NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-3983-18T2
RICHARD BRYANT,
Appellant,
v.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS,
Respondent. ____________________________
Submitted September 21, 2020 – Decided November 30, 2020
Before Judges Hoffman and Smith.
On appeal from the New Jersey Department of Corrections.
Richard Bryant, appellant pro se.
Gurbir S. Grewal, Attorney General, attorney for respondent (Jane C. Schuster, Assistant Attorney General, of counsel; Beonica A. McClanahan, Deputy Attorney General, on the brief).
PER CURIAM Richard Bryant (appellant), an inmate at South Woods State Prison,
appeals an April 1, 2019 New Jersey Department of Corrections (DOC) decision
finding him guilty of prohibited act *.004, fighting with another person,
N.J.A.C. 10A:4-4.1(a), and imposing sanctions. We affirm for the reasons set
forth below.
I.
On March 23, 2019, appellant was charged with fighting. The DOC
investigated the next day. Appellant’s request for substitute counsel was
granted, and the DOC adjourned the hearing once to permit appellant to obtain
and view video footage from a security camera. At the March 29 hearing, the
DHO reviewed written reports from the corrections officers and a DOC medical
report, as well as statements from the appellant and three inmates. After the
hearing, the disciplinary hearing officer (DHO) found appellant guilty of
fighting. The DHO recommended sanctions of ninety days administrative
segregation, sixty days loss of commutation time, and fifteen days loss of
recreational privileges. The DOC issued a final decision imposing the
recommended sanctions on April 1, 2019.
A-3983-18T2 2 II.
Corrections Officers Brown and Homan heard a commotion coming from
the left side of B-wing. When they entered the wing, the two officers witnessed
appellant and another inmate, Metts, exchanging closed-fist punches. The
officers called code 33 on their radios and ordered the inmates to stop fighting.
After the two men ceased fighting, the officers handcuffed them and escorted
them from B-wing. A medical exam immediately afterwards revealed no
injuries to either inmate.
At the hearing, the three inmates, Feneque, Armentrout, and Williams,
each offered written statements. indicating they saw no punches thrown or
exchanged by appellant and Metts. Appellant indicated in his statement he only
argued with Metts - there was no fight. According to the record before us, a
prison security camera recorded the subject events from E-wing, as the B-wing
camera apparently was inoperable. The DHO found the video footage "unclear,"
but that it showed "some sort of incident occurring and others watching." The
DHO offered appellant the opportunity to confront and cross-examine his
accusers, Officers Brown and Homan, but appellant declined.
The DHO found appellant guilty of fighting Metts and recommended
sanctions. The DOC issued a final decision adopting the recommendations of
A-3983-18T2 3 the DHO. This appeal followed, with the appellant raising the following
arguments:
POINT I APPELLANT SHOULD NOT HAVE BEEN FOUND GUILTY
POINT II THE HEARING OFFICER RELIED ON CUSTODY STAFF'S WORD OVER INMATES' AND OTHERS
III.
Our role in reviewing the decision of an administrative agency is limited.
In re Taylor, 158 N.J. 644, 656 (1999); Figueroa v. N.J. Dep't of Corr., 414 N.J.
Super. 186, 190 (App. Div. 2010). We will not upset the determination of an
administrative agency absent a showing that it was arbitrary, capricious, or
unreasonable; that it lacked fair support in the evidence; or that it violated
legislative policies. Henry v. Rahway State Prison, 81 N.J. 571, 579-80 (1980)
(citing Campbell v. Dep't of Civil Serv., 39 N.J. 556, 562 (1963)).
We have also noted that the Legislature has provided the DOC with broad
discretion in all matters regarding the administration of a prison facility,
including disciplinary infractions by prisoners. Russo v. N.J. Dep't of Corr., 324
N.J. Super. 576, 583 (App. Div. 1999). Therefore, we may not vacate an
agency's determination because of doubts as to its wisdom or because the record
A-3983-18T2 4 may support more than one result. De Vitis v. N.J. Racing Comm'n, 202 N.J.
