Risedorf v. Commanding Officer, University of Pennsylvania NROTC

508 F. Supp. 145, 1981 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 10726
District Court, E.D. Pennsylvania·Decided January 12, 1981·No. Civ. A. No. 78-3320·Published·Cited by 1 cases

Opinion

MEMORANDUM

CLIFFORD SCOTT GREEN, District Judge.

Pending before this Court is the motion of the defendant for summary judgment. This case arises from petitioner Risedorf’s petition for habeas corpus which was filed after he was ordered to report for active duty in the Navy on September 29, 1978. The sole question addressed by the motion [146] is whether there is any basis in fact for the Navy’s denial of Risedorf’s application for discharge as a conscientious objector. Finding there is adequate support in the record for the defendant’s rejection of Risedorf’s application and that the defendant is entitled to summary judgment as a matter of law, I grant the motion and the petition is hereby dismissed.

While Risedorf was a student at Temple University, he enlisted in the Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps (hereinafter “NROTC”) at the University of Pennsylvania unit. In July, 1978, petitioner wrote a letter to his commanding officer requesting that he be discharged from the Navy as a conscientious objector. Petitioner was directed to make a formal application which he filed on November 9,1978. In the meantime, petitioner was ordered to report for active duty on September 29, 1978 and subsequently he filed a habeas corpus petition with this court. Pending exhaustion of petitioner’s administrative remedies, I entered an order by consent continuing the scheduled hearing on the petition and by agreement of counsel petitioner has continued to live in the community.

Following this court’s order, petitioner began his administrative remedies pursuant to the regulations contained in the Bureau of Naval Personnel Manual, No. 1860120, regarding applications for discharge as a conscientious objector. Petitioner was personally interviewed and his application reviewed by a naval investigating officer, a chaplain, and a psychiatrist. In support of his application petitioner submitted the letters of five personal friends. He gave a signed statement under oath and acknowledged in writing that he knew of his right to receive a copy of the record and rebut the findings of the investigating officer.

On January 31, 1979 the investigating officer delivered his report to the Commandant of the Fourth Naval District in Philadelphia. The report which denied petitioner’s request for discharge states, inter alia, that before the hearing held on January 22, 1979 the investigating officer invited petitioner’s civilian- counsel to attend the hearing, but petitioner and counsel decided not to have counsel present. At the hearing the officer advised petitioner of his right to counsel but he chose to proceed alone. Concerning his conscientious objection, the investigating officer quoted petitioner as saying “[he] would bear arms to defend America” if he were “sure it was the will of God,” but to do so he would need permission of his ecclesiastical leader, Reverend Sun Myung Moon. The officer found that petitioner’s application indicated that he was not totally opposed to war, but rather he believed that he could serve his country better by fully participating in the activities of the Unification Church.

In his report to the Chief of Naval Personnel the Commandant affirmed the investigating officer’s decision noting that petitioner’s rebuttal statement failed to add any information that supported the petitioner’s assertion that he was ideologically opposed to war. The Commandant’s report states:

[H]e [petitioner] never indicates that he is opposed to the use of force, merely that the battle to win men’s minds is more important and will be more decisive than a battle fought with ships and other mechanical devices. In his rebuttal to the investigating officer’s report, SN Risedorf states “I have a firm and sincere objection to participation in war. I have already stated my belief that war is. wrong and against God’s will. To remain in the service would be to do so in the assumption that God might change his mind.” This does not bring SN Risedorf within the definition of a conscientious objector.

The Chief of Naval Personnel also agreed with petitioner’s commanding and investigating officers that he was not entitled to a conscientious objector classification. This conclusion was reached on the basis of statements petitioner made in his application, his sworn statement made at the investigating officer’s hearing and the recommendations of naval personnel who interviewed him in connection with his application.

[147] The government argues that summary judgment is proper because petitioner’s application and statements made at the hearing show that he is a selective objector; therefore, he fails to meet the standards for discharge from military service. The Supreme Court has held that an applicant for classification as a conscientious objector must show that he is opposed to war in any form, that the basis for his objection stems from his religious beliefs and that his beliefs are sincere. Gillette v. United States, 401 U.S. 437, 91 S.Ct. 828, 28 L.Ed.2d 168 (1971); Welsh v. United States, 398 U.S. 333, 90 S.Ct. 1792, 26 L.Ed.2d 308 (1970); Witmer v. United States, 348 U.S. 375, 75 S.Ct. 392, 99 L.Ed. 428 (1955). The standard of review in cases such as this is whether there is a basis in fact for the Navy’s denial of petitioner’s application. Silverthorne v. Laird, 460 F.2d 1175, 1179 (5th Cir. 1972).

Petitioner does not contend that the record fails to show a basis in fact if the statement made to the investigating officer is considered; however, counsel for petitioner argues that the statement was improperly obtained by deception and should not have been considered. Petitioner argues that without the statement the record does not contain a basis in fact for the determination.

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Risedorf v. Commanding Officer, University of Pennsylvania NROTC, 508 F. Supp. 145, 1981 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 10726 (E.D. Pa. 1981).

508 F. Supp. 145 (Risedorf v. Commanding Officer, University of Pennsylvania NROTC) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

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