RlTZ, PRESIDENT:
In the year 1908, the parties to this suit launched their bark upon the matrimonial sea, .and after a more or less tempestuous voyage the craft was wrecked in the month of December, 1916, plaintiff contends because of the defendant’s cruel and inhuman treatment of her, and as alleged by the defendant, because of the plaintiff’s willful desertion and abandonment of him. Both of the parties had had the misfortune to be bereft of their respective former spouses, and the plaintiff was left with one daughter about sixteen or seventeen years of age, while the defendant, as a result of his former marriage, was the father of nine children, eight of whom were living at home at the time of the second marriage, and some of whom were of comparatively tender years. After the marital relations of the parties were permanently broken off in the month of December, 1916, the plaintiff lived part of the time with her daughter, who was then married, and supported herself as well as she could by the earnings of her labor. It appears .that her health was not good, and at times she has been compelled to subsist upon the charity of her neighbors and friends, while the defendant is the owner of a farm with considerable live stock and farming equipment thereon, from which he derives a comfortable living for himself and his remaining family.
The plaintiff in September, 1918, instituted this suit praying [56]*56for a divorce from bed and board from the defendant, and for alimony. The ground of her complaint is cruel and inhuman treatment. The court below referred the cause to a commissioner to take the evidence and report upon other questions submitted to him. Upon consideration- of the evidence submitted by the commissioner the court below declined to grant any relief, and dismissed the plaintiff’s bill, and this appeal is prosecuted to reverse that decree.
The plaintiff testifies in her own behalf that almost from the time she and the defendant were married until the time she finally left him his conduct toward her was inhuman and brutal. She testifies that on many occasions he beat her, whipped her, and excluded her from the house in the wintertime, and compelled her to spend the nights out in the cold; that on at least one occasion, when he was under the influence of liquor, he attempted to procure one of his grown children to whip the plaintiff, and upon the refusal of this child to do so, he did it himself. Many of the acts of cruelty and inhumanity testified to by the plaintiff are likewise testified to by her daughter. It further appears from the evidence introduced on behalf of the plaintiff that the defendant was addicted to the immoderate use of alcoholic drinks, if indeed it can be said that there is any such thing as a moderate use of such liquors, and that during Hie times he was so under the influence of liquor he was very violent. It appears that during their marital life on as many as a half dozen occasions the plaintiff left the defendant’s home and lived away from him during intervals of varying length, as she contends, in order to escape his violent attacks and to prevent him from further abusing and beating her. The defendant in his own behalf testifies that he never treated the plaintiff harshly or abusively, and if his testimony is to be believed there was nothing in his conduct that should have caused a breach -of the ordinary calm of their matrimonial life. Some of his children testify likewise that their father never abused their stepmother. According to the testimony of the plaintiff a few days before she finally left the defendant’s home in the month of December, 1916, he, in addition to brutal attacks upon her, made an indecent assault upon her daughter, who was then visiting at their home; that she then, as soon as she could get her [57]*57clothing together and make her arrangements, left the defendant’s home and went to the home of her brother in Raleigh county, and since said time she has never spoken to or had any direct communication with him. This charge is also denied by the defendant, and he contends that when she left on this occasion she told him she was going on a visit to her brother in Raleigh county; that their relations at the time .were entirely amicable; that he furnished her the money to make the trip, and that when she returned and went to live at another relative’s he sent one of his sons to her to request her to come home, which she refused to do. In this he is coroborated by several of his children. The oral evidence as to the conduct of the defendant towards the plaintiff in the particulars complained of is' highly conflicting. It is necessarily in large part confined to the testimony of themselves, because of the intimate perspnal relations existing between man and wife, and were it not t for some things appearing in this case independent of the testimony of either of the parties we would hesitate to disturb the findings of the lower court upon this conflicting state of the evidence.
To these things we will now advert. It appears that in the summer of 1915, after the plaintiff had left the defendant, as she claims because of excessive abuse and extreme cruelty toward her, she at his instance agreed to return upon his executing a writing promising that in the future his former conduct would not be repeated. By this writing he binds himself not to again break the peace toward the plaintiff, and while it is true that the plaintiff likewise signed this writing^ the only thing that she agreed to do by it was not to reproach him with his past conduct. This writing is a clear admission upon his part that he had been 'guilty prior thereto of breaches of the peace toward the plaintiff, and is a solemn admission by him of the falsity of the evidence he has given upon this hearing.