Super. 484, 489-90 (App. Div. 1985).
However, "although the determination of an administrative agency is
entitled to deference, our appellate obligation requires more than a perfunctory
review." Figueroa, 414 N.J. Super. at 191 (quoting Blackwell v. Dep't of Corr.,
348 N.J. Super. 117, 123 (App. Div. 2002)). We are not "relegated to a mere
rubber-stamp of agency action," but rather we must "engage in careful and
principled consideration of the agency record and findings." Williams v. Dep't
of Corr., 330 N.J. Super. 197, 204 (App. Div. 2000) (citations omitted).
A prison disciplinary proceeding "is not part of a criminal prosecution and
thus the full panoply of rights due a defendant in such a proceeding does not
apply." Avant v. Clifford, 67 N.J. 496, 522 (1975) (quoting Morrissey v.
Brewer, 408 U.S. 471, 480 (1972)). In Avant, our Supreme Court prescribed
limited due process protections due prisoners prior to their subjection to
discipline. Id. at 519 n.21. These protections include written notice of the
charges and timely adjudication; a hearing before an impartial tribunal;
representation, if requested, by counsel-substitute; a limited ability to call
witnesses and confront adverse witnesses; and a limited ability to present
documentary evidence. Id. at 525-30.
A-3983-18T2 5 Post-hearing,
a written statement of the fact-findings is given to the inmate by the hearing officer as to the evidence relied upon, decision and the reason for the disciplinary action taken unless doing so would jeopardize institutional security. The written statement also indicates the reason for refusing to call a witness or to disclose items of evidence whether it be for irrelevance, lack of necessity or the hazards presented in individual cases.
[Id. at 533 (citation omitted).]
See also N.J.A.C. 10A:4-9.24(a). These limited procedural rights, initially set
forth in Avant, are codified in a comprehensive set of DOC regulations, N.J.A.C.
10A:4-9.1 to 9.28. DOC's regulations also require any "finding of guilt at a
disciplinary hearing be based upon substantial evidence that the inmate has
committed a prohibited act." N.J.A.C. 10A:4-9.15(a). "Substantial evidence
means such evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support
a conclusion." Figueroa, 414 N.J. Super. at 192 (quoting In re Pub. Serv. Elec.
& Gas Co., 35 N.J. 358, 376 (1961)). When an error in fact finding by an
administrative agency is alleged, the scope of our review is limited. In re Taylor,
158 N.J. 644, 656-57 (1999). We are to decide only whether the findings could
reasonably have been reached on sufficient credible evidence present in the
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-3983-18T2
RICHARD BRYANT,
Appellant,
v.
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS,
Respondent. ____________________________
Submitted September 21, 2020 – Decided November 30, 2020
Before Judges Hoffman and Smith.
On appeal from the New Jersey Department of Corrections.
Richard Bryant, appellant pro se.
Gurbir S. Grewal, Attorney General, attorney for respondent (Jane C. Schuster, Assistant Attorney General, of counsel; Beonica A. McClanahan, Deputy Attorney General, on the brief).
PER CURIAM Richard Bryant (appellant), an inmate at South Woods State Prison,
appeals an April 1, 2019 New Jersey Department of Corrections (DOC) decision
finding him guilty of prohibited act *.004, fighting with another person,
N.J.A.C. 10A:4-4.1(a), and imposing sanctions. We affirm for the reasons set
forth below.
I.
On March 23, 2019, appellant was charged with fighting. The DOC
investigated the next day. Appellant’s request for substitute counsel was
granted, and the DOC adjourned the hearing once to permit appellant to obtain
and view video footage from a security camera. At the March 29 hearing, the
DHO reviewed written reports from the corrections officers and a DOC medical
report, as well as statements from the appellant and three inmates. After the
hearing, the disciplinary hearing officer (DHO) found appellant guilty of
fighting. The DHO recommended sanctions of ninety days administrative
segregation, sixty days loss of commutation time, and fifteen days loss of
recreational privileges. The DOC issued a final decision imposing the
recommended sanctions on April 1, 2019.
