This opinion will be unpublished and may not be cited except as provided by Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).
STATE OF MINNESOTA IN COURT OF APPEALS A14-1690
Ride Auto Company, judgment creditor, Appellant,
vs.
Luis Silva Ibanez, Judgment Debtor,
Johnny’s LLC, et al., garnishees, Respondents.
Filed July 27, 2015 Affirmed Klaphake, Judge*
Dakota County District Court File No. 19HA-CV-11-5531
Robert J. Bruno, Robert J. Bruno, Ltd., Burnsville, Minnesota, (for appellant)
Matthew J. Schaap, Robert B. Bauer, Dougherty, Molenda, Solfest, Hills & Bauer, P.A., Apple Valley, Minnesota (for respondents)
Considered and decided by Bjorkman, Presiding Judge; Stauber, Judge; and
Klaphake, Judge.
* Retired judge of the Minnesota Court of Appeals, serving by appointment pursuant to Minn. Const. art. VI, § 10. UNPUBLISHED OPINION
KLAPHAKE, Judge
Appellant Ride Auto Company challenges the district court’s decision to deny its
default judgment motion and to dismiss respondents John Quevedo and Johnny’s LLC
from the case. We affirm.
DECISION
Garnishment procedures are governed by statute. Minn. Stat. §§ 571.71-.932
(2014); see also Savig v. First Nat’l Bank of Omaha, 781 N.W.2d 335, 338 (Minn. 2010).
The garnishment statute provides that the district court “may render judgment against the
garnishee, upon motion by the creditor,” if the garnishee “fails to serve a disclosure as
required in this chapter.” Minn. Stat. § 571.82, subd. 1. The statute also provides that the
district court “upon good cause shown may remove the default and permit the garnishee
to disclose on just terms.” Id.
“A garnishee should not become indebted to the plaintiff unless every proper
procedural step is taken to protect its interests, and the entry of judgment against it must
be strictly construed.” Lyon Dev. Corp. v. Ricke’s, Inc., 296 Minn. 75, 85, 207 N.W.2d
273, 279 (1973). We will reverse a district court’s decision to grant or deny entry of
judgment when its “reasons are based on facts not supported by the record.” Northland
Temporaries, Inc. v. Turpin, 744 N.W.2d 398, 402-03 (Minn. App. 2008), review denied
(Minn. Apr. 29, 2008).
A motion to remove a default judgment should be granted when the party in
default demonstrates “a reasonable defense on the merits; . . . a reasonable excuse for [its]
2 failure [or neglect] to answer; [when it] acted with due diligence after notice of the [entry
of judgment]; and no substantial prejudice will result to [the] other part[y].” Thayer v.
Am. Fin. Advisors, Inc., 322 N.W.2d 599, 601 (Minn. 1982); see also Hinz v. Northland
Milk & Ice Cream Co., 237 Minn. 28, 30, 53 N.W.2d 454, 456 (1952). The district court
may also consider the Thayer factors in determining whether to deny a motion for default
judgment. Black v. Rimmer, 700 N.W.2d 521, 526 (Minn. App. 2005), review dismissed
(Minn. Sept. 28, 2005). The Thayer factors “limit the district court’s discretion to deny
relief” because when all four factors are present, the court must grant relief. Turpin, 744
N.W.2d at 406. The decision whether to enter default judgment against a garnishee is
within a district court’s discretion, and we will not reverse absent an abuse of discretion.
Jordan v. Jordan, 109 Minn. 299, 301, 123 N.W. 825, 826 (1909); Black, 700 N.W.2d at
525.
Appellant Ride Auto Company (Ride Auto), a judgment creditor, served
respondents John Quevedo and Johnny’s LLC (Johnny’s) with a garnishment summons
believing that Johnny’s employed its debtor, Luis Ibanez. During a telephone call,
Quevedo told Ride Auto’s attorney that Ibanez rented space from, but was not an
employee of, Johnny’s. Gonzalo Quevedo, a co-owner of Johnny’s, also verified this
information in a letter sent to Ride Auto. Because neither John Quevedo nor Johnny’s
filed the disclosures required by statute, Ride Auto moved for default judgment.
All parties were present at the default judgment hearing. The district court stayed
entry of a default judgment and continued the matter for one week to allow Ride Auto
3 and Ibanez to settle their dispute, and for respondents to file the necessary disclosures and
obtain an attorney.
At the second hearing a week later, respondents appeared with an attorney, but
they had not yet filed the necessary disclosures, and Ride Auto had been unable to settle
with Ibanez. The district court permitted respondents to file the necessary disclosures by
5 p.m. that day, which they did. The district court ultimately denied Ride Auto’s default
judgment motion and dismissed respondents from the case, addressing each of the Thayer
factors.
Ride Auto now argues that the district court erred by concluding that there was
good cause to remove the default judgment, again addressing the Thayer factors. As to
the first factor, Ride Auto argues that there is “a weak showing” that respondents have a
defense on the merits. The district court noted that respondents sent Ride Auto a letter
stating that they were not Ibanez’s employer, made oral representations to this effect
when speaking with Ride Auto’s attorney, and fully disclosed that they did not employ or
owe money to Ibanez in their disclosures and affidavits. This evidence demonstrates a
defense on the merits.
