IMPORTANT NOTICE NOT TO BE PUBLISHED OPINION . (
THIS OPINION IS DESIGNATED "NOT TO BE PUBLISHED." PURSUANT TO THE RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE PROMULGATED BY THE SUPREME COURT, CR 76.28(4)(C), THIS OPINION IS NOT TO BE PUBLISHED AND SHALL NOT BE CITED OR USED AS BINDING PRECEDENT IN ANY OTHER CASE IN ANY COURT OF THIS STATE; HOWEVER, _ UNPUBLISHED KENTUCKY APPELLATE DECISIONS, RENDERED AFTER JANUARY 1, 2003, MAY BE CITED FOR CONSIDERATION BY THE COURT IF THERE IS NO PUBLISHED OPINION THAT WOULD ADEQUATELY ADDRESS THE ISSUE BEFORE THE COURT. OPINIONS CITED FOR CONSIDERATION BY THE COURT SHALL BE SET OUT AS AN UNPUBLISHED DECISION IN THE FILED DOCUMENT AND A COPY OF THE ENTIRE DECISION SHALL BE TENDERED ALONG WITH THE DOCUMENT TO THE COURT AND ALL PARTIES TO THE ACTION.
··- RENDERED: APRIL 26, 2018 NOT TO BE PUBLISHED
2017 -SC-000256-MR
RICK ROE APPELLANT
ON APPEAL FROM COURT OF APPEALS v. 201 7 -CA-000315-0A FAYETTE CIRCUIT COURT NO. l 1-CI-03546
HON. THOMAS L. CLARK, JUDGE, APPELLEE FAYETTE CIRCUIT COURT
AND
B. DAHLENBURG BONAR, PSC AND BARBARA BONAR REAL PARTIES IN INTEREST
MEMORANDUM OPINION OF THE COURT
AFFIRMING
. Appellant Rick Roe appeals from a Court of Appeals' order denying his
petition for a writ of mandamus compelling Judge Thomas L. Clark of the
Fayette Circuit Court to enter a protective order regarding discovery in a suit
that Roe brought against his former attorney? Barbara D. Bonar. Having
reviewed the record and. applicable law', we affirm the Court of Appeals.
STATEMENT OF FACTS
In 2003, Rick Roe (a pseudonym) hired Barbara Bonar to represent him
in pursuing a claim against the Roman Catholic Diocese of Covington arising
from sexual abuse Roe suffered a_s a child. Roe did not want anyone, including his family, to know that he had been abused by a priest. In keeping with Roe's
objective to pursue his claim without having to be identified publicly, Bonar
negotiated a private settlement with the Diocese for $175,000.
Eight years later, in 2011, Roe sued Bonar and her law firm, D.
Dahlenburg Bonar, PSC (collectively "Bonar") jn Fayette Circuit Court alleging
she had fraudulently induced him to opt out of a class action styled Doe et al.
v. Roman Catholic Diocese of Covington, et al., Boone Circuit Court No. 03-CI-
181 ("the Class Action"). Roe alleges that had he participated in the Class
Action he would have received damages that were several times the amount he
recovered in the private settlement. Roe claims that Bonar had conflicts of ' .
interest arising from her relationship with the Diocese as well as her status as
one of the attorneys of record in 'the Class Action. He maintains that the
private settlement for a nominal amount relative to the value of his claim was
of substantial financial benefit to the Diocese (and Bonar, because she received
more attorney fees) and substantial detriment to him. On these same. facts, he
alleges entitlement to a civil recovery pursuant to Kentucky Revised Statute
("KRS") 446.070 for Bonar;s alleged violation of KRS 514.040(1), the criminal
statute pertaining to theft by deception. Bonar denies these allegations.
Bonar moved for summary judgment against Roe in 2014, contending
that his claims were long-barred by the one-year statute of limitation. Roe
insisted that he had no knowledge of the favorable Class Action settlement and
his claim against Bonar until sometime in the year preceding his filing of his
suit in Fayette Circuit Court, so his case was timely filed. The Court denied
2 the summary judgment motion and the parties attempted settlement. In
January 2017, when it appeared a settlement could not be reached, Bonar's ·
counsel began seeking discovery, including depositions from Roe's family
members - his ex-wife, children, siblings and other family members. This
initiation of discovery as to Roe's family members is the source of the dispute
that led to the writ action.
