Green, J.
Troy Riley brought this action to declare coverage under a policy of insurance issued by Viking Insurance Company of Wisconsin. The trial court found no coverage and dismissed the action. Mr. Riley appeals. We reverse.
The parties agree Mr. Riley is an insured under the Viking policy and stipulate to the following facts. On September 29, 1983, Mr. Riley was a passenger on a motorcycle
which collided with a pickup truck driven by John Felch. The motorcycle was owned and operated by Vincent Norman at the time of the collision. Mr. Felch, the pickup driver who caused the accident, was uninsured. Seriously injured, Mr. Riley filed a claim with Viking pursuant to the underinsured motorist clause of the Viking policy issued to his mother, Beverly J. Riley, with whom he resided. Viking denied coverage, and Mr. Riley brought this action. Both parties moved for summary judgment. The court granted Viking's motion resulting in this appeal.
Mr. Riley contends the policy language is ambiguous and that the average person reading the underinsured motorist clause would believe he was entitled to coverage for the damages he is legally entitled to recover from the owner and/or operator of an underinsured motor vehicle. We agree.
Interpretation or construction of insurance policy language is a question of law.
State Farm Gen. Ins. Co. v. Emerson,
102 Wn.2d 477, 480, 687 P.2d 1139 (1984);
Ryan v. Harrison,
40 Wn. App. 395, 396-97, 699 P.2d 230,
review denied,
104 Wn.2d 1003 (1985). In construing the language of an insurance policy, the court will examine the contract as a whole.
E-Z Loader Boat Trailers, Inc. v. Travelers Indem. Co.,
106 Wn.2d 901, 907, 726 P.2d 439 (1986);
State Farm Gen. Ins. Co. v. Emerson, supra.
The policy should be given a fair, reasonable and sensible construction consonant with the apparent object and intent of the parties,
i.e.,
a construction such as would be given to the contract by an average person purchasing insurance.
E-Z Loader,
at 907;
Thompson v. Grange Ins. Ass'n,
34 Wn. App. 151, 660 P.2d 307 (1983). Any ambiguity should be resolved so the doubtful provision in the contract will not unfairly devour the whole policy or relieve the insurer from liability fairly within the spirit of the policy.
E-Z Loader,
at 907;
United Pac. Ins. Co. v. Van's Westlake Union, Inc.,
34 Wn. App. 708, 664 P.2d 1262 (1983). An inclusionary clause in insurance contracts should be liberally construed to provide coverage whenever possible.
Pierce v. Aetna Cas. & Sur. Co.,
29 Wn. App. 32, 627 P.2d 152 (1981). Also, when an ambiguity in the policy exists, the meaning and construction most favorable to the insured must be applied, even though the insurer may have intended another meaning.
E-Z Loader,
at 907.
A majority of jurisdictions have defined a "motor vehicle" to include a motorcycle. 1C J. Appleman,
Insurance
§ 573, at 37-41 (1981);
Midwest Mut. Ins. Co. v. Indiana Ins. Co.,
412 N.E.2d 84 (Ind. Ct. App. 1980);
Chateau v. Smith,
297 So. 2d 268 (La. Ct. App. 1974);
Jirousek v. Prudential Ins. Co. of Am.,
27 Ohio St. 2d 62, 271 N.E.2d 866 (1971);
Bankes v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co.,
216 Pa. Super. 162, 264 A.2d 197 (1970). Other decisions have reached the same conclusion holding coverage exists under a policy's uninsured motorist provisions based on definitions contained in a statute, the insurance policy, or ambiguities in the policy.
Voris v. Pacific Indem. Co.,
213 Cal. App. 2d 29, 28 Cal. Rptr. 328, 330 (1963);
Standard Marine Ins. Co. v. Allyn,
333 So. 2d 497 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1976);
Dorrell v. State Fire & Cas. Co.,
221 So. 2d 5 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1969);
State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Bailey,
58 Hawaii 284, 568 P.2d 1185 (1977);
Boucher v. Employers Mut. Cas. Co.,
121 N.H. 524, 431 A.2d 137 (1981);
Fireman's Fund Ins. Co. v. LaCroix,
110 N.H. 335, 266 A.2d 860 (1970);
Hartford Accident & Indem. Co. v. Come,
100 N.H. 177, 123 A.2d 267 (1956); see
also
12 G. Couch,
Insurance
§ 45:170, at 437-38 (2d ed. 1981), and cases cited therein.
