Rivera v. Gupta

836 F.3d 839, 2016 U.S. App. LEXIS 16544, 2016 WL 4703493
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedSeptember 8, 2016
DocketNo. 15-3462
StatusPublished
Cited by27 cases

This text of 836 F.3d 839 (Rivera v. Gupta) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Rivera v. Gupta, 836 F.3d 839, 2016 U.S. App. LEXIS 16544, 2016 WL 4703493 (7th Cir. 2016).

Opinion

POSNER, Circuit Judge.

Jessie Rivera, a federal inmate, suffers from numbness and pain as a result of second-degree burns on his left leg, foot, and ankle. His suit accuses a physician named Ravi Gupta, and a prison health services administrator named Cesar Lopez, of deliberate indifference to his need for substantial medical treatment, thereby violating his Eighth Amendment rights. See Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 834, 114 S.Ct. 1970, 128 L.Ed.2d 811 (1994); Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 104-05, 97 S.Ct. 285, 50 L.Ed.2d 251 (1976). The district court entered summary judgment for the defendants, precipitating this appeal. (Rivera had also brought a claim under the Federal Torts Claims Act, but the district court rightly dismissed it on the authority of United States v. Demko, 385 U.S. 149, 87 S.Ct. 382, 17 L.Ed.2d 258 (1966), which holds that the Inmate Accident Compensation Act, 18 U.S.C. § 4126(c)(4), precludes FTCA claims for prisoners injured while working.)

The prison kitchen in which Rivera was working in May 2011 when the accident occurred had a history of large kettle pots’ boiling over and spilling water on the floor. One of these pots, containing dirty water, butter, and shortening, had been boiling over for more an hour when Rivera slipped on the wet floor underneath the pot, scalding his leg. A nurse diagnosed him with second-degree burns on his left lower leg and ankle, removed the dead skin around the wound, dressed the burn, and prescribed a narcotic pain medication, a wheelchair (because the burn was making it difficult for him to walk), and a lower bunk, and told him not to engage in strenuous physical activity.

For several weeks Rivera returned to the healthcare unit daily so that medical staff could monitor the burn for infection and clean and dress the wound. In these visits he continued to complain that pain and numbness in his left leg, ankle, and foot were making walking difficult for him. A physician assistant told him that his symptoms probably were a normal part of the healing process and suggested that he return to the health care unit in six months if he was still experiencing numbness and difficulty walking. When he returned six months later and complained that he was indeed still experiencing pain and numbness he was told that the symptoms probably were permanent but that he could see Dr. Gupta, the director of the prison’s clinic, if he wanted a physician’s opinion.

[841]*841Rivera met with Gupta, told him that the numbness and pain in his leg, ankle, and foot had not abated, and said he wanted treatment from a burn specialist and that his family would pay for the treatment. According to Rivera, Gupta refused to examine him, look up his records, or authorize any treatment, instead admonishing him that he wouldn’t have scalded himself had he not been in prison, that “only God” could help him now, and that if he complained about numbness and pain in his leg again, Gupta would write a disciplinary report. Gupta disputes Rivera’s account but at the summary-judgment stage of the case we are obliged to accept Rivera’s version. See Tradesman Int’l, Inc. v. Black, 724 F.3d 1004, 1009 (7th Cir. 2013). Conflicting factual assertions, both plausible, can be resolved only by a trial.

Rivera supports his deliberate-indifference claim with excerpts from medical websites which suggest that severe burns can cause nerve damage, that damaged nerves can progressively worsen if untreated, and that nerve-pain medications and physical therapy can reduce the nerve damages from chronic, persistent pain and numbness. The validity of this medical information is not contested.

As for Lopez — the prison’s health-services administrator who is the other defendant — -Rivera claims to have complained to him early on about the inadequate medical treatment that he was receiving, and Lopez never followed up. But Lopez is not a medical professional, and the medical staff was aware of Rivera’s condition and had as we know told him to wait six months to allow the bum further time to heal, before he sought additional treatment. The grant of summary judgment for Lopez thus was proper. See, e.g., McGee v. Adams, 721 F.3d 474, 483 (7th Cir. 2013).

Not so with regard to Dr. Gupta. The district judge granted summary judgment in his favor without considering the website excerpts, and noted that despite the “odd exchange” between Rivera and Gupta, Rivera had produced no expert evidence that Gupta had been deliberately indifferent to Rivera’s numbness and pain. The judge also denied Rivera’s request for counsel. While acknowledging that “counsel could have assisted Rivera in responding to defendants’ motion for summary judgment in several respects, perhaps most critically in possibly securing expert testimony,” the judge said that no amount of expert testimony would “alter [his] determination that defendants’ decision to refuse [Rivera’s] request for a referral” to a burn specialist was not “blatantly inappropriate.” This was an odd thing to say, given that Rivera’s condition was at root a burn problem. Nor did the judge explain the basis for his unalterable “determination.”

Gupta argues that the numbness and pain in Rivera’s leg and foot were not serious. But Rivera submitted evidence from which a jury could reasonably find that they were. He claims that for nine months he suffered from pain and numbness that made walking difficult, and he had presented as we noted earlier uncontested evidence from reputable medical websites indicating that severe burns such as he’d experienced- can damage nerves and cause progressively worsening pain or numbness (or both) and that medication and physical therapy can relieve those conditions.

Yet Gupta refused to examine Rivera or provide any medical treatment for his pain and numbness, thereby deliberately ignoring a serious medical condition, as in the comparable cases of Gonzalez v. Feinerman, 663 F.3d 311, 314-15 (7th Cir. 2011); Hayes v. Snyder, 546 F.3d 516, 524-25 (7th Cir. 2008); and Brock v. Wright, 315 F.3d 158, 166-68 (2d Cir. 2003). Apropos to [842]*842this case is our statement in Miller v. Campanella, 794 F.3d 878, 880 (7th Cir. 2015), quoting Williams v. O’Leary, 55 F.3d 320, 324 (7th Cir. 1995), that “a prison officer is deliberately indifferent if he ‘knows of and disregards an excessive risk to inmate health.’ ”

Gupta responds that there was no medical treatment that could have relieved Rivera’s numbness or pain, because his condition was a “normal” part of the healing process and his “neurovascular exam” was normal.

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Bluebook (online)
836 F.3d 839, 2016 U.S. App. LEXIS 16544, 2016 WL 4703493, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/rivera-v-gupta-ca7-2016.