MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), FILED this Memorandum Decision shall not be Nov 27 2019, 8:51 am regarded as precedent or cited before any CLERK court except for the purpose of establishing Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals the defense of res judicata, collateral and Tax Court
estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT Wilmer E. Goering, II Vevay, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
R.L.N., November 27, 2019 Appellant-Respondent, Court of Appeals Case No. 19A-PO-877 v. Appeal from the Clark Circuit Court P.A.B., M.J.B., and C.L.B., Jr., The Honorable William Dawkins, Appellees-Petitioner. Jr., Magistrate Trial Court Cause No. 10C02-1901-PO-48 10C02-1901-PO-49 10C02-1901-PO-50
Tavitas, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-PO-877 | November 27, 2019 Page 1 of 16 Case Summary
[1] R.N. appeals the trial court’s denial of his motion to correct error after the trial
court entered an order for protection against R.N. in favor of P.B., M.B., and
C.B. (collectively, “Appellees”). 1 We reverse.
Issues
[2] R.N. raises two issues on appeal, which we restate as follows:
I. Whether the trial court erred by refusing to dismiss or transfer the case on the grounds of improper venue.
II. Whether the evidence was sufficient to support an allegation of stalking.
Facts
[3] On January 23, 2019, Appellees, who are siblings, filed individual petitions for
orders for protection against R.N. and requested a hearing. The petitions
alleged that the Appellees each were presently or had been victims of stalking
by R.N. The petitions alleged that, in 2017, R.N. threatened to kill Appellees;
in 2018, R.N. “place[d] a $1,000.00 death threat for [Appellees] to be killed;”
and in 2019, R.N. threatened to kill Appellees and “admitted to killing” two
other individuals. Appellant’s App. Vol. II pp. 7, 56, 105.
1 For simplicity and ease of reading, we have removed the middle initials from the parties’ names.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-PO-877 | November 27, 2019 Page 2 of 16 [4] The petitions were filed in the Clark Circuit Court. The form petition Appellees
each filled out, includes the following section:
5. This case is filed in this county because:
_____ a. the Respondent lives in this county.
______b. the incident(s) of domestic violence of family violence, stalking, or the sex offense happened in this county.
______c. I live in this county.
Id. at 6, 104. P.B.’s and M.B.’s petitions bear an “X” on each line preceding
“a,” “b,” and “c.” Id. In the margins, next to this portion of the form,
however, is also handwritten: “Jefferson County, IN.” Id. C.B.’s form is
identical, except for portion “a,” which appears to have been marked, but
subsequently crossed out. Id. at 55. C.B.’s petition also includes “Jefferson
County, IN,” handwritten. Id.
[5] On February 4, 2019, R.N. filed a motion to dismiss all of Appellees’ individual
petitions for “lack of jurisdiction” because all parties resided in Jefferson
County and because the alleged incidents also occurred in Jefferson County. Id.
at 12, 61, 110. On February 6, 2019, R.N. also filed a motion to continue the
hearing as to all petitions scheduled for February 7, 2019.
[6] The trial court held a hearing on February 7, 2019; neither R.N. nor his
attorney appeared. After Appellees were placed under oath, P.B. and M.B.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-PO-877 | November 27, 2019 Page 3 of 16 represented to the trial court that R.N. was not related to Appellees but that
they knew R.N. because R.N. was the guardian for Appellees’ now-deceased
mother beginning in 2012. M.B. alleged that R.N. stalked Appellees and “even
had people follow [Appellees] and run [Appellees] off the roads.” Tr. Vol. II p.
6. When asked where they lived, M.B. testified that the Appellees are homeless
and that their last physical address was in Madison, Indiana. When the trial
court asked Appellees whether they were living in Clark County, M.B. stated:
“Right now, we are, no, we’re not. We’re staying here, but today, in Jefferson
County [ ], where [R.N. is an elected official, R.N.] has paid the police off up
there.” Id. P.B. agreed with this statement. P.B. and M.B. elaborated that they
attempted to file orders for protection in Jefferson County but “nothing
happens” because the county believes Appellees are “making it up” because
R.N. is “an upstanding citizen.” Id.
