Roach v. State

503 S.W.2d 467, 255 Ark. 773, 1973 Ark. LEXIS 1441
CourtSupreme Court of Arkansas
DecidedDecember 17, 1973
DocketCR 73-128
StatusPublished
Cited by24 cases

This text of 503 S.W.2d 467 (Roach v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Arkansas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Roach v. State, 503 S.W.2d 467, 255 Ark. 773, 1973 Ark. LEXIS 1441 (Ark. 1973).

Opinion

Frank Holt, Justice.

Appellant was convicted by a jury of robbery and sentenced to eleven years under the penal provision of Ark. Stat. Ann. § 41-3602 (Repl. 1964), and the habitual offender act, Ark. Stat. Ann. § 43-2328 (Supp. 1971). Appellant was also sentenced to an additional five and one-half years for the use of a firearm in commission of the felony. § 43-2336.

Appellant first contends for reversal that the trial court’s continuance of “this case on its own morion because of uncertainty as to how a witness subpoenaed by the defendant would testify prejudiced the defendant’s ability to defend hiynself and violated his right to a speedy trial under the U. S. Constitution, Amendments 6 and 14, and the Constitution of the State of Arkansas, Article 2, Section 10.”

The granting of a postponement of a criminal trial may be made upon a showing of “sufficient cause.” Ark. Stat. Ann. § 43-1705 (Repl. 1964). The granting of a continuance by the trial court is a matter within the court’s sound discretion and will be upheld absent a showing of abuse of discretion. Nowlin v. State, 252 Ark. 870, 481 S.W. 2d 320 (1972), Randall v. State, 249 Ark. 258, 458 S.W. 2d 743 (1970). Several days before trial the court was informed that in accordance with appellant’s demand his attorney had subpoenaed a fellow prisoner as a witness for his defense. A local attorney was appointed to represent the prospective witness who appellant expected would admit to the robbery and exonerate appellant. The witness’ appointed attorney, however, was in the hospital on the day of appellant’s scheduled trial. The attorney requested the right to be present when his client testified in order to fully advise him of his constitutional rights as a witness. The trial court, on his own motion, reset the case for trial about two months later. Appellant objected and maintained the trial court should proceed even though the witness’ attorney was ill. We note that the witness, subpoenaed by appellant, testified at a later trial date and disclaimed any participation in the alleged offense. In the circumstances, we find no abuse of discretion in the court’s postponement of the rial.

Neither do we find merit in appellant’s contention that his right to a speedy trial was violated. Our speedy trial statute, Ark. Stat. Ann. § 43-1708 (Repl. 1964), would have required appellant’s trial within two terms of court from the time charged. Ark. Stat. Ann. § 22-310 (Repl. 1962) indicates that the terms of court in Sebastian County, Fort Smith District, commence on the first Monday in February, June and October. Appellant was arrested in the third term and tried in the first or succeeding term, therefore, meeting the two term requirement. See also Givens v. State, 243 Ark. 16, 418 S.W. 2d 629 (1967), Randall v. State, supra, Gardner v. State, 252 Ark. 828, 481 S.W. 2d 342 (1972).

Appellant’s second contention is that the court erred in allowing a pistol, seized in a warrantless search of his car, to be introduced into evidence. Warrantless car searches are permissible due to the mobility of the object to be searched where there exists probable cause to believe that the automobile contains articles the officer is entitled to seize. Carroll v. United States, 267 U.S. 132 (1924), Easley v. State, 255 Ark. 25, 498 S.W. 2d 664, and Cox v. State, 254 Ark. 1, 491 S.W. 2d 802 (1973). In. the instant case the deputy sheriff in Leflore County, Oklahoma, testified, based upon information about the robbery and a description of the appellant and his vehicle, that he and other officers found the appellant’s car parked and abandoned on the side of a highway. Appellant had run out of gas and left the car in search of a service station which, it appears, was unknown to the officer. The absence of the driver at the time of discovery of the car does not necessarily eliminate the mobility factor. There existed probable cause for the search. The officer had certain information which fit the description of the get away car. He testified that he saw the pistol when he shined his flashlight through the car window. Additionally, Okla. Stat. Ann. 21 § 1289.13 makes it unlawful to transport a loaded firearm over a public highway or roadway, subject to certain exceptions enumerated in 21 § 1289.6. Upon observing the weapon in the back seat of the car, the officer had probable cause to believe an offense had been committed and could validly seize the loaded pistol without a warrant under the standards of Carroll v. United States, supra.

Appellant’s third contention is that the trial court erred in denying appellant’s motion for a mistrial. When the deputy sheriff who seized the pistol was called to testify, the prosecuting attorney asked defendant ¿‘[H]ave you prior to this time testified in this court on a hearing on motion to suppress?” The question was never answered. Any possible prejudice was removed by the court admonishing the jury not to consider the question. Washington v. State, 227 Ark. 255, 297 S.W. 2d 930 (1957), and Howell v. State, 220 Ark. 278, 247 S.W. 2d 952 (1952).

Appellant next contends that the trial court erred in denying appellant’s motion for a directed verdict. Appellant’s only argument is that the testimony of a seventy-three year old woman, the victim of the robbery, was insufficient to sustain a verdict of guilty of robbery. This contention is absolutely meritless. The victim’s unequivocal identification of appellant constitutes ample substantial evidence to support the finding of the jury without detailing other corroborating evidence.

Appellant’s fifth contention is that the court erred in submitting the verdict forms to the jury. The jury was initially given three verdict forms: i.e., guilty of robbery, guilty of robbery with a firearm and not guilty. After finding the defendant guilty of robbery with a firearm, evidence was then introduced that defendant was previously convicted of other offenses or that he was a habitual offender. The jury was again instructed and sent out to deliberate with three verdict forms: (1) penalty verdict for robbery — no previous felony convictions (2) “Penalty Verdict For Robbery and Under Habitual Criminal Act” and (3) “Penalty Verdict For Use of Firearm.” The iury used the penalty verdict for robbery as a habitual criminal and imposed an eleven year sentence. On the separate penalty verdict form for the use of a firearm, the jury assessed an additional five and one-half years. Thus a total of sixteen and one-half years was imposed by both verdicts. Appellant contends that it was not the intention of the legislature that both statutes be applicable in the same case.

We perceive nothing contrary to legislative intent nor any violation of due process or double jeopardy in submitting both allegations: i.e., being a habitual offender (§ 43-2328) together with committing a felony with a firearm (§ 43-2336) to the jury. The former permits the jury to increase a minimum prescribed sentence when a previous conviction is properly shown. The latter provides an additional sentence of not to exceed seven years for one committing a felony by using a firearm. See also Johnson v. State, 249 Ark. 208, 458 S.W. 2d 409 (1970).

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Bluebook (online)
503 S.W.2d 467, 255 Ark. 773, 1973 Ark. LEXIS 1441, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/roach-v-state-ark-1973.