Roe sought a protective order from the trial court pursuant to Kentucky
Civil Rule ("CR") 26.03 preventing Bonar from "interviewing, contacting in any
manner, subpoenaing, deposing or serving any type of discovery on Roe's ex-
wife, children, siblings, or ~ny other family members." Roe maintains that his
family is still unaware of his childhood sexual abuse and any claims he has
asserted or is asserting stemming from that abuse, and that he does not want
this confidential "information of a ruinous nature" revealed to his family
through Bonar's discovery efforts. Bonar opposed the broad protective order
on several grQunds and denied that the discovery was sought for any improper
purpose, such as to force Roe to drop the suit or settle for less.
Judge Clark denied the protective order noting, first, that Roe had ' brought the action and should have anticipated. that Bonar would conduct
discovery regarding his claims against. the Diocese and against Bonar. Second,
the judge observed that the statute of limitation defense was still viable, and it
was appropriate for Bonar to discover what Roe knew and when he knew it as
to his fraudulent inducement claim against his former attorney. Finally,
determining whether Roe would have fared better under the Class Action
3 settlement required some discovery about his specific sexual abuse claim, the
period of abuse and other matters about which family members may have
knowledge.
Following deni~1 of hi~ motion for a protective order, Roe brought an
original writ action against Judge Clark in the Kentucky Court of Appeals
seeking to stay discovery. That Court denied intermediate relief pursuant to
CR 76.36(4) and later denied the petition for mandamus. Roe argues that his
family members do not possess any relevant information and that the me:rits of
his underlying sexual abuse claim are not relevant to his claims against Bonar.
Although_ the Court of Appeals acknowledged that overly broad discovery can
fall under the spedal cases exception to our writ standard, it found no basis to ·
justify the blanket discovery prohibition sought by ~oe. The Court reasoned
the underlying claim against the Diocese was relevant insofar as it directly
impacted Bonar's work on Roe's behalf, and that the statute of limitation
defense was potentially viable. Family members could have relevant
information regarding both matters. The Court stated: "While Roe's desire for
anonymity is understandable, a lawsuit is a public event. Roe's desire for
anonymity as a plaintiff does not entitle him to control the defendant's ability
to independently investigate the claims and assemble a defense." Finding no
abuse of discretion in the trial court's denial of the protective order, the Court
of Appeals denied the writ. This appeal followed.
4 ANALYSIS
A writ is an extraordinary remedy and consequently this Court has
always been cautious in granting such relief. Bender v. Eaton, 343 S.W.2d
799, 800 (Ky. 1961). As we stated in Hoskins v. Maricle, 150 S.W.3d 1, 10 (Ky.
2004),
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IMPORTANT NOTICE NOT TO BE PUBLISHED OPINION . (
THIS OPINION IS DESIGNATED "NOT TO BE PUBLISHED." PURSUANT TO THE RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE PROMULGATED BY THE SUPREME COURT, CR 76.28(4)(C), THIS OPINION IS NOT TO BE PUBLISHED AND SHALL NOT BE CITED OR USED AS BINDING PRECEDENT IN ANY OTHER CASE IN ANY COURT OF THIS STATE; HOWEVER, _ UNPUBLISHED KENTUCKY APPELLATE DECISIONS, RENDERED AFTER JANUARY 1, 2003, MAY BE CITED FOR CONSIDERATION BY THE COURT IF THERE IS NO PUBLISHED OPINION THAT WOULD ADEQUATELY ADDRESS THE ISSUE BEFORE THE COURT. OPINIONS CITED FOR CONSIDERATION BY THE COURT SHALL BE SET OUT AS AN UNPUBLISHED DECISION IN THE FILED DOCUMENT AND A COPY OF THE ENTIRE DECISION SHALL BE TENDERED ALONG WITH THE DOCUMENT TO THE COURT AND ALL PARTIES TO THE ACTION.