A-3983-18T2 2 II.
Corrections Officers Brown and Homan heard a commotion coming from
the left side of B-wing. When they entered the wing, the two officers witnessed
appellant and another inmate, Metts, exchanging closed-fist punches. The
officers called code 33 on their radios and ordered the inmates to stop fighting.
After the two men ceased fighting, the officers handcuffed them and escorted
them from B-wing. A medical exam immediately afterwards revealed no
injuries to either inmate.
At the hearing, the three inmates, Feneque, Armentrout, and Williams,
each offered written statements. indicating they saw no punches thrown or
exchanged by appellant and Metts. Appellant indicated in his statement he only
argued with Metts - there was no fight. According to the record before us, a
prison security camera recorded the subject events from E-wing, as the B-wing
camera apparently was inoperable. The DHO found the video footage "unclear,"
but that it showed "some sort of incident occurring and others watching." The
DHO offered appellant the opportunity to confront and cross-examine his
accusers, Officers Brown and Homan, but appellant declined.
The DHO found appellant guilty of fighting Metts and recommended
sanctions. The DOC issued a final decision adopting the recommendations of
A-3983-18T2 3 the DHO. This appeal followed, with the appellant raising the following
arguments:
POINT I APPELLANT SHOULD NOT HAVE BEEN FOUND GUILTY
POINT II THE HEARING OFFICER RELIED ON CUSTODY STAFF'S WORD OVER INMATES' AND OTHERS
III.
Our role in reviewing the decision of an administrative agency is limited.
In re Taylor, 158 N.J. 644, 656 (1999); Figueroa v. N.J. Dep't of Corr., 414 N.J.
Super. 186, 190 (App. Div. 2010). We will not upset the determination of an
administrative agency absent a showing that it was arbitrary, capricious, or
unreasonable; that it lacked fair support in the evidence; or that it violated
legislative policies. Henry v. Rahway State Prison, 81 N.J. 571, 579-80 (1980)
(citing Campbell v. Dep't of Civil Serv., 39 N.J. 556, 562 (1963)).
We have also noted that the Legislature has provided the DOC with broad
discretion in all matters regarding the administration of a prison facility,
including disciplinary infractions by prisoners. Russo v. N.J. Dep't of Corr., 324
N.J. Super. 576, 583 (App. Div. 1999). Therefore, we may not vacate an
agency's determination because of doubts as to its wisdom or because the record
A-3983-18T2 4 may support more than one result. De Vitis v. N.J. Racing Comm'n, 202 N.J.
Super. 484, 489-90 (App. Div. 1985).
However, "although the determination of an administrative agency is
entitled to deference, our appellate obligation requires more than a perfunctory
review." Figueroa, 414 N.J. Super. at 191 (quoting Blackwell v. Dep't of Corr.,
348 N.J. Super. 117, 123 (App. Div. 2002)). We are not "relegated to a mere
rubber-stamp of agency action," but rather we must "engage in careful and
principled consideration of the agency record and findings." Williams v. Dep't
of Corr., 330 N.J. Super. 197, 204 (App. Div. 2000) (citations omitted).
A prison disciplinary proceeding "is not part of a criminal prosecution and
thus the full panoply of rights due a defendant in such a proceeding does not
apply." Avant v. Clifford, 67 N.J. 496, 522 (1975) (quoting Morrissey v.
Brewer, 408 U.S. 471, 480 (1972)). In Avant, our Supreme Court prescribed
limited due process protections due prisoners prior to their subjection to
discipline. Id. at 519 n.21. These protections include written notice of the
charges and timely adjudication; a hearing before an impartial tribunal;
representation, if requested, by counsel-substitute; a limited ability to call
witnesses and confront adverse witnesses; and a limited ability to present
documentary evidence. Id. at 525-30.
