GARRETT, Chief Justice.
This suit was brought by the appellees, in the District Court of Cameron County, against the Rio Grande Railway Company, to recover from it the value of certain Mexican eagle dollars and a package of gold coins, of the aggregate value of $9110, alleging, that on the 17th day of January, 1891, they delivered the same to the appellant in the capacity of common carrier for hire, to be transported by it from the city of Brownsville to Point Isabel, in Cameron County, Texas, there to be delivered by it to the Morgan line of steamers. That appellant failed to transport and deliver said articles of value, whereby it became liable to appellees for the value thereof, with legal interest.
Appellant answered by a general demurrer and general denial. The case was tried without a jury, and resulted in a judgment for the appellees for the value of the money as alleged, together with interest thereon at the rate of 8 per cent per annum from January 19, 1891, to July 13, 1891, and from that date at the rate of 6 per cent per annum.
The case was tried upon an agreed statement of facts, from which the following condensed statement ife made:
1. The appellant, the Rio Grande Railway Company, is a corporation, created by special act of the Legislature of the State of Texas, approved August 13, 1870, with authority to construct, equip, maintain, and own a railway from Point Isabel, on the Laguna Madre, to Brownsville, on the Rio Grande. By section 5 of said act it is provided, that “ said company shall have power to borrow money or to purchase property upon its own credit, for the purpose of constructing and maintaining its railway, and may issue bonds and obligations therefor, payable at such time and place and at such rate of interest, in the lawful money of the United States, or of any foreign country, as the directors of said company may
elect; and to secure the payment of said bonds or obligations may mortgage its road, its capital stock, its corporate franchises, and any or all of its property, real and personal, or any part or portion thereof, in such manner and form as said company or its directors shall deem best and expedient.” Spec. Acts 12th Leg., pp. 189-192.
2. To raise money necessary to build said railroad, appellant, on the first day of July, 1872, issued and sold its bonds to the amount of $150,-000, and to secure their payment made and delivered to H. E. Wood-house and Joseph Rudd, Jr., trustees, a mortgage on all the property of the road and all corporate franchises held or exercised by said railway company. Said mortgage is of record in Cameron County.
3. By the provisions of said mortgage, in case of default in the payment of interest on any of said bonds for the period of six months, the trustees were authorized to take, enter into and upon, all and singular, the premises conveyed, and to have, hold, and use the same, operating by their superintendents, managers, receivers, or servants, or other attorneys or agents, the said railway, etc., with the full charge and management of the railway, to the exclusion of the company, in order to pay off the mortgage; but if the yearly income should fall short of the expenses, etc., the said trustees were authorized to sell.
4. About the 1st day of January, 1884, Simon Celaya and Feliciano San Roman, who were made substitute trustees under said deed of trust, by virtue of the aforesaid power vested in them under said instrument, went into the exclusive possession, operation, management, and control of said railway line, its property, franchises, etc., and ever since that time, up to the time of trial, had been and were continuously and exclusively in the possession of and control ánd management of said railway, and so in all things operating and running said road, and were especially doing so on the 19th day of January, 1891, and up to the time of trial.
5. On said last named day said trustees, Celaya and San Roman, through and by their agent and employe, C. Martinez, received from appellees at their railway office in Brownsville, to be transported to the end of the line of said railway and delivered to the Morgan steamship line (of the Southern Pacific Steamship Company’s line), 10,500 Mexican eagle dollars and a package of gold, together of the value of $9110. By their said agent said trustees gave to appellees a memorandum in writing, stating the quality, character, order, condition, and value of the aforesaid property, as follows:
“ Brownsville, Texas, January, 1891.
“Forwarded by J. S. and M. H. Cross, in good order, by the Rio Grande Railroad, the following property, to be delivered in like good condition at Brazos, unto Morgan, number 716. [Description.]
[Signed] “ C. Martinez.”
Appellees at once, and before the shipment of the money by the trustees, delivered said written memorandum to the agent of the steamship company, who took it up and issued to appellees four bills of lading.
6. The aforesaid trustees, in their usual course of operating, running, managing, etc., of said railway, caused said articles of value to be laden on the regular train of said railway on the morning of said 19th day of January, A. D. 1891, and started for its terminus at Point Isabel, and when said train had proceeded on its course about fifteen miles from the city of Brownsville, it was attacked by Mexican bandits and robbers, numbering ten or twelve persons, its engine and part of its cars were derailed and some of them burned, and the train and the persons thereon robbed, and the persons in charge of said train and others thereon overawed and controlled by force of arms, and said train robbed of more than 820,000, and amongst other all of the above articles of value, by the said bandits and robbers, who made off with their booty; and the said trustees were unable to deliver the said articles of value, as they had agreed, at the terminus of said road to said Morgan steamer, and no part of the same reached the consignees of appellees.
7. February 5, 1891, appellees demanded of S. Celaya and F. San Roman, as trustees of the Rio Grande Railway Company, that said railway company deliver to them the property, or, in its absence, its value, as per the bill of lading.
