Graves J.
The original bill in this case was filed on the sixth day of January, 1855, to foreclose two mortgages executed on the 29th of October, 1847, one by Anmriah Kawson, and the other by William E. Warner, to George W. Gilbert, and such bill was followed by a supplemental one, filed by the complainants on the 14th of September, 1863.
Morton answered, but all the other defendants suffered the bills to be taken as confessed, and, on the hearing, they were dismissed as to him, and the complainants appealed to this court.
The defense interposed by Morton relates exclusively to the Kawson mortgage, and the property covered by it which property he claims to have acquired by purchase of Newton Edmunds, whom he alleges to have been the vendee of the same on foreclosure hnd sale, upon a mortgage given on the same premises by Kawson to one Simeon A. Dunn several years before the execution of the mortgage to Gilbert, namely July the first, 1841.
It is maintained, on the part of Morton, that the foreclosure proceedings on the Dunn mortgage were commenced on the 14th of February, 1846, in the Court of Chancery, as then constituted, that a decree of sale was made in 1849, and that the property was sold to Edmunds,' pursuant thereto, on the 15th of May, 1850.
It is seen, therefore, that the position of Morton amounts to an assertion of an adverse and paramount title, derived through the foreclosure proceedings on the prior mortgage given to Dunn.
The material question in the case is whether, by the proceedings so carried on by Newton Edmunds, he obtained the legal title and barred the equity of redemption as against those, setting up the mortgage in suit.
[260]*260Tlie decision of this question requires us to determine whether certain proceedings essential to the completion of the foreclosure, and the validity of a title depending thereupon have been shown to have taken place. Upon this point the parties are at issue, it being maintained by the complainants that several of the most essential things for the foreclosure relied on, are in no manner shown to have been done, while it is urged in behalf of Morton that it sufficiently appears that all requisite proceedings were had, and that certain discrepancies pointed out by the complainants as to the description of the tribunal in different instances in the papers and proceedings produced in evidence, are merely verbal, and such as ought not to prejudice Morton’s right.
By the act which took effect February, 27, 1847 (Sess. L. 1847, p. 33,) the office of Chancellor was abolished, but the Court was retained, and the jurisdiction devolved upon the Justices of the Supreme Court, for the jmrpose of disposing of all the business commenced in the Court as theretofore constituted. This act also continued, the registers of the Court in office, and authorized the Justices of the Supreme Court to fill vacancies by appointment. By the R. S. which took effect on the first of March, 1847, jurisdiction as to all new business was given to the Circuit Courts in Chancery for the several counties.
It is seen that this law of February 27th, provided a particular tribunal for the winding up of the business pending in the old court, at the time when the Circuit Courts in Chancery for the several counties were clothed with exclusive jurisdiction in all other cases, and, on examination, it will be found that such particular tribunal continued to have exclusive jurisdiction of - the matters so confided to it, until June 2, 1850, at which time by the act of that year (L. 1850, p. 416, 417,) certain cases were made transferable in the way, and upon the grounds specified in the act, to the Circuit Court in Chancery for the county. [261]*261It is, however, conceded that this act did not apply to the case. As the bill to foreclose the Dunn mortgage was filed in 1846, in the old court, and the mortgaged premises were in Wayne county, the tribunal provided for by the act of February, 1847, must have retained complete and exclusive jurisdiction over the case until after January 1, 1852, when the act of June, 1851, became operative, (Sess. L. 1851, pp. 276, 277.)
The Courts of Chancery in this State have always been re quired to keep an accurate record of their decrees, orders, and proceedings, in such form as to identify the tribunal exercising jurisdiction in the given case, together with the acts performed; and the necessity for so doing is founded upon reasons so obvious and conclusive as to supercede any critical reference thereto. From the nature of the case, a particular court can, in general, be precisely distinguished upon the face of its proceedings in no other way than by the style which belongs to it, or, in other words, the appellation which the law has bestowed upon it, for the very purpose of distinguishing it from all other judicial organizations. It is undoubtedly true that in many instances a mere clerical misnomer will be amended, or rendered harmless by construction, but when this is done, it must be because the evidence of mistake comes in such shape, and under such circumstances as to leave no question as .to the intrinsic rectitude of the act, the fact of mistake, and the authority to read the record or proceeding according to the truth. When, however, the written entries or files in the nature of a record, or constituting a record, furnish the only written evidence of the character of the proceeding, or of the identity of the tribunal, they must, when compatible with the general jurisdiction and course of such court, be necessarily conclusive in a collateral inquiry as to those points, in conformity with the principle which accords verity to the record, and will not permit one to be contradicted by parol.