[7] The trial court initially noted that the parties had no connection to Clark
County, and the following colloquy occurred:
THE COURT: But, if there’s no connection between the allegations you guys make and Clark County, if you’re not residents here, [R.N. is] not a resident here, and the acts you allege did not occur in Clark County, I . . .
[M.B.]: The one did when he made us a threat that he was going to kill [P.B.], going to kill [C.B.], and then deadly torture and kill me for months because he thinks I, we killed our mother, and we did not. I even filed a police report.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-PO-877 | November 27, 2019 Page 4 of 16 THE COURT: Well, talk to me about that. Where, so this was a, this is a conversation that happened in Clark County?
[M.B]: Yes, it is. [R.N.] called us via phone, on one of my cell phones, called us, and [R.N.] said “I told you what I wanted you to do,” speaking to [P.B.] and [P.B.] had the phone on speaker where we could all hear. [R.N.] said “you are to keep tabs of [M.B.], what [M.B.] did because I know [M.B.] killed [M.B.’s] mother, and I know [M.B.] killed [M.B.’s] mother.” . . .
THE COURT: But what about the threats [ ] [R.N.] ma[d]e? . . .
[M.B.]: [R.N.] threatened to kill us all. [R.N.] has even, when [R.N.] drives by and sees us, [R.N.] even had the vehicle bugged with listening devices. How [R.N.] broke into it, I don’t know because I was never a criminal or a person to break into vehicle and stuff like that. We’re scared for our lives. We’re scared for our lives. I did, we did not kill [our mother]. I guess the only thing I’m guilty of is loving [our mother] the way the Holy Bible says you’re to love, God says you’re to love your parents and do good to them if somebody is doing something. . . .
Id. at 6-7. At the end of the hearing, the trial court stated: “Look, the
allegations you make that he has threatened you on multiple occasions is [sic]
enough for me. The counsel entered an appearance for [R.N.] and they have
elected not to appear. So I’ll grant your orders.” Id. at 10. The trial court
issued written orders for protection on February 7, 2019.
[8] On February 28, 2019, R.N. filed a motion to reconsider the trial court’s
February 7, 2019 order. The trial court denied R.N.’s motion to reconsider as
to the orders for protection granted to all Appellees.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-PO-877 | November 27, 2019 Page 5 of 16 [9] On March 11, 2019, R.N. filed a motion to correct error with regard to the
order for protection issued to P.B. against R.N. Specifically, R.N. argued the
trial court erred in failing to grant his motion to dismiss and in denying R.N.’s
motion for continuance. The trial court denied R.N.’s motion to correct error.
On April 1, 2019, R.N. filed a motion to correct error with regard to the orders
of protection issued to M.B. and C.B. 2 The trial court denied R.N.’s motion to
correct error. R.N. now appeals.
Analysis
[10] At the outset, we note that Appellees did not file an appellees’ brief. “When an
appellee fails to submit a brief, we apply a less stringent standard of review with
respect to the showing necessary to establish reversible error.” In re Paternity of
S.C., 966 N.E.2d 143, 148 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012), aff’d on reh’g, 970 N.E.2d 248
(Ind. Ct. App. 2012), trans. denied. “In such cases, we may reverse if the
appellant establishes prima facie error, which is an error at first sight, on first
appearance, or on the face of it.” Id. “Moreover, we will not undertake the
burden of developing legal arguments on the appellee’s behalf.” Id.
2 It appears that R.N. filed the motions on March 8, 2019; however, the motion was not listed on the CCS until April 1, 2019. The trial court indicated that “[s]ince the moving party failed to comply with Trial Rule 59(C), the Court was unaware that additional motions to correct error had been filed.” Appellant’s App. Vol. II pp. 99, 148. The trial court concluded “[n]onetheless, the motion to correct error is hereby denied.” Id.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-PO-877 | November 27, 2019 Page 6 of 16 I. Venue
[11] R.N. appeals from the denial of a motion to correct error. “We generally
review the denial of a motion to correct error for an abuse of discretion.” Fox v.
Bonam, 45 N.E.3d 794, 798 (Ind. Ct. App. 2015).
[12] Indiana Civil Protection Order Act (“ICPOA”) is codified at Indiana Code
Section 34-26-5. Indiana Code Section 34-26-5-4 states:
(a) Any court of record has jurisdiction to issue a civil order for protection.
