Robbat v. Robbat

643 So. 2d 1153, 1994 WL 539161
CourtDistrict Court of Appeal of Florida
DecidedOctober 5, 1994
Docket91-2651
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 643 So. 2d 1153 (Robbat v. Robbat) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court of Appeal of Florida primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Robbat v. Robbat, 643 So. 2d 1153, 1994 WL 539161 (Fla. Ct. App. 1994).

Opinion

643 So.2d 1153 (1994)

Russell C. ROBBAT, Appellant,
v.
Mary Glynn ROBBAT, Appellee.

No. 91-2651.

District Court of Appeal of Florida, Fourth District.

October 5, 1994.
Rehearing Denied November 8, 1994.

Edna L. Caruso of Caruso, Burlington, Bohn & Compiani, P.A., and Jack Scarola of Searcy, Denney, Scarola, Barnhart & Shipley, P.A., West Palm Beach, for appellant.

Neil B. Jagolinzer of Christiansen, Jacknin & Tuthill, West Palm Beach, for appellee.

FARMER, Judge.

This appeal has to do with the enforceability of a 1978 antenuptial agreement under Massachusetts law. In our opinion, the agreement is fully enforceable according to its terms under the relevant Massachusetts decisions.

Strictly speaking the issue is entirely answered by Osborne v. Osborne, 384 Mass. 591, 428 N.E.2d 810 (Mass. 1981), which decided for the first time in that state whether antenuptial agreements between a future husband and wife concerning property and alimony interests in the event of divorce were enforceable. Because, however, the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts expressly stated that its Osborne decision was designed to mirror its earlier decision in Rosenberg v. Lipnick, 377 Mass. 666, 389 N.E.2d 385 (1979), involving antenuptial agreements between a future husband and wife concerning property interests upon death, one must also consult that case as well.

As Rosenberg was first in time, it may be more understandable to begin there. In that case a surviving wife sued her deceased husband's estate to invalidate a 1959 antenuptial agreement waiving any right to share in his estate. The trial court ruled against her, and she appealed. She argued to the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts that the courts should refuse to enforce any such agreement that fails to make fair provisions for the wife if the husband failed to disclose his assets before contracting, and the husband's estate should have the burden of proving proper disclosure. In order to agree with her, the court would have been required *1154 to overrule Wellington v. Rugg, 243 Mass. 30, 136 N.E. 831 (1922), which held that fraud was the only basis to avoid an antenuptial contract and that the contract could not be invalidated on account of a husband's failure to disclose the value of his assets before entering into the agreement. In refusing to invalidate her agreement, and in thus affirming the decision of the trial court fully enforcing it, the court said:

"Although we agree that the Wellington principles should be abandoned, we do not think it wise to act retroactively. The Wellington decision has remained undisturbed law in this Commonwealth for over a half-century, and numerous agreements have undoubtedly been fashioned in reliance on its rule. Accordingly, we have reviewed this case for error under the law as it existed in 1959. We have discerned none and thus affirm the judgment for the defendants. However, we take this opportunity to delineate new rules that shall apply to antenuptial agreements executed after the publication date of this opinion." [e.s.]

389 N.E.2d at 386. In short, the court applied the law as it was in 1959 when the parties entered into their agreement and upheld it. It should be noted that Rosenberg deals only with agreements that affect an interest in property in the event of death to one of the marital partners.

Just over two years later, the same court took up Osborne, which involves a 1967 antenuptial agreement in which both parties' waived any right to alimony and to any interest in the other's property in the event of divorce. There the husband tried to avoid the agreement during divorce proceedings, seeking alimony and a division of 3 parcels of property titled only in the wife's name. On appeal, the court found the agreement controlling on all claims of the husband. In a section of its opinion labeled "Validity of the Antenuptial Agreement," the Osborne court began with the following:

"We must first determine the validity of the antenuptial agreement. This court has not previously passed on the validity of an antenuptial agreement that attempts to regulate the rights of parties in the event of their subsequent divorce." [e.s.]

428 N.E.2d at 814. That statement could not be clearer; none of the previous decisions of the court have determined the issue at hand. The court distinguished both Rosenberg and Wellington by saying that they dealt with agreements that pertained to rights only during marriage or upon death, but not upon divorce.

To dispel any uncertainty about whether prior precedent controlled and to demonstrate the evolution of legal thinking on the issue, the court briefly addressed a selection of its older cases. Statements in Fox v. Davis, 113 Mass. 255, 257-258 (1873), — to the effect that the "current of authority [wa]s against [the] validity of an agreement disposing of property and alimony rights unless the divorce was to take place immediately" — were deemed uncontrolling or as dicta. The court said (after first quoting from the Fox opinion): "[h]ad the issue come before this court several decades ago, the law as stated in Fox might well have been held to be controlling." [e.s.] 428 N.E.2d at 814. Similarly, French v. McAnarney, 290 Mass. 544, 195 N.E. 714 (1935), where the court had held that an antenuptial agreement waiving any claim for support was void as against public policy, was distinguished "in that there the parties were not divorced * * *." 428 N.E.2d at 814. French's holding was based on the reasoning that "certain rights and duties incident to the marital relation * * * could not be avoided by an antenuptial contract." Id. The court conceded, however, that if it had faced the issue in 1935 when French was decided, very likely the court would have followed French, saying:

"Under the case law of the time, this same reasoning would have applied to the rights of the parties upon divorce, since the obligation of the husband to pay alimony was also based on the husband's legal duty to support his wife." [e.s.]

Id.[1] The court did not adopt the French reasoning, however.

*1155 The Osborne court stated that the "closest this court has ever come" to addressing the issue is Kovler v. Vagenheim, 333 Mass. 252, 130 N.E.2d 557 (1955), which involved a premarital contract between the brothers of the bride and the husband, where the brothers agreed to indemnify the husband against any support he might have to pay for his wife and child. When the husband sought to enforce the contract after he had already obtained a divorce, the court concluded that the contract was enforceable but said: "a contract tending to divest a husband of any obligation incidental to his marriage is invalid," citing French. The Osborne court also suggested that if the husband had divested his support obligation by a contract with his wife "then a different result would have been reached [in Kovler]." [e.s.] 428 N.E.2d at 815.

At that point in the Osborne opinion, the court turned to a discussion of the development of the law outside of Massachusetts. Id.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
643 So. 2d 1153, 1994 WL 539161, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/robbat-v-robbat-fladistctapp-1994.