Rivera v. Lutheran Medical Center

22 Misc. 3d 178
CourtNew York Supreme Court
DecidedOctober 16, 2008
StatusPublished
Cited by5 cases

This text of 22 Misc. 3d 178 (Rivera v. Lutheran Medical Center) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New York Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Rivera v. Lutheran Medical Center, 22 Misc. 3d 178 (N.Y. Super. Ct. 2008).

Opinion

OPINION OF THE COURT

Michael A. Ambrosio, J.

In this action, plaintiff Felix Rivera asserts causes of action for retaliatory and discriminatory discharge under the New York State Human Rights Law (Executive Law § 296 et seq.) (NYSHRL) and the New York City Human Rights Law (Administrative Code of City of NY § 8-101 et seq.) (NYCHRL) against defendant Lutheran Medical Center (LMC) and Myles Davis, a vice-president of LMC. Plaintiff alleges he was terminated by LMC in February 2003 because of his “association” with Laura Byrnes, his sister-in-law, who sued LMC in 1999 claiming violation of her civil rights while an inpatient at LMC in July 1996. Byrnes settled her lawsuit with LMC in December 2001. Plaintiff claims retaliatory discharge based upon his involvement in the Byrnes lawsuit. Defendants now move pursuant to CPLR 3211 (a) (7) to dismiss plaintiff’s retaliatory discharge claims under both the NYSHRL and the NYCHRL.

[180]*180Plaintiff was an employee who worked at LMC as a housekeeper from approximately January 1993 to January 28, 2003 when he was suspended then subsequently terminated on February 3, 2003. Byrnes, plaintiffs deaf sister-in-law, was admitted to LMC on July 13, 1996 following an attempted suicide. According to Byrnes’ complaint, LMC failed to provide her with a sign language interpreter in order to properly evaluate and treat her during her five-day inpatient stay at LMC. Plaintiffs wife, Irene Rivera, repeatedly told LMC to provide her sister with an interpreter but LMC never did. Plaintiff’s wife confronted Davis about this issue at an LMC administrator’s meeting but was told by Davis to “shut up and sit down” (complaint 1111 19-20). Byrnes brought a civil rights lawsuit against LMC in 1999 which was settled for $200,000 in December 2001.

On January 28, 2003, plaintiff showed Evelyn Gracias, a worker at LMC, a sexually suggestive cartoon (complaint 1i 70). According to plaintiff, Gracias had previously brought erotic chocolates into the workplace and sold them at LMC. She also previously showed plaintiff similarly sexually suggestive materials and made sexually suggestive comments (complaint H 71). Plaintiff was terminated by LMC for “sexual harassment” because of his conduct with Gracias. Plaintiff claims no other LMC employee had been immediately terminated for claims of sexual harassment for similar incidents and that LMC failed to abide by its “progressive discipline” policy in meting out an appropriate sanction for what plaintiff claims was a minor transgression (complaint HH 79-92). According to plaintiff, other employees committed much more severe acts without being terminated (complaint If 104).

In reviewing a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim under CPLR 3211 (a) (7), the court must accept the allegations of the complaint as true and accord plaintiff the benefit of every possible favorable inference and determine only whether the facts as alleged fit within a cognizable legal theory (Polonetsky v Better Homes Depot, 97 NY2d 46, 54 [2001] [motion must be denied if “from (the) four corners (of the pleadings) factual allegations are discerned which taken together manifest any cause of action cognizable at law”]). “So liberal is th[is] standard . . . that the test is simply £ “whether the proponent of the pleading has a cause of action” ’ not even £ “whether he has stated one” ’ ” (Wiener v Lazard Freres & Co., 241 AD2d 114, 120 [1st Dept 1998]).