(b) A petition for an order for protection must be filed in the county in which the:
(1) Petitioner currently or temporarily resides;
(2) Respondent resides; or
(3) Domestic or family violence or harassment occurred.
(c) There is no minimum residency requirement to petition for an order for protection.
[13] Each court of Indiana has jurisdiction to issue a civil order for protection;
however, the question here is whether Clark County was the proper venue for
this order for protection. See Muneer v. Muneer, 951 N.E.2d 241, 243 (Ind. Ct.
App. 2011) (“Specifically, Indiana Code section 34-26-5-4(b) requires that a
petition for an order for protection be filed in 1) the county in which the
petitioner resides; 2) the county in which the respondent resides; or 3) the Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-PO-877 | November 27, 2019 Page 7 of 16 county in which the domestic or family violence occurs. The Act therefore is a
special venue statute to which Trial Rule 75(A)(8) applies.”) (emphasis
supplied).
[14] Indiana Trial Rule 75(A) states:
Any case may be venued, commenced and decided in any court in any county, except, that upon the filing of a pleading or a motion to dismiss allowed by Rule 12(b)(3), the court, from allegations of the complaint or after hearing evidence thereon or considering affidavits or documentary evidence filed with the motion or in opposition to it, shall order the case transferred to a county or court selected by the party first properly filing such motion or pleading if the court determines that the county or court where the action was filed does not meet preferred venue requirements or is not authorized to decide the case and that the court or county selected has preferred venue and is authorized to decide the case.
[15] Preferred venue, as set out in Indiana Trial Rules 75(A)(1) through (A)(10)
exists in many places, including: “. . . the place where any individual defendant
so named resides;” or “the county where a claim in the plaintiff’s complaint
may be commenced under any statute recognizing or creating a special or
general remedy or proceeding.” Indiana Trial Rules 75(A)(1), (8).
[16] R.N. improperly labeled the motion to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction; however,
R.N. later acknowledged in the motion to correct error that he should have
used the term “venue” instead of jurisdiction. See K.S. v. State, 849 N.E.2d 538,
541 (Ind. 2006) (“Attorneys and judges alike frequently characterize a claim of
procedural error as one of jurisdictional dimension. The fact that a trial court
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-PO-877 | November 27, 2019 Page 8 of 16 may have erred along the course of adjudicating a dispute does not mean it
lacked jurisdiction.”).
[17] Neither R.N. nor his attorney appeared at the hearing on their motion to
dismiss and on the petition for the order for protection to dispute Appellees’
account of their connection with Clark County. We acknowledge R.N.’s
arguments that the chronological case summary (“CCS”) does not explicitly
indicate the motion to dismiss was scheduled for hearing that particular day;
however, at the beginning of the hearing, the trial court acknowledged the
motion to dismiss was also set for hearing that day. The trial court granted the
petitions for orders for protection which included a finding of venue as required
by Indiana Code Section 34-26-5-4(c). R.N. and his counsel failed to appear for
the hearing on the petition for the order for protection to contest the issue of
venue. 3
[18] At the hearing, Appellees acknowledged that R.N. lived in Jefferson County
and that several of the events occurred in Jefferson County. Appellees also
stated that one of the incidents happened while Appellees were in Clark County
and that Appellees were currently homeless and living in their vehicle. The
Appellees did acknowledge that their last home address was in Madison,
3 R.N.’s argument that it was error for the trial court to deny R.N.’s motion for continuance is without merit. R.N. was notified of the hearing and was given an opportunity to be heard; R.N. chose not to appear. Even if the court clerk’s office represented that a motion would be granted, it is the trial court, not the court clerk’s office, that grants or denies these motions. Accordingly, the burden was on R.N. to ensure that someone was at the hearing on R.N.’s behalf.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-PO-877 | November 27, 2019 Page 9 of 16 Indiana (Jefferson County); however, Appellees also stated that they were
living in their vehicle, and the evidence is uncontroverted, pursuant to
Appellees’ testimony, that they were “staying here” in Clark County. Tr. Vol.
II p. 6.