The policy here contains the following provisions:
Definitions
A car is a 4-wheel
motor vehicle
licensed for use on public roads. It includes any motor home that isn't used for business purposes and any utility trailer.
A motor vehicle
is a land motor vehicle designed for use on public roads. It includes
cars
and trailers. It also includes
any other land motor vehicle while used on public roads.
Underinsured Motorist Insurance
We promise to pay the damages you are legally entitled to receive from the owner and/or operator of an underinsured
motor vehicle
because of bodily injury or property damage.
We'll pay these damages for bodily injury
you
suffer in a
car accident
while occupying a car or, as a pedestrian.
Those Not Protected
Anyone
occupying
a motorcycle or
motor vehicle
owned by
you
or furnished for
your
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
Green, J.
Troy Riley brought this action to declare coverage under a policy of insurance issued by Viking Insurance Company of Wisconsin. The trial court found no coverage and dismissed the action. Mr. Riley appeals. We reverse.
The parties agree Mr. Riley is an insured under the Viking policy and stipulate to the following facts. On September 29, 1983, Mr. Riley was a passenger on a motorcycle
which collided with a pickup truck driven by John Felch. The motorcycle was owned and operated by Vincent Norman at the time of the collision. Mr. Felch, the pickup driver who caused the accident, was uninsured. Seriously injured, Mr. Riley filed a claim with Viking pursuant to the underinsured motorist clause of the Viking policy issued to his mother, Beverly J. Riley, with whom he resided. Viking denied coverage, and Mr. Riley brought this action. Both parties moved for summary judgment. The court granted Viking's motion resulting in this appeal.
Mr. Riley contends the policy language is ambiguous and that the average person reading the underinsured motorist clause would believe he was entitled to coverage for the damages he is legally entitled to recover from the owner and/or operator of an underinsured motor vehicle. We agree.
Interpretation or construction of insurance policy language is a question of law.
State Farm Gen. Ins. Co. v. Emerson,
102 Wn.2d 477, 480, 687 P.2d 1139 (1984);
Ryan v. Harrison,
40 Wn. App. 395, 396-97, 699 P.2d 230,
review denied,
104 Wn.2d 1003 (1985). In construing the language of an insurance policy, the court will examine the contract as a whole.
E-Z Loader Boat Trailers, Inc. v. Travelers Indem. Co.,
106 Wn.2d 901, 907, 726 P.2d 439 (1986);
State Farm Gen. Ins. Co. v. Emerson, supra.
The policy should be given a fair, reasonable and sensible construction consonant with the apparent object and intent of the parties,
i.e.,
a construction such as would be given to the contract by an average person purchasing insurance.
E-Z Loader,
at 907;
Thompson v. Grange Ins. Ass'n,
34 Wn. App. 151, 660 P.2d 307 (1983). Any ambiguity should be resolved so the doubtful provision in the contract will not unfairly devour the whole policy or relieve the insurer from liability fairly within the spirit of the policy.
E-Z Loader,
at 907;
United Pac. Ins. Co. v. Van's Westlake Union, Inc.,
34 Wn. App. 708, 664 P.2d 1262 (1983). An inclusionary clause in insurance contracts should be liberally construed to provide coverage whenever possible.
Pierce v. Aetna Cas. & Sur. Co.,
29 Wn. App. 32, 627 P.2d 152 (1981). Also, when an ambiguity in the policy exists, the meaning and construction most favorable to the insured must be applied, even though the insurer may have intended another meaning.
E-Z Loader,
at 907.