A-3983-18T2 5 Post-hearing,
a written statement of the fact-findings is given to the inmate by the hearing officer as to the evidence relied upon, decision and the reason for the disciplinary action taken unless doing so would jeopardize institutional security. The written statement also indicates the reason for refusing to call a witness or to disclose items of evidence whether it be for irrelevance, lack of necessity or the hazards presented in individual cases.
[Id. at 533 (citation omitted).]
See also N.J.A.C. 10A:4-9.24(a). These limited procedural rights, initially set
forth in Avant, are codified in a comprehensive set of DOC regulations, N.J.A.C.
10A:4-9.1 to 9.28. DOC's regulations also require any "finding of guilt at a
disciplinary hearing be based upon substantial evidence that the inmate has
committed a prohibited act." N.J.A.C. 10A:4-9.15(a). "Substantial evidence
means such evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support
a conclusion." Figueroa, 414 N.J. Super. at 192 (quoting In re Pub. Serv. Elec.
& Gas Co., 35 N.J. 358, 376 (1961)). When an error in fact finding by an
administrative agency is alleged, the scope of our review is limited. In re Taylor,
158 N.J. 644, 656-57 (1999). We are to decide only whether the findings could
reasonably have been reached on sufficient credible evidence present in the
record giving due regard to the ability of the fact finder to judge credibility and
where agency expertise is a factor to its expertise. Id. at 657.
A-3983-18T2 6 IV.
We are satisfied that appellant received all due process protections
required under New Jersey law. The DHO reviewed statements and reports from
seven witnesses, including appellant. The DHO explicitly relied upon
statements contained in the uncontroverted written reports of the two corrections
officers who observed the fight. The DHO also noted that the video displayed
"some sort of incident occurring and others watching." We are also satisfied the
DHO, having the benefit of a complete record, including the officers’ reports,
witness statements, and the security video, had more than sufficient credible
evidence to support the guilty finding.
Appellant argues the DHO erred in relying on the corrections officers over
the other witnesses. We decide only whether the findings could reasonably have
been reached on sufficient credible evidence present in the record giving due
regard to the ability of the fact finder to judge credibility. Taylor, 158 N.J. at
657. Implicit in the DHO's decision is the finding that she evaluated the
competing statements of appellant and the inmates and found their statements
less credible and outweighed by the correction officers' statements. The DHO
noted in her written adjudication of disciplinary charge that appellant was
offered an opportunity to cross-examine the adverse witnesses and place their
A-3983-18T2 7 version of events in issue. He declined. We find no error in the credibility
determinations of the DHO.
Appellant next argues that the security video did not show a fight. He
suggests Officers Brown and Homan could not have witnessed a fight that day
because none could be seen on the security video. We disagree. Brown and
Homan reported that they heard a commotion, then went into B-wing. When
they arrived there, they saw appellant fighting Metts. The DHO found the E-
wing security video footage "unclear". However, she was able to see on the
video other people watching whatever incident was taking place. The DHO's
video findings were not inconsistent with the officers' reports. The agency is
best positioned to understand the respective B-wing and E-wing prison layout
and security camera placement. We defer to agency expertise on the record
before us. Ibid.
Finally, appellant argues the DHO should have assigned more weight to a
medical report showing appellant and Metts sustained no injuries attributable to
the fight. He argues this report, along with the inmate witnesses' statements and
the video, taken together, "should have counterbalanced" the written reports of
the corrections officers. We may not vacate an agency's determination because
of doubts as to its wisdom or because the record may support more than one
A-3983-18T2 8 result. De Vitis, 202 N.J. Super. at 489-90. We find the DHO had sufficient
credible evidence in the record before her to find appellant guilty of fighting.
Taylor, 158 N.J. at 657. Any arguments not specifically addressed lack
sufficient merit to warrant discussion in a written opinion. R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E).
Affirmed.
A-3983-18T2 9