[19] The statute specifically sets forth no minimum residency requirement; therefore,
Appellees, living in their vehicle in Clark County, cannot be precluded from
filing in Clark County when the evidence was uncontroverted. See Ind. Code §
34-26-5-4(c). This is especially true in light of the purpose of the ICPOA, which
states:
This chapter shall be construed to promote the:
(1) Protection and safety of all victims of domestic or family violence in a fair, prompt, and effective manner;
(2) Protection and safety of all victims of harassment in a fair, prompt, and effective manner; and
(3) Prevention of future domestic violence, family violence, and harassment.
I.C. § 34-26-5-1. Accordingly, Appellees established Clark County as a proper
venue under the ICPOA and Indiana Trial Rule 75(A). R.N., who sought the
dismissal of the petition based on venue, failed to appear, and failed to establish
that preferred venue existed elsewhere. See Indiana High School Athletic Ass’n,
Inc. v. Garcia, 876 N.E.2d 350, 354 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007) (“Indiana Trial Rule
8(C) provides that a claim of improper venue is an affirmative defense, which
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-PO-877 | November 27, 2019 Page 10 of 16 the pleading party must prove. Accordingly, the IHSAA had the burden of
proof in challenging venue in Lake County”) trans. denied; see also Indiana Trial
Rule 8(C) (indicating that improper venue is an affirmative defense, and thus,
the “party required to affirmatively plead any matters, . . . shall have the burden
of proving such matters.”). R.N. failed to meet his burden to prove Clark
County was not a preferred venue pursuant to the ICPOA. We, therefore,
cannot say the trial court abused its discretion in denying R.N.’s motion to
correct error on these grounds. 4
II. Sufficient Evidence
[20] R.N. also argues there is insufficient evidence to support Appellees’ allegation
of stalking. “To obtain an order of protection under the [ICPOA], the petition
must establish by a preponderance of the evidence at least one of the allegations
in the petition.” A.S. v. T.H., 920 N.E.2d 803, 806 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010). “In
determining the sufficiency of the evidence on appeal, we neither weigh the
evidence nor resolve questions of credibility.” Id. “We look only to the
evidence of probative value and reasonable inferences that support the trial
court’s judgment.” Id.
4 We pause briefly to acknowledge that, although we find venue is appropriate here, Appellees stated at the hearing that they have filed orders for protection in Jefferson County and “nothing happens.” Tr. Vol. II p. 6. We remind Appellees that the proper course of action regarding a denied order for protection is to appeal, not to find another venue. Still, based on these facts, Clark County is a proper venue.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-PO-877 | November 27, 2019 Page 11 of 16 [21] Appellees sought an order for protection for stalking, which is defined as “a
knowing or an intentional course of conduct involving repeated or continuing
harassment of another person that would cause a reasonable person to feel
terrorized, frightened, intimidated, or threatened and that actually causes the
victim to feel terrorized, frightened, intimidated, or threatened.” I.C. § 35-45-
10-1. The statutory definition of stalking requires Appellees to prove, by a
preponderance of the evidence, a knowing or intentional “course of conduct
involving repeated or continuing harassment of another person.” I.C. § 35-45-
10-1.
A. Order for protection filed by P.B. and M.B.
[22] Both P.B. and M.B. gave the trial court information surrounding the allegations
of stalking. According to P.B. and M.B., the undisputed evidence at the
hearing was that R.N. has “had people follow [Appellees] and run [Appellees]
off the road” and threatened to kill Appellees more than once; broken into and
“bugged” the Appellees’ vehicle. Tr. Vol. II pp. 6, 7. P.B. and M.B. stated that
R.N. was “still after” them and that the most recent contact happened just a few
days before Appellees filed the petition. Id. at 7. P.B. and M.B. also testified
that R.N. has been after them since Appellees’ mother died, which was in 2013.
Other than this evidence, P.B. and M.B. put forward no other specific
information regarding the dates these allegations occurred.