We have seen that, from a short time after the filing of [262]*262the bill in the old court to foreclose the Dunn mortgage, there existed and were held in Washtenaw county, until 1852, two entirely distinct and independent tribunals for the transaction of Chancery business, one having exclusive jurisdiction over that case, and the other having no concern with it whatever. It is also well known that the style or title of the court so having jurisdiction of that cause was “ The Court of Chancery of the State of Michigan, for the Second Circuit,” and that the style or title of the other court, which had no jurisdiction in that case, was “The Circuit Court for the County of Washtenaw in Chancery.”
The first material objection to the validity of the proceedings for the foreclosure of the Dunn mortgage relates to the decree, the complainants denying that any decree of foreclosure and sale was made by thé court having cognizance of the case and jurisdiction. And, although there is some ground for contending that no decree was actually made and enrolled in such court, it is not necessary to discuss that point, because we feel compelled to hold that difficulties subsequent to the supposed decree must inevitably defeat the claim of the defendant, Morton.
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Graves J.
The original bill in this case was filed on the sixth day of January, 1855, to foreclose two mortgages executed on the 29th of October, 1847, one by Anmriah Kawson, and the other by William E. Warner, to George W. Gilbert, and such bill was followed by a supplemental one, filed by the complainants on the 14th of September, 1863.
Morton answered, but all the other defendants suffered the bills to be taken as confessed, and, on the hearing, they were dismissed as to him, and the complainants appealed to this court.
The defense interposed by Morton relates exclusively to the Kawson mortgage, and the property covered by it which property he claims to have acquired by purchase of Newton Edmunds, whom he alleges to have been the vendee of the same on foreclosure hnd sale, upon a mortgage given on the same premises by Kawson to one Simeon A. Dunn several years before the execution of the mortgage to Gilbert, namely July the first, 1841.
It is maintained, on the part of Morton, that the foreclosure proceedings on the Dunn mortgage were commenced on the 14th of February, 1846, in the Court of Chancery, as then constituted, that a decree of sale was made in 1849, and that the property was sold to Edmunds,' pursuant thereto, on the 15th of May, 1850.
It is seen, therefore, that the position of Morton amounts to an assertion of an adverse and paramount title, derived through the foreclosure proceedings on the prior mortgage given to Dunn.
The material question in the case is whether, by the proceedings so carried on by Newton Edmunds, he obtained the legal title and barred the equity of redemption as against those, setting up the mortgage in suit.
[260]*260Tlie decision of this question requires us to determine whether certain proceedings essential to the completion of the foreclosure, and the validity of a title depending thereupon have been shown to have taken place. Upon this point the parties are at issue, it being maintained by the complainants that several of the most essential things for the foreclosure relied on, are in no manner shown to have been done, while it is urged in behalf of Morton that it sufficiently appears that all requisite proceedings were had, and that certain discrepancies pointed out by the complainants as to the description of the tribunal in different instances in the papers and proceedings produced in evidence, are merely verbal, and such as ought not to prejudice Morton’s right.
By the act which took effect February, 27, 1847 (Sess. L. 1847, p. 33,) the office of Chancellor was abolished, but the Court was retained, and the jurisdiction devolved upon the Justices of the Supreme Court, for the jmrpose of disposing of all the business commenced in the Court as theretofore constituted. This act also continued, the registers of the Court in office, and authorized the Justices of the Supreme Court to fill vacancies by appointment. By the R. S. which took effect on the first of March, 1847, jurisdiction as to all new business was given to the Circuit Courts in Chancery for the several counties.