··- RENDERED: APRIL 26, 2018 NOT TO BE PUBLISHED
2017 -SC-000256-MR
RICK ROE APPELLANT
ON APPEAL FROM COURT OF APPEALS v. 201 7 -CA-000315-0A FAYETTE CIRCUIT COURT NO. l 1-CI-03546
HON. THOMAS L. CLARK, JUDGE, APPELLEE FAYETTE CIRCUIT COURT
AND
B. DAHLENBURG BONAR, PSC AND BARBARA BONAR REAL PARTIES IN INTEREST
MEMORANDUM OPINION OF THE COURT
AFFIRMING
. Appellant Rick Roe appeals from a Court of Appeals' order denying his
petition for a writ of mandamus compelling Judge Thomas L. Clark of the
Fayette Circuit Court to enter a protective order regarding discovery in a suit
that Roe brought against his former attorney? Barbara D. Bonar. Having
reviewed the record and. applicable law', we affirm the Court of Appeals.
STATEMENT OF FACTS
In 2003, Rick Roe (a pseudonym) hired Barbara Bonar to represent him
in pursuing a claim against the Roman Catholic Diocese of Covington arising
from sexual abuse Roe suffered a_s a child. Roe did not want anyone, including his family, to know that he had been abused by a priest. In keeping with Roe's
objective to pursue his claim without having to be identified publicly, Bonar
negotiated a private settlement with the Diocese for $175,000.
Eight years later, in 2011, Roe sued Bonar and her law firm, D.
Dahlenburg Bonar, PSC (collectively "Bonar") jn Fayette Circuit Court alleging
she had fraudulently induced him to opt out of a class action styled Doe et al.
v. Roman Catholic Diocese of Covington, et al., Boone Circuit Court No. 03-CI-
181 ("the Class Action"). Roe alleges that had he participated in the Class
Action he would have received damages that were several times the amount he
recovered in the private settlement. Roe claims that Bonar had conflicts of ' .
interest arising from her relationship with the Diocese as well as her status as
one of the attorneys of record in 'the Class Action. He maintains that the
private settlement for a nominal amount relative to the value of his claim was
of substantial financial benefit to the Diocese (and Bonar, because she received
more attorney fees) and substantial detriment to him. On these same. facts, he
alleges entitlement to a civil recovery pursuant to Kentucky Revised Statute
("KRS") 446.070 for Bonar;s alleged violation of KRS 514.040(1), the criminal
statute pertaining to theft by deception. Bonar denies these allegations.
Bonar moved for summary judgment against Roe in 2014, contending
that his claims were long-barred by the one-year statute of limitation. Roe
insisted that he had no knowledge of the favorable Class Action settlement and
his claim against Bonar until sometime in the year preceding his filing of his
suit in Fayette Circuit Court, so his case was timely filed. The Court denied
2 the summary judgment motion and the parties attempted settlement. In
January 2017, when it appeared a settlement could not be reached, Bonar's ·
counsel began seeking discovery, including depositions from Roe's family
members - his ex-wife, children, siblings and other family members. This
initiation of discovery as to Roe's family members is the source of the dispute
that led to the writ action.
Roe sought a protective order from the trial court pursuant to Kentucky
Civil Rule ("CR") 26.03 preventing Bonar from "interviewing, contacting in any
manner, subpoenaing, deposing or serving any type of discovery on Roe's ex-
wife, children, siblings, or ~ny other family members." Roe maintains that his
family is still unaware of his childhood sexual abuse and any claims he has
asserted or is asserting stemming from that abuse, and that he does not want
this confidential "information of a ruinous nature" revealed to his family
through Bonar's discovery efforts. Bonar opposed the broad protective order
on several grQunds and denied that the discovery was sought for any improper
purpose, such as to force Roe to drop the suit or settle for less.
Judge Clark denied the protective order noting, first, that Roe had ' brought the action and should have anticipated. that Bonar would conduct
discovery regarding his claims against. the Diocese and against Bonar. Second,
the judge observed that the statute of limitation defense was still viable, and it
was appropriate for Bonar to discover what Roe knew and when he knew it as
to his fraudulent inducement claim against his former attorney. Finally,
determining whether Roe would have fared better under the Class Action
3 settlement required some discovery about his specific sexual abuse claim, the
period of abuse and other matters about which family members may have
knowledge.