[23] R.N. cites Maurer v. Cobb-Maurer, 994 N.E.2d 753, 757 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013), in
support of his arguments. There, we found:
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-PO-877 | November 27, 2019 Page 12 of 16 With respect to the extent of contact between [the parties], the trial court had before it a single email entered into evidence and a claim by [petitioner’s] counsel that it was “one of many.” Her counsel’s description of the emails as “constant” is noticeably vague and is more akin to hyperbolic argument than to evidence. There was no mention of particular dates on which the contacts occurred, an estimation of the number of impermissible contacts over the course of a period of time, or even evidence of when the alleged impermissible contact began. “Many emails over the course of an undisclosed timeframe could be as few as two or as numerous as two million; the trial court’s guess would have been as good as ours.
Maurer, 994 at 758-59 (internal citations and footnotes omitted).
[24] Although Appellees’ petitions each allege that these events occurred in 2017,
2018, and 2019; that R.N. has harassed them since 2013; and that the most
recent incident occurred a few days before the petition was filed, we do not
have any specific or temporal evidence. See C.V. v. C.R., 64 N.E.3d 850, 854
(Ind. Ct. App. 2016) (finding respondent’s contact with petitioner was
“relatively insignificant” and insufficient to prove continued or repeated
harassment where respondent left notes on petitioner’s car and a seven-month
period elapsed between two of the notes). The evidence was devoid of any
specific incident, time, place, and identification of persons affected. Both P.B.
and M.B. made statements using “we”; however, they never disclose who “we”
is. See Tr. Vol. II pp. 7-9. The evidence presented by P.B. and M.B. at the
hearing was not sufficient to establish continued or repeated harassment
because no evidence was presented regarding the specific time frame during
which the purported stalking occurred or the dates of any of these alleged Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-PO-877 | November 27, 2019 Page 13 of 16 incidents, save one. Accordingly, the evidence is insufficient to support an
order for protection against P.B. and M.B. 5
B. Order for protection filed by C.B.
[25] Similarly, C.B. offered no testimony at the hearing, except to confirm R.N. was
not related to him. Accordingly, this cannot be sufficient evidence regarding
R.N. stalking C.B. Moreover, “[t]here must also be evidence that
[respondent’s] conduct qualified as harassment that would cause a reasonable
person to feel terrorized, frightened, intimidated, or threatened and that it
actually caused [petitioner] to feel terrorized, frightened, intimidated, or
threatened.” Maurer, 994 N.E.2d at 757. Again, because C.B. did not offer any
testimony, we cannot find sufficient evidence with regard to his state of mine
either. See id. at 759 (finding that the petitioner “offered no testimony at the
hearing regarding the effect the contacts had on her. In fact, [petitioner] offered
no testimony at all during the hearing. Where an inquiry is so dependent upon
the victim’s perception and state of mind—as is the case when issuing a [order
for protection] on the grounds of stalking—[petitioner’s] lack of participation
works only to diminish the record and hinder our review”) (emphasis supplied).
5 Because we conclude there was insufficient evidence regarding the stalking allegations by P.B. and M.B., we do not address whether there was sufficient evidence regarding P.B.’s and M.B.’s state of mind. We note, however, that P.B. stated: “All I want to do is get this man put away from us. I’m sick of looking over my head, over my shoulders,” and that M.B. stated: “We’re scared for our lives. We’re scared for our lives.” Id. at 7, 10.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-PO-877 | November 27, 2019 Page 14 of 16 [26] The evidence is insufficient to support an order for protection against R.N. for
stalking. Accordingly, we reverse.
Conclusion
[27] The trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying R.N.’s motion to correct
error based on improper venue; however, the evidence of stalking was
insufficient. We reverse.
[28] Reversed.
Altice, J., concur.
Brown, J., dissents with opinion.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-PO-877 | November 27, 2019 Page 15 of 16 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
R.L.N., Court of Appeals Case No. 19A-PO-877 Appellant-Respondent,
v.
P.A.B., M.J.B., and C.L.B., Jr., Appellees-Petitioners.
Brown, Judge, dissenting.
[29] I respectfully dissent. I do not view multiple death threats from the guardian of
a recently deceased relative as “relatively insignificant.” At the hearing, the
court addressed and questioned P.B., M.B., and C.B. collectively about R.L.N.
and the threats to “kill all three (3) of you.” Transcript at 10. Ultimately, I
would find that the trial court could have reasonably inferred a pattern of
threatening behavior and affirm its issuance of the orders for protection.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-PO-877 | November 27, 2019 Page 16 of 16