It is seen that this law of February 27th, provided a particular tribunal for the winding up of the business pending in the old court, at the time when the Circuit Courts in Chancery for the several counties were clothed with exclusive jurisdiction in all other cases, and, on examination, it will be found that such particular tribunal continued to have exclusive jurisdiction of - the matters so confided to it, until June 2, 1850, at which time by the act of that year (L. 1850, p. 416, 417,) certain cases were made transferable in the way, and upon the grounds specified in the act, to the Circuit Court in Chancery for the county. [261]*261It is, however, conceded that this act did not apply to the case. As the bill to foreclose the Dunn mortgage was filed in 1846, in the old court, and the mortgaged premises were in Wayne county, the tribunal provided for by the act of February, 1847, must have retained complete and exclusive jurisdiction over the case until after January 1, 1852, when the act of June, 1851, became operative, (Sess. L. 1851, pp. 276, 277.)
The Courts of Chancery in this State have always been re quired to keep an accurate record of their decrees, orders, and proceedings, in such form as to identify the tribunal exercising jurisdiction in the given case, together with the acts performed; and the necessity for so doing is founded upon reasons so obvious and conclusive as to supercede any critical reference thereto. From the nature of the case, a particular court can, in general, be precisely distinguished upon the face of its proceedings in no other way than by the style which belongs to it, or, in other words, the appellation which the law has bestowed upon it, for the very purpose of distinguishing it from all other judicial organizations. It is undoubtedly true that in many instances a mere clerical misnomer will be amended, or rendered harmless by construction, but when this is done, it must be because the evidence of mistake comes in such shape, and under such circumstances as to leave no question as .to the intrinsic rectitude of the act, the fact of mistake, and the authority to read the record or proceeding according to the truth. When, however, the written entries or files in the nature of a record, or constituting a record, furnish the only written evidence of the character of the proceeding, or of the identity of the tribunal, they must, when compatible with the general jurisdiction and course of such court, be necessarily conclusive in a collateral inquiry as to those points, in conformity with the principle which accords verity to the record, and will not permit one to be contradicted by parol.
We have seen that, from a short time after the filing of [262]*262the bill in the old court to foreclose the Dunn mortgage, there existed and were held in Washtenaw county, until 1852, two entirely distinct and independent tribunals for the transaction of Chancery business, one having exclusive jurisdiction over that case, and the other having no concern with it whatever. It is also well known that the style or title of the court so having jurisdiction of that cause was “ The Court of Chancery of the State of Michigan, for the Second Circuit,” and that the style or title of the other court, which had no jurisdiction in that case, was “The Circuit Court for the County of Washtenaw in Chancery.”
The first material objection to the validity of the proceedings for the foreclosure of the Dunn mortgage relates to the decree, the complainants denying that any decree of foreclosure and sale was made by thé court having cognizance of the case and jurisdiction. And, although there is some ground for contending that no decree was actually made and enrolled in such court, it is not necessary to discuss that point, because we feel compelled to hold that difficulties subsequent to the supposed decree must inevitably defeat the claim of the defendant, Morton. On turning to the proofs in the case, we observe that the master’s notice of the sale under which Morton makes his claim, stated that the sale would be made by virtue of a decree of “the Circuit Court for the County of Washtenaw, in Chancery,” in a case pending in said court; that the recitals in the master’s deed were in the same form, that the report of sale by the master was entitled in that way, and addressed to the same court, and that all the proceedings of the master purported to relate to a cause pending “in the Circuit Court, for the County of Washtenaw in Chancery,” and not in “the Court of Chancery, of the State of Michigan, for the Second Circuit.” The written evidence of all these proceedings denotes that the proceedings it describes pertained to the Circuit Court for the County of Washtenaw, in Chancery, and not to the other court, and they could [263]*263not, in the present instance, be referred to the Court of Chancery of the State, for the Second Circuit, without disregarding the object of written records, and the purpose of specific appellations for the tribunals of the country. Indeed it seems reasonable that, in ascertaining which court was acting or addressed, we should be guided by the evidence furnished by the records, and should not reject the testimony they afford on the subject, upon the assumption that the proceedings of one court were carried on in the style of another.