Following deni~1 of hi~ motion for a protective order, Roe brought an
original writ action against Judge Clark in the Kentucky Court of Appeals
seeking to stay discovery. That Court denied intermediate relief pursuant to
CR 76.36(4) and later denied the petition for mandamus. Roe argues that his
family members do not possess any relevant information and that the me:rits of
his underlying sexual abuse claim are not relevant to his claims against Bonar.
Although_ the Court of Appeals acknowledged that overly broad discovery can
fall under the spedal cases exception to our writ standard, it found no basis to ·
justify the blanket discovery prohibition sought by ~oe. The Court reasoned
the underlying claim against the Diocese was relevant insofar as it directly
impacted Bonar's work on Roe's behalf, and that the statute of limitation
defense was potentially viable. Family members could have relevant
information regarding both matters. The Court stated: "While Roe's desire for
anonymity is understandable, a lawsuit is a public event. Roe's desire for
anonymity as a plaintiff does not entitle him to control the defendant's ability
to independently investigate the claims and assemble a defense." Finding no
abuse of discretion in the trial court's denial of the protective order, the Court
of Appeals denied the writ. This appeal followed.
4 ANALYSIS
A writ is an extraordinary remedy and consequently this Court has
always been cautious in granting such relief. Bender v. Eaton, 343 S.W.2d
799, 800 (Ky. 1961). As we stated in Hoskins v. Maricle, 150 S.W.3d 1, 10 (Ky.
2004),
[a] writ of prohibition may be granted upon a showing that (1) the lower court is proceeding or is about to proceed outside of its jurisdiction and there is no remedy through an application to an intermediate court; or (2) that the lower court is acting or is about to act erroneously, although within its jurisdiction, and there exists no adequate remedy by appeal or otherwise and great injustice and irreparable injury will result if the petition is not granted. ·
The second class of writ, where a lower court is acting within its jurisdiction
but erroneously, is invoked in cases such as this one where an order regarding
discovery is at issue.
Looking first at whether the trial court was acting erroneously, CR 26.02
addresses relevancy in the context of discovery and provides that parties "may
obtain discovery regarding any matter, not privileged, which is relevant to the
subject matter involved in the pending action[.] ... " A trial court's order
regarding discovery is reviewed for an abuse of discretion. ~outhem Fin. Life
Ins. Co. v. Combs, 413 S.W.3d 921, 931 (Ky. 2013). Like both lower courts, we
view the discovery from Roe's family members as potentially relevant to both
Roe's initial claim against the Diocese and his later awareness of a potential
claim against Bonar - the lingering statute of limitation issue. A broad
5 protective order, walling off discovery from all of Roe's family members, clearly
would interfere with the proper scope of discovery in this matter.
Moreover, "a protective order against discovery' is appropriate only upon
proof that it is 'being conducted in bad faith of in such manner to annoy,
embarrass, or oppress the person subject to the inquiry."' Volvo Car Corp. v.
Hopkins, 860 S.W.2d 777, 779 (Ky. 1993) (quoting Hickman v. Taylor, 329 U.S.
495 (1947). None of these objectionable behaviors is present here. Instead,
Bonar simply seeks relevant discovery to defend against the fraudulent
inducement and criminal theft charges that Roe has alleged. Roe was one of
many child victims in an ongoing sexual abuse scandal and his interest in
privacy is certainly understandable but it cannot be the basis for allowing him
to dictate the contours of discovery in a case he chose to file. The trial court
did not abuse its discretion in denying the requested protective order.
Because the trial court is not acting erroneously, Roe is not entitled to a
writ. We affirm the Court of Appeals' denial of the petition for a writ of
mandamus in this matter.
All sitting. All concur.
6 ( I
COUNSEL FOR APPELLANT:
James M. Gary Weber & Rose, PSC
COUNSEL FOR REAL PARTIES IN INTEREST:
Craig Christman Dilger Christopher E. Schaefer Stoll Keenon Ogden PLLC
/