[181]*181Plaintiffs claims under the NYSHRL and the NYCHRL are based upon his association with Byrnes. He asserts that LMC retaliated against him by discharging him for supporting Byrnes’ lawsuit against LMC and aiding Byrnes while an inpatient at LMC. The plain language of the NYSHRL clearly indicates that it only prohibits discrimination against individuals who are themselves disabled and was not intended to provide a cause of action for disability association discrimination (Bartman v Shenker, 5 Mise 3d 856 [2004]). That being the case, plaintiff’s claim under the NYSHRL must be dismissed.

However, Administrative Code § 8-107 (20) explicitly grants standing to sue to those who have been discriminated against by virtue of their association with a disabled individual (Bartman v Shenker, supra; Abdel-Khalek v Ernst & Young, LLP, 1999 WL 190790, 1999 US Dist LEXIS 2369 [SD NY 1999]). Defendants argue, however, that that casual link between the protected conduct (supporting Byrnes’ lawsuit) and the adverse action (termination from LMC) is too tenuous to support a cause of action for retaliatory discrimination under the NYCHRL. LMC claims the four-year lapse between the filing of the Byrnes lawsuit and plaintiffs discharge does not reasonably result in the inference that plaintiffs association with Byrnes was the reason for his termination.1

Plaintiff has sufficiently established a cause of action under the NYCHRL. The temporal proximity between the purported protected activity and the adverse action is but one factor to consider in determining the sufficiency of the pleadings. According the plaintiff the benefit of every possible favorable inference, and taking into consideration his claim in the complaint of clearly disparate adverse treatment, the allegations are suf[182]*182ficient for pleading purposes to reasonably infer he was terminated in retaliation for his association with Byrnes. The defendants’ motion to dismiss his claim under the NYCHRL is at best premature since discovery is clearly required under the circumstances (see CPLR 3211 [d]).

Next, plaintiff moves to disqualify Morgan Lewis & Bockius, LLR defendants’ law firm, from representing defendants and former and current LMC employees whom LMC has identified as witnesses relating to this action. Plaintiff claims, inter alla, that Morgan Lewis violated the Code of Professional Responsibility in offering to represent, free of charge, former and current LMC employees who are nonparty witnesses in this case.

On April 11, 2006, the court issued a preliminary conference order which required the parties to, among other things, “exchange names and addresses of all witnesses within 30 days.” Pursuant to that order on May 11, 2006, Morgan Lewis identified three witnesses: (i) Tom DeLucia, vice-president, facilities management; (ii) Stan Giovanniello, employee and labor relations; and (iii) Evelyn Gracias, medical assistant. Morgan Lewis gave its address as the contact information for these witnesses. By letters dated November 20, 2006 and November 28, 2006, plaintiffs counsel, Alan J. Rich, requested that Morgan Lewis provide identifying information of witnesses including complete addresses and telephone numbers rather than listing the address in “c/o Morgan Lewis.”

On December 26, 2006, in response to plaintiffs interrogatory requesting defendants to identify witnesses, Morgan Lewis identified four additional witnesses: John Arnott, former LMC director of building services; Stephen Branch, former LMC evening supervisor, housekeeping; Olga Alvarez, LMC medical assistant; and Carlos Arrington, LMC housekeeper. Again, Morgan Lewis requested that all contact by plaintiff proceed through Morgan Lewis.

It is undisputed that at LMC’s behest Morgan Lewis contacted all of the witnesses listed above (in the May 11, 2006 and December 26, 2006 responses) and offered to represent them in this matter at LMC’s expense (see affidavit of Jennifer L. Kronick, Esq., May 1, 2008, 1Í 7).

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Pagan v. C.I. Lobster Corp.
S.D. New York, 2021
Sims v. Reyes
2021 NY Slip Op 02971 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 2021)
Grech v. HRC Corp.
48 Misc. 3d 859 (New York Supreme Court, 2015)
Dixon-Gales v. Brooklyn Hospital Center
35 Misc. 3d 676 (New York Supreme Court, 2012)
Rivera v. Lutheran Medical Center
73 A.D.3d 891 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 2010)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
22 Misc. 3d 178, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/rivera-v-lutheran-medical-center-nysupct-2008.