But it is maintained, on behalf of Morton, that the public sale before mentioned was duly confirmed, by the Circuit Court for the County of Washtenaw, in Chancery, on the 24th of September, 1853, when that court had complete jurisdiction by force of the act of 1851 (L. 1851, p. 276,) and that such confirmation was and is conclusive as to the rights of all parties to the suit, and all others claiming under them to the subject in controversy.
On recurring to the record, it will be observed that the action of the court, which is claimed to have b.een in confirmation of the sale, seems to have been an ex-parte order allowing a writ of assistance, and reciting that it appeared from the affidavit of Amos C. Blodget, that Rawson, who was in possession, had been served with a certified copy of the order confirming the master’s report upon a sale of the premises, &c.
There are several reasons against giving to this order the effect imputed to it. First: There is nothing to show that Rawson appeared, or had notice of the application, while the circumstances tend to prove the contrary. Second: It is evident that it was not meant to pass upon the validity of the sale in allowing this order. Third: The recital or statement that an order of confirmation had been served, purports to have rested on affidavit, and on the opinion of the affiant as to what constituted a legal order of confirmation and a proper service, and the recital [264]*264would therefore furnish no higher evidence that a confirmation was duly had, than would a. similar affidavit at the present time; and Fourth: That as an order of confirmation was a pre-requisite to the order allowing the writ of assistance, a bare recital of the existence and service of the former could not establish the validity of the latter, or supercede the necessity of independent proof of the precedent order.
If the entry under date of September 19, 1853, is relied on as the order of confirmation mentioned by the deponent Blodget, in his affidavit, then, as that entry was made during vacation, without the actual cognizance of the court, but at the sole instance of the party, and at his peril, it could not have the effect of a real adjudication upon the validity of the antecedent proceedings, so as to make good all of such proceedings, and cure all the omissions, errors, and imperfections which had before occurred. We have no evidence that this entry was in the contemplation of the court, when the order allowing the writ of assistance was made, and to give to an entry, like this, made by the party in vacation, the extensive effect claimed for it, would, it is believed, be unsupported by precedent, and attended by. very dangerous consequences.
These considerations require us to hold that the claim of Morton that the equity of redemption in the Dunn mortgage was barred, and that Edmonds, his grantor, acquired a complete legal title, by means of the foreclosure suit commenced in the old court, is not supported' by the evidence.
There is still no question, however, but that by means of the circumstances stated in the pleadings, Newton Edmunds became invested with the ownership of the Dunn mortgage, and that by the conveyances to Morton, the latter succeeded to all the rights of Edmunds. But we are of opinion that the deed from Bishop to Edmunds, and the deeds to Morton from Lockwood and Edmunds, [265]*265were wholly ineffectual as conveyances of the land, and were only operative in working an equitable transfer of the mortgages,
According to this view, the complainants, as subsequent mortgagees, are^’entitled to redeem the Dunn mortgage, and to demand its discharge. The complainants are also entitled to have an account taken, in the usual way, of the amount due and unpaid on that mortgage, and of the rents and profits of the mortgaged premises, chargeable in the usual course against Edmunds and Morton respectively, and to have any balance found against the latter persons on such accounting, applied on the mortgage, so far as necessary to satisfy it.
"We are also of opinion that upon such accounting the defendant, Morton, should be credited as of December 29, 1849, with the sum of $53 for the costs taxed for proceedings up to the decree in the suit commenced in the old court, and that there should be applied on the mortgage as of the 26th of December, 1849, the sum of $100 paid by Bawson, in the said suit, to the solicitor for Edmunds. And we are further of opinion that if the accounting should establish a balance of rents and profits sufficient to satisfy the mortgage, or if the complainants should pay any amount remaining, and sufficient to satisfy it, that then the defendant, Morton, should be required to discharge the mortgage within some proper time, at the expense of the complainants; and, on the other hand, if upon the confirmation of the report, a balance should still remain unpaid upon the mortgage, and the complainants should fail to pay the same within some reasonable time to be fixed for that purpose, that then the bill should be dismissed as against the defendant, Morton, with costs.
The decree of the court below dismissing the bill as against the defendant, Morton, must be reversed, with costs, and the case must be remanded to such court, to [266]*266be proceeded, in, conformably to tbe principles which have been stated.
The other Justices concurred.