The trustees having declined to pay, appellees bring their suit against the Rio Grande Railway Company alone. Appellees admit that the mortgage under which the trustees have taken possession of the railway, to the total exclusion of the company, was duly executed in accordance with law and the charter of the company.
8. The bill of lading issued by the Morgan line of steamers was for the shipment of the money via the Rio Grande Railway Company and Morgan line of steamers to New Orleans, Louisiana. It stipulated, that the money was to be “ conveyed upon said steamship direct or transhipped as aforesaid to the port of New Orleans, in like good order and condition (the acts of God, the country’s enemies, fire at sea or in port, accidents to or from machinery, boilers, or steam, restraint of government, pirates, robbers, or thieves, collisions at sea or at port, and all and every danger of the seas, river, and steam navigation, of whatever nature or kind soever, excepted; and neither the ship nor owners thereof being liable for loss from any of the causes above excepted), and there to be delivered,” etc.
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GARRETT, Chief Justice.
This suit was brought by the appellees, in the District Court of Cameron County, against the Rio Grande Railway Company, to recover from it the value of certain Mexican eagle dollars and a package of gold coins, of the aggregate value of $9110, alleging, that on the 17th day of January, 1891, they delivered the same to the appellant in the capacity of common carrier for hire, to be transported by it from the city of Brownsville to Point Isabel, in Cameron County, Texas, there to be delivered by it to the Morgan line of steamers. That appellant failed to transport and deliver said articles of value, whereby it became liable to appellees for the value thereof, with legal interest.
Appellant answered by a general demurrer and general denial. The case was tried without a jury, and resulted in a judgment for the appellees for the value of the money as alleged, together with interest thereon at the rate of 8 per cent per annum from January 19, 1891, to July 13, 1891, and from that date at the rate of 6 per cent per annum.
The case was tried upon an agreed statement of facts, from which the following condensed statement ife made:
1. The appellant, the Rio Grande Railway Company, is a corporation, created by special act of the Legislature of the State of Texas, approved August 13, 1870, with authority to construct, equip, maintain, and own a railway from Point Isabel, on the Laguna Madre, to Brownsville, on the Rio Grande. By section 5 of said act it is provided, that “ said company shall have power to borrow money or to purchase property upon its own credit, for the purpose of constructing and maintaining its railway, and may issue bonds and obligations therefor, payable at such time and place and at such rate of interest, in the lawful money of the United States, or of any foreign country, as the directors of said company may
elect; and to secure the payment of said bonds or obligations may mortgage its road, its capital stock, its corporate franchises, and any or all of its property, real and personal, or any part or portion thereof, in such manner and form as said company or its directors shall deem best and expedient.” Spec. Acts 12th Leg., pp. 189-192.
2. To raise money necessary to build said railroad, appellant, on the first day of July, 1872, issued and sold its bonds to the amount of $150,-000, and to secure their payment made and delivered to H. E. Wood-house and Joseph Rudd, Jr., trustees, a mortgage on all the property of the road and all corporate franchises held or exercised by said railway company. Said mortgage is of record in Cameron County.
3. By the provisions of said mortgage, in case of default in the payment of interest on any of said bonds for the period of six months, the trustees were authorized to take, enter into and upon, all and singular, the premises conveyed, and to have, hold, and use the same, operating by their superintendents, managers, receivers, or servants, or other attorneys or agents, the said railway, etc., with the full charge and management of the railway, to the exclusion of the company, in order to pay off the mortgage; but if the yearly income should fall short of the expenses, etc., the said trustees were authorized to sell.
4. About the 1st day of January, 1884, Simon Celaya and Feliciano San Roman, who were made substitute trustees under said deed of trust, by virtue of the aforesaid power vested in them under said instrument, went into the exclusive possession, operation, management, and control of said railway line, its property, franchises, etc., and ever since that time, up to the time of trial, had been and were continuously and exclusively in the possession of and control ánd management of said railway, and so in all things operating and running said road, and were especially doing so on the 19th day of January, 1891, and up to the time of trial.
5. On said last named day said trustees, Celaya and San Roman, through and by their agent and employe, C. Martinez, received from appellees at their railway office in Brownsville, to be transported to the end of the line of said railway and delivered to the Morgan steamship line (of the Southern Pacific Steamship Company’s line), 10,500 Mexican eagle dollars and a package of gold, together of the value of $9110. By their said agent said trustees gave to appellees a memorandum in writing, stating the quality, character, order, condition, and value of the aforesaid property, as follows:
“ Brownsville, Texas, January, 1891.
“Forwarded by J. S. and M. H. Cross, in good order, by the Rio Grande Railroad, the following property, to be delivered in like good condition at Brazos, unto Morgan, number 716. [Description.]
[Signed] “ C. Martinez.”
Appellees at once, and before the shipment of the money by the trustees, delivered said written memorandum to the agent of the steamship company, who took it up and issued to appellees four bills of lading.
