in services, was making
progress when her rights were terminated, and there was no indication that Duncan’s
inaction had contributed to the delay in starting services.
The circumstances in Bevell’s case are not like those in Duncan. Bevell admittedly
took no action in his case when he was not incarcerated, and he was incarcerated during
most of the case and would remain incarcerated until the following year, with no guarantee
of his release even then. We hold that the circuit court did not clearly err in finding the
aggravated-circumstances ground.
In his final argument on appeal, Bevell challenges the circuit court’s best-interest
finding. To terminate parental rights, a circuit court must find by clear and convincing
evidence that termination is in the best interest of the juvenile, taking into consideration (1)
the likelihood that the juvenile will be adopted if the termination petition is granted; and
(2) the potential harm, specifically addressing the effect on the health and safety of the child,
caused by returning the child to the custody of the parent. Migues v. Ark. Dep’t of Hum. Servs.,
2019 Ark. App. 439, at 10, 586 S.W.3d 221, 227–28.
12 Bevell does not challenge the circuit court’s adoptability finding. As for potential
harm, Bevell argues that DHS failed to prove that he posed a potential harm to his daughter.
We disagree. As previously noted, Bevell was incarcerated for the majority of the case. He
was incarcerated at the time of termination and would remain incarcerated until the
following year with no guarantee he would be released then. The evidence also shows that
when Bevell was not incarcerated, he did not attend the adjudication hearing, he missed
three DNA testing appointments, and he did not seek visitation with MC. He conceded that
he knew he was going back to prison and knew he could not take care of MC. Finally, other
evidence showed the lack of a bond between MC and Bevell. Bevell had not seen MC for
two years, and she thought he was dead. Fraser v. Ark. Dep’t of Hum. Servs, 2018 Ark. App.
395, at 10–11, 557 S.W.3d 886, 893–94 (affirming the circuit court’s best-interest finding
because the evidence demonstrated that the appellant had been incarcerated throughout the
case and had no relationship with the child).
Bevell also argues that there was a less restrictive alternative to termination that would
have served his family’s interests. Bevell argues that his grandparents or another family
member want MC. But Bevell admitted that the identity of the other family member was not
provided to DHS, and Bevell’s grandparents did not testify that they were willing to take
custody of MC. Cochran testified that in her conversation with Bevell’s grandfather, he did
not say he wanted placement of MC. Further, Bevell’s grandparents had been disapproved
for placement due to concerns that MC would not be safe in their care, in part because Bevell
lived there when he was not incarcerated and because Bevell’s father lived on their property
13 and is a sex offender. While Bevell testified at the termination hearing that his father was in
prison and had agreed not to live on the property upon his release, Cochran testified that
she had been given no assurances of that.
In sum, no relatives of Bevell were approved for placement. To succeed on a relative-
placement argument on appeal, at a minimum, there must be an appropriate and approved
relative in the picture. Thomas v. Ark. Dep’t of Hum. Servs., 2020 Ark. App. 457, at 7, 610
S.W.3d 688, 693 (noting where relatives have not been approved for placement and the
children remained in foster care, the existence of potential relatives was not a basis to reverse
a termination decision); see also Minchew v. Ark. Dep’t of Hum. Servs., 2023 Ark. App. 95, at
9, ___ S.W.3d ___, ___ (notices consisting of only “names and addresses of five potential
relatives” was insufficient to warrant reversal on least-restrictive-placement argument).
Accordingly, we hold that the circuit court did not clearly err in finding that termination of
Bevell’s parental rights is in MC’s best interest.
Affirmed.
THYER and BROWN, JJ., agree.
Tabitha McNulty, Arkansas Commission for Parent Counsel, for appellant.
Ellen K. Howard, Ark. Dep’t of Human Services, Office of Chief Counsel, for appellee.
Demarcus D. Tave, Ark. Dep’t of Human Services, Office of Chief Counsel, for
appellee.
Dana McClain, attorney ad litem for minor child.