The district court also concluded that respondents met the second Thayer factor
because they had “a reasonable excuse” for failing to submit two separate answers: they
represented the same entity, Johnny’s, which was “not financially related” to Ibanez.
Ride Auto asserts that “at the time the default was removed” there was no showing of a
reasonable excuse, arguing that the default was removed at the second default judgment
hearing and that Gonzalo Quevedo’s letter did not meet the requirements of proper
4 affidavits and disclosures. We agree with the district court’s determination that John
Quevedo’s failure to file separate answers was reasonably excused because he believed
the letter his co-owner and father sent to Ride Auto on behalf of Johnny’s was sufficient.
We reject Ride Auto’s argument that John Quevedo and Johnny’s should have been
required to strictly follow all procedural and statutory rules and decline to interpret
Thayer and its progeny to limit the district court’s common-sense application of its
discretion.
In discussing the third factor, whether respondents demonstrated due diligence
after notice of entry of judgment, the district court concluded that respondents “acted
with due diligence . . . because [they were] informed of the seriousness of the claims
against [them and] immediately took action.”1 The parties’ disclosures and affidavits,
which were submitted the same day that respondents retained counsel, provided evidence
that they acted with due diligence. Ride Auto argues the record does not show that
respondents “immediately took action” because the disclosures were due before the
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This opinion will be unpublished and may not be cited except as provided by Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).
STATE OF MINNESOTA IN COURT OF APPEALS A14-1690
Ride Auto Company, judgment creditor, Appellant,
vs.
Luis Silva Ibanez, Judgment Debtor,
Johnny’s LLC, et al., garnishees, Respondents.
Filed July 27, 2015 Affirmed Klaphake, Judge*
Dakota County District Court File No. 19HA-CV-11-5531
Robert J. Bruno, Robert J. Bruno, Ltd., Burnsville, Minnesota, (for appellant)
Matthew J. Schaap, Robert B. Bauer, Dougherty, Molenda, Solfest, Hills & Bauer, P.A., Apple Valley, Minnesota (for respondents)
Considered and decided by Bjorkman, Presiding Judge; Stauber, Judge; and
Klaphake, Judge.
* Retired judge of the Minnesota Court of Appeals, serving by appointment pursuant to Minn. Const. art. VI, § 10. UNPUBLISHED OPINION
KLAPHAKE, Judge
Appellant Ride Auto Company challenges the district court’s decision to deny its
default judgment motion and to dismiss respondents John Quevedo and Johnny’s LLC
from the case. We affirm.
DECISION
Garnishment procedures are governed by statute. Minn. Stat. §§ 571.71-.932
(2014); see also Savig v. First Nat’l Bank of Omaha, 781 N.W.2d 335, 338 (Minn. 2010).
The garnishment statute provides that the district court “may render judgment against the
garnishee, upon motion by the creditor,” if the garnishee “fails to serve a disclosure as
required in this chapter.” Minn. Stat. § 571.82, subd. 1. The statute also provides that the
district court “upon good cause shown may remove the default and permit the garnishee
to disclose on just terms.” Id.
“A garnishee should not become indebted to the plaintiff unless every proper
procedural step is taken to protect its interests, and the entry of judgment against it must
be strictly construed.” Lyon Dev. Corp. v. Ricke’s, Inc., 296 Minn. 75, 85, 207 N.W.2d
273, 279 (1973). We will reverse a district court’s decision to grant or deny entry of
judgment when its “reasons are based on facts not supported by the record.” Northland
Temporaries, Inc. v. Turpin, 744 N.W.2d 398, 402-03 (Minn. App. 2008), review denied
(Minn. Apr. 29, 2008).
A motion to remove a default judgment should be granted when the party in
default demonstrates “a reasonable defense on the merits; . . . a reasonable excuse for [its]
2 failure [or neglect] to answer; [when it] acted with due diligence after notice of the [entry
of judgment]; and no substantial prejudice will result to [the] other part[y].” Thayer v.
Am. Fin. Advisors, Inc., 322 N.W.2d 599, 601 (Minn. 1982); see also Hinz v. Northland
Milk & Ice Cream Co., 237 Minn. 28, 30, 53 N.W.2d 454, 456 (1952). The district court
may also consider the Thayer factors in determining whether to deny a motion for default
judgment. Black v. Rimmer, 700 N.W.2d 521, 526 (Minn. App. 2005), review dismissed
(Minn. Sept. 28, 2005). The Thayer factors “limit the district court’s discretion to deny
relief” because when all four factors are present, the court must grant relief. Turpin, 744
N.W.2d at 406. The decision whether to enter default judgment against a garnishee is
within a district court’s discretion, and we will not reverse absent an abuse of discretion.
Jordan v. Jordan, 109 Minn. 299, 301, 123 N.W. 825, 826 (1909); Black, 700 N.W.2d at
525.