6. The aforesaid trustees, in their usual course of operating, running, managing, etc., of said railway, caused said articles of value to be laden on the regular train of said railway on the morning of said 19th day of January, A. D. 1891, and started for its terminus at Point Isabel, and when said train had proceeded on its course about fifteen miles from the city of Brownsville, it was attacked by Mexican bandits and robbers, numbering ten or twelve persons, its engine and part of its cars were derailed and some of them burned, and the train and the persons thereon robbed, and the persons in charge of said train and others thereon overawed and controlled by force of arms, and said train robbed of more than 820,000, and amongst other all of the above articles of value, by the said bandits and robbers, who made off with their booty; and the said trustees were unable to deliver the said articles of value, as they had agreed, at the terminus of said road to said Morgan steamer, and no part of the same reached the consignees of appellees.
7. February 5, 1891, appellees demanded of S. Celaya and F. San Roman, as trustees of the Rio Grande Railway Company, that said railway company deliver to them the property, or, in its absence, its value, as per the bill of lading.
The trustees having declined to pay, appellees bring their suit against the Rio Grande Railway Company alone. Appellees admit that the mortgage under which the trustees have taken possession of the railway, to the total exclusion of the company, was duly executed in accordance with law and the charter of the company.
8. The bill of lading issued by the Morgan line of steamers was for the shipment of the money via the Rio Grande Railway Company and Morgan line of steamers to New Orleans, Louisiana. It stipulated, that the money was to be “ conveyed upon said steamship direct or transhipped as aforesaid to the port of New Orleans, in like good order and condition (the acts of God, the country’s enemies, fire at sea or in port, accidents to or from machinery, boilers, or steam, restraint of government, pirates, robbers, or thieves, collisions at sea or at port, and all and every danger of the seas, river, and steam navigation, of whatever nature or kind soever, excepted; and neither the ship nor owners thereof being liable for loss from any of the causes above excepted), and there to be delivered,” etc.
Conclusions of Law.
— 1. We do not deem it necessary to enter upon an examination of the authorities or a discussion of the cases with the view to determine the weight of authority from this and other States upon the question presented by appellant as. to its liability as a common
carrier while its railway is being operated by trustees under authority conferred by a mortgage of its railway property and franchises, because we are of the opinion that in this State a railway company can not voluntarily surrender the management and control of its railway to others, and thereby relieve itself of its duties and liabilities to the State and to the public. This has been practically decided by our Supreme Court in the case of Woodhouse v. Rio Grande Railway Company, 67 Texas, 416, wherein the appellant here was appellee in a cause of action that arose during the management of the same trustees. It does not appear that in that case the court had under consideration the clause in the defendant’s charter, which is a special act of the Legislature, authorizing the company to raise money by the sale of bonds and to secure the same by a mortgage of its road, its capital stock, its corporate franchises, etc., in such manner and form as said company or its directors might deem best and expedient; but we are of the opinion that the power to mortgage- contained in the charter is not sufficient to authorize the defendant to surrender control of its railway and the management thereof to other persons, and relieve itself of its liabilities and duties to the State and public. We hold, therefore, that the trustees, Celaya and San Roman, must be treated as the agents of the defendant for the management and operation of its railway in the discharge of its duties as public carriers, and that the defendant is liable for the loss occurring during such control.
2. The case was tried upon a statement of the facts which had been agreed upon and filed by the parties. When it was offered on the trial, the defendant objected to it as an entirety, for the several different reasons stated in the exceptions to its admission appearing at the end of the statement. The objections do not point out the particular portions of the evidence objected to, nor does it appear-what part of the evidence was offered by the defendant. We do not feel that we should be required to pass upon the number of objections addressed to the entire evidence, especially when it is not shown what part of the evidence was subject to the objections; but we do not think there was any error in overruling the objections, even if they should be entertained, because the defendant was liable for the acts of the trustees as its agents, and it was not necessary in order to authorize the introduction of the evidence that such agency should be averred. The surrender of the control of its railroad by the defendant was its voluntary act, and not in obedience to authority of a court, as in the case of a receiver.
3. It is now well settled, that legal interest may be allowed upon the value of the goods as a part of the measure of damages when a common carrier has not delivered them according to contract. Railway v. Jackson, 62 Texas, 212. The court in this case, sitting as a jury, awarded interest at the rate of 8 per cent per annum until the law went into effect changing the rate to 6 per c.ent. The objection is made that 6 per cent
only should have been allowed for the entire time. It would seem that the object of the rule is to give the shipper the current rate of legal interest on the value of his property which has been lost. This the court has given, and we see no error in its action. There is authority for this rule in cases of contract where the rate of interest is not stipulated. White v. Lyons, 42. Cal., 279, and other authorities cited by appellees.
Delivered October 19, 1893.
Writ of error refused by the Supreme Court, January 3, 1894.
4. The evidence does not show that the shipment of the money was interstate; but if it did, the limitation of liability by the steamship company in its bill of lading applies only to carriage by the ship.
5. Appellant’s proposition, that in any event it was only liable for negligence, because the carriage was gratuitous, the record not showing that it was for compensation, is not supported by the assignment of error under which it is stated.
There being no error, the judgment of the court below will be affirmed.
Affirmed.