Robb v. Norfolk & Western Railway Co.

169 F.R.D. 345, 1996 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 16807, 1996 WL 661327
CourtDistrict Court, N.D. Indiana
DecidedJuly 24, 1996
DocketNo. 3:94-CV-957RM
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 169 F.R.D. 345 (Robb v. Norfolk & Western Railway Co.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, N.D. Indiana primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Robb v. Norfolk & Western Railway Co., 169 F.R.D. 345, 1996 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 16807, 1996 WL 661327 (N.D. Ind. 1996).

Opinion

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

MILLER, District Judge.

Judges, by and large, oppose mandatory minimum sentences because they know that when the principles that guide the exercise of judicial discretion congeal into inflexible, black-letter rules of decision, unjust results in some number of cases are inevitable. This ease demonstrates that the same risk exists in civil cases, and that we judges may be as responsible as legislators for erosion of judicial discretion. Based on this judge’s ten-year personal knowledge, the lead attorney for plaintiff Michele Robb is among the bar’s most conscientious in following the district’s rules and meeting deadlines.1 In this case, however, he missed a filing deadline and judgment for the defendant ensued. Ms. Robb moves to vacate the judgment pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 60(b). Under the law of this circuit, the court must deny the motion.

Defendant Norfolk and Western Railway Company (“NW”) moved for summary judgment on December 1, 1995. Pursuant to District Rule 7.1 and the time calculation provisions of Fed.R.Civ.P. 6(a) and 6(e), Ms. Robb’s response was due on December 19. [347]*347Ms. Robb’s counsel, busy with other cases, contacted opposing counsel around the response deadline, and counsel agreed to an extension of time for Ms. Robb's response. Believing that the response deadline had been extended to January 8,2 Ms. Robb’s counsel proceeded with other aspects of the ease. Ms. Robb responded to NW’s settlement -offer; depositions were noticed. Ms. Robb’s counsel forgot, however, to notify the court of the agreement to extend the deadline for response to the summary judgment motion. The deadline for response to a summary judgment motion cannot be extended except by court order upon good cause shown.3

The final pretrial conference was scheduled for February 5, with trial set for February 20. The court, noting the impending dates and ignorant of the agreed extension, turned its attention to the apparently ripe summary judgment motion. On January 4, sixteen days after the response appeared to have been due and less than five weeks before the scheduled final pretrial conference, the court granted summary judgment to NW. Ms. Robb filed her motion to reconsider and set aside the judgment on January 9. The court heard argument on the motion on May 15, and has struggled with the issues since.

Fed.R.Civ.P. 60(b)(1) provides, “On motion and upon such terms as are just, the court may relieve a party or a party’s legal representative from a final judgment, order, or proceeding for the following reasons: (1) mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect....” The Rule’s language would appear to vest a broad range of discretion in district courts. Because a grant of discretion produces a range of cases in which neither the granting nor the denial of a motion to vacate can be described as unreasonable, commentators have been confounded in efforts to synthesize rulings into simply stated rules. See, e.g., 11 Charles Alan Wright, Arthur R. Miller & Mary Kay Kane, Federal Practice and Procedure: Civil 2d § 2858 (1995).

Apparently inconsistent rulings on such motions are to be expected and not to be condemned. Each case presents its own unique set of circumstances: the seriousness of the inadvertence or neglect, the prejudice to the judgment’s beneficiary, the disruption to the court’s calendar (and accompanying prejudice to others in the litigation queue), the degree of likelihood that resolution on the merits would produce the same result— all of these considerations may affect the court’s exercise of discretion, and none are easily quantifiable. In candor, courts also consider the moving attorney’s track record before the court. Courts rarely cite such matters in denying relief, but an attorney who regularly misses deadlines or fails to respond to motions is less likely to benefit from a discretionary ruling. For litigants to be treated differently based on their choice of counsel may seem jarring, but such an approach is not inappropriate in light of the Rule’s wording: a rare lapse by an attorney may be “excusable”, but the same conduct is less excusable if it is the attorney’s customary way of doing business'.

A long line of cases in this circuit, at the appellate and trial levels, teaches that attorney negligence does not provide a basis for relief under Rule 60(b). See, e.g., Russell v. Delco Remy Division of General Motors, 51 F.3d 746, 749 (7th Cir.1995); Dickerson v. Board of Educ. of Ford Heights, Ill., 32 F.3d 1114, 1118 (7th Cir.1994); United States v. 7108 West Grand Avenue, 15 F.3d 632, 634-35 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, _ U.S._, 114 S.Ct. 2691, 129 L.Ed.2d 822 (1994). Such language might be viewed as nothing more than the ratification (or, in the case of a district court opinion, the explanation) of a district court’s, denial of a Rule 60(b) motion, but for the case of Lomas & Nettleton Co. v. Wiseley, 884 F.2d 965 (7th Cir.1989), in which the district court was reversed for [348]*348granting a motion to set aside a judicial sale. The moving attorney failed to attend the judicial sale because he was meeting with clients and “not watching the clock.” The Seventh Circuit held that the district court erred in relying upon the fact that the movant’s attorney was a sole practitioner in a county seat in northern Indiana, and that an attorney’s carelessness or negligence cannot constitute grounds for relief under Rule 60(b)(1). The court does not believe that Lomas & Nettleton can be distinguished in any intellectually honest way. By reversing the district court, the Lomas & Nettleton court established that consideration of the circumstances of the party’s attorney falls outside the range of alternatives a district court reasonably may follow in exercising the discretion provided by Rule 60(b)(1).

It is not for this court to overrule circuit precedent, but the court notes that the Supreme Court’s decision in Pioneer Investment Servs. Co. v. Brunswick Assocs. Limited Partnership, 507 U.S. 380, 113 S.Ct. 1489, 123 L.Ed.2d 74 (1993), seems at odds with this circuit’s hard and fast rule that Rule 60(b) relief is not available where the default is attributable to attorney negligence. Though Pioneer Investment was decided under Bankruptcy Rule 9006(b)(1), the Court discussed the meaning of “excusable neglect” under Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 13(f) and 60(b), and discussed Klapprott v. United States, 335 U.S. 601, 69 S.Ct. 384, 93 L.Ed. 266 (1949), specifically with respect to Rule 60(b). In Klapprott,

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169 F.R.D. 345, 1996 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 16807, 1996 WL 661327, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/robb-v-norfolk-western-railway-co-innd-1996.