Appellant Ride Auto Company (Ride Auto), a judgment creditor, served
respondents John Quevedo and Johnny’s LLC (Johnny’s) with a garnishment summons
believing that Johnny’s employed its debtor, Luis Ibanez. During a telephone call,
Quevedo told Ride Auto’s attorney that Ibanez rented space from, but was not an
employee of, Johnny’s. Gonzalo Quevedo, a co-owner of Johnny’s, also verified this
information in a letter sent to Ride Auto. Because neither John Quevedo nor Johnny’s
filed the disclosures required by statute, Ride Auto moved for default judgment.
All parties were present at the default judgment hearing. The district court stayed
entry of a default judgment and continued the matter for one week to allow Ride Auto
3 and Ibanez to settle their dispute, and for respondents to file the necessary disclosures and
obtain an attorney.
At the second hearing a week later, respondents appeared with an attorney, but
they had not yet filed the necessary disclosures, and Ride Auto had been unable to settle
with Ibanez. The district court permitted respondents to file the necessary disclosures by
5 p.m. that day, which they did. The district court ultimately denied Ride Auto’s default
judgment motion and dismissed respondents from the case, addressing each of the Thayer
factors.
Ride Auto now argues that the district court erred by concluding that there was
good cause to remove the default judgment, again addressing the Thayer factors. As to
the first factor, Ride Auto argues that there is “a weak showing” that respondents have a
defense on the merits. The district court noted that respondents sent Ride Auto a letter
stating that they were not Ibanez’s employer, made oral representations to this effect
when speaking with Ride Auto’s attorney, and fully disclosed that they did not employ or
owe money to Ibanez in their disclosures and affidavits. This evidence demonstrates a
defense on the merits.
The district court also concluded that respondents met the second Thayer factor
because they had “a reasonable excuse” for failing to submit two separate answers: they
represented the same entity, Johnny’s, which was “not financially related” to Ibanez.
Ride Auto asserts that “at the time the default was removed” there was no showing of a
reasonable excuse, arguing that the default was removed at the second default judgment
hearing and that Gonzalo Quevedo’s letter did not meet the requirements of proper
4 affidavits and disclosures. We agree with the district court’s determination that John
Quevedo’s failure to file separate answers was reasonably excused because he believed
the letter his co-owner and father sent to Ride Auto on behalf of Johnny’s was sufficient.
We reject Ride Auto’s argument that John Quevedo and Johnny’s should have been
required to strictly follow all procedural and statutory rules and decline to interpret
Thayer and its progeny to limit the district court’s common-sense application of its
discretion.
In discussing the third factor, whether respondents demonstrated due diligence
after notice of entry of judgment, the district court concluded that respondents “acted
with due diligence . . . because [they were] informed of the seriousness of the claims
against [them and] immediately took action.”1 The parties’ disclosures and affidavits,
which were submitted the same day that respondents retained counsel, provided evidence
that they acted with due diligence. Ride Auto argues the record does not show that
respondents “immediately took action” because the disclosures were due before the
default judgment hearing, and respondents appeared for two hearings before filing the
disclosures. But given the overall timeliness of respondents’ actions, we agree with the
district court’s conclusion that respondents “immediately took action” by retaining an
attorney and filing the necessary affidavits and disclosures.
1 In Black, the debtor argued that the district court abused its discretion both in entering default judgment and in refusing to vacate the default judgment. 700 N.W.2d at 524. We concluded that “our analysis of the four [Thayer] factors . . . [for] reviewing the district court’s granting of the default judgments will be the same analysis that we will make in reviewing the [district] court’s denial” of a motion to vacate a judgment. Id. at 526.
5 The last Thayer factor concerns whether denying a motion for default judgment
would prejudice Ride Auto. The district court concluded that Ride Auto would not be
prejudiced because respondents are not proper parties to the garnishment action, and that
John Quevedo and Johnny’s would be substantially prejudiced by being subject to the
proceeding. The district court also cited Minn. Stat. § 571.79 (2014), which provides that
garnishees “shall be discharged” when the garnishee discloses that it is “not indebted to
the debtor or does not possess any money or other property belonging to the debtor that is
attachable.” The district court also stated that “[t]here is no evidence or facts that
contradict the disclosure made by Johnny’s [and t]here is not a relationship in this case
that allows for garnishment of [John Quevedo and Johnny’s].”
Ride Auto’s primary argument on this factor is that respondents did not make an
“affirmative showing” that Ride Auto would not be prejudiced by denial of the default
judgment. But Ride Auto retains a valid judgment against Ibanez and can attempt to
collect on the debt from Ibanez and other employers or creditors. Because the record
supports that respondents were not proper parties, that Ibanez was willing to pay the debt
himself, and that Ride Auto can pursue other proper garnishees, we conclude that the
district court did not abuse its discretion in concluding the fourth factor was met.
We conclude that the district court did not abuse its discretion in denying Ride
Auto’s motion for default judgment and dismissing John Quevedo and Johnny’s from the
case.
Affirmed.