A majority of jurisdictions have defined a "motor vehicle" to include a motorcycle. 1C J. Appleman,
Insurance
§ 573, at 37-41 (1981);
Midwest Mut. Ins. Co. v. Indiana Ins. Co.,
412 N.E.2d 84 (Ind. Ct. App. 1980);
Chateau v. Smith,
297 So. 2d 268 (La. Ct. App. 1974);
Jirousek v. Prudential Ins. Co. of Am.,
27 Ohio St. 2d 62, 271 N.E.2d 866 (1971);
Bankes v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co.,
216 Pa. Super. 162, 264 A.2d 197 (1970). Other decisions have reached the same conclusion holding coverage exists under a policy's uninsured motorist provisions based on definitions contained in a statute, the insurance policy, or ambiguities in the policy.
Voris v. Pacific Indem. Co.,
213 Cal. App. 2d 29, 28 Cal. Rptr. 328, 330 (1963);
Standard Marine Ins. Co. v. Allyn,
333 So. 2d 497 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1976);
Dorrell v. State Fire & Cas. Co.,
221 So. 2d 5 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1969);
State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Bailey,
58 Hawaii 284, 568 P.2d 1185 (1977);
Boucher v. Employers Mut. Cas. Co.,
121 N.H. 524, 431 A.2d 137 (1981);
Fireman's Fund Ins. Co. v. LaCroix,
110 N.H. 335, 266 A.2d 860 (1970);
Hartford Accident & Indem. Co. v. Come,
100 N.H. 177, 123 A.2d 267 (1956); see
also
12 G. Couch,
Insurance
§ 45:170, at 437-38 (2d ed. 1981), and cases cited therein.
The policy here contains the following provisions:
Definitions
A car is a 4-wheel
motor vehicle
licensed for use on public roads. It includes any motor home that isn't used for business purposes and any utility trailer.
A motor vehicle
is a land motor vehicle designed for use on public roads. It includes
cars
and trailers. It also includes
any other land motor vehicle while used on public roads.
Underinsured Motorist Insurance
We promise to pay the damages you are legally entitled to receive from the owner and/or operator of an underinsured
motor vehicle
because of bodily injury or property damage.
We'll pay these damages for bodily injury
you
suffer in a
car accident
while occupying a car or, as a pedestrian.
Those Not Protected
Anyone
occupying
a motorcycle or
motor vehicle
owned by
you
or furnished for
your
regular use and not insured under the Liability Insurance of the policy, isn't protected by this insurance.
A
motorcycle
or
motor vehicle
owned by
you
or furnished for
your
regular use and not insured for Underinsured Motorists coverage under this policy isn't an underinsured motor vehicle, unless you are hit by such
motorcycle
or
motor vehicle.
(Some italics ours; some italics omitted.)
We hold the Viking policy provides coverage for Mr. Riley's injuries for the following reasons. First, RCW 48.22-.030 requires insurance companies to offer underinsured motorist coverage but permits a motorcycle exception.
Eurick v. Pemco Ins. Co.,
45 Wn. App. 54, 56, 723 P.2d 554 (1986). The Viking policy does not contain a blanket provision excluding coverage to all motorcycles. Instead, it only excludes coverage for anyone injured by a motorcycle
owned by or furnished for the regular use
of the insured and which is not insured under the policy, unless the insured is hit by such motorcycle. The policy is silent as to whether coverage is excluded if the insured is injured in an accident or while occupying a motorcycle which he does not own or have furnished for his/her regular use. Thus, in the absence of an exclusion, there was coverage for Mr. Riley's injuries sustained while occupying a motorcycle not owned or furnished for his regular use pursuant to RCW 48.22-.030(3).
Second, pursuant to the definitional section of the
policy, the term "motor vehicle" includes a "motorcycle". The first sentence of the underinsured motorist section provides coverage to the insured for damages received from an underinsured
"motor vehicle".
Thus, a motorcycle is covered. However, the second sentence of that section limits recovery to damages for bodily injury an insured suffers in a car accident or as a pedestrian. As a result, the coverage given in the first sentence is taken away by the second sentence. Reading the policy as a whole, a conflict or inconsistency exists within the "underinsured motorist insurance" provision. An ambiguity is created by these inconsistent sentences. Therefore, applying the meaning and construction most favorable to the insured, we hold the policy provided coverage to Mr. Riley for the damages he sustained in the motorcycle accident.
Reversed.
Thompson, A.C.J., and Munson, J., concur.
Review denied by Supreme Court May 5, 1987.