Another item of evidence of very great weight is the fact that sometime prior to the execution of this writing, acting upon the advice of some of her relatives and friends, the plaintiff caused a warrant to be issued for the defendant' charging him with assault and battery committed upon her; that upon this warrant he was taken before a justice of the peace, and, upon á trial, was [58]*58found guilty and fined for the offense. The justice of the peace who conducted this trial was introduced as a witness, and he testified that at the time of the trial there was still evidence upon the plaintiff’s person of acts of violence committed upon her.
It further appears that the defendant is a man in moderate circumstances, and has a farm from which he derives a comfortable living for himself and his family; that the plaintiff ha^ nothing, and is compelled to make her living by working in the kitchens of other people^ or doing such other domestic labor as she is able to obtain, and as the condition of her health will allow. Tinder these conditions,r, is it at all probable that the plaintiff would have left the defendant if, as he contends, there wa^ nothing out of the ordinary in their marital life? It is significant that the plaintiff on at least a half dozen occasions prior to December, 1916, left his home, as he claims without any reason or exeeuse, and that overtures were always made by him to have her return. It seems at no time did she ever forgive the offense with which she claims he was guilty until after he had repeatedly importuned her and made promises of reformation. He introduced some evidence tending to show that the plaintiff was unable or unwilling to get along with his children, but there is no substantial showing that the plaintiff had any more trouble with the defendant’s children than is ordinarily incident to the rearing of a family of this size.
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RlTZ, PRESIDENT:
In the year 1908, the parties to this suit launched their bark upon the matrimonial sea, .and after a more or less tempestuous voyage the craft was wrecked in the month of December, 1916, plaintiff contends because of the defendant’s cruel and inhuman treatment of her, and as alleged by the defendant, because of the plaintiff’s willful desertion and abandonment of him. Both of the parties had had the misfortune to be bereft of their respective former spouses, and the plaintiff was left with one daughter about sixteen or seventeen years of age, while the defendant, as a result of his former marriage, was the father of nine children, eight of whom were living at home at the time of the second marriage, and some of whom were of comparatively tender years. After the marital relations of the parties were permanently broken off in the month of December, 1916, the plaintiff lived part of the time with her daughter, who was then married, and supported herself as well as she could by the earnings of her labor. It appears .that her health was not good, and at times she has been compelled to subsist upon the charity of her neighbors and friends, while the defendant is the owner of a farm with considerable live stock and farming equipment thereon, from which he derives a comfortable living for himself and his remaining family.
The plaintiff in September, 1918, instituted this suit praying [56]*56for a divorce from bed and board from the defendant, and for alimony. The ground of her complaint is cruel and inhuman treatment. The court below referred the cause to a commissioner to take the evidence and report upon other questions submitted to him. Upon consideration- of the evidence submitted by the commissioner the court below declined to grant any relief, and dismissed the plaintiff’s bill, and this appeal is prosecuted to reverse that decree.
The plaintiff testifies in her own behalf that almost from the time she and the defendant were married until the time she finally left him his conduct toward her was inhuman and brutal. She testifies that on many occasions he beat her, whipped her, and excluded her from the house in the wintertime, and compelled her to spend the nights out in the cold; that on at least one occasion, when he was under the influence of liquor, he attempted to procure one of his grown children to whip the plaintiff, and upon the refusal of this child to do so, he did it himself. Many of the acts of cruelty and inhumanity testified to by the plaintiff are likewise testified to by her daughter. It further appears from the evidence introduced on behalf of the plaintiff that the defendant was addicted to the immoderate use of alcoholic drinks, if indeed it can be said that there is any such thing as a moderate use of such liquors, and that during Hie times he was so under the influence of liquor he was very violent. It appears that during their marital life on as many as a half dozen occasions the plaintiff left the defendant’s home and lived away from him during intervals of varying length, as she contends, in order to escape his violent attacks and to prevent him from further abusing and beating her. The defendant in his own behalf testifies that he never treated the plaintiff harshly or abusively, and if his testimony is to be believed there was nothing in his conduct that should have caused a breach -of the ordinary calm of their matrimonial life. Some of his children testify likewise that their father never abused their stepmother. According to the testimony of the plaintiff a few days before she finally left the defendant’s home in the month of December, 1916, he, in addition to brutal attacks upon her, made an indecent assault upon her daughter, who was then visiting at their home; that she then, as soon as she could get her [57]*57clothing together and make her arrangements, left the defendant’s home and went to the home of her brother in Raleigh county, and since said time she has never spoken to or had any direct communication with him. This charge is also denied by the defendant, and he contends that when she left on this occasion she told him she was going on a visit to her brother in Raleigh county; that their relations at the time .were entirely amicable; that he furnished her the money to make the trip, and that when she returned and went to live at another relative’s he sent one of his sons to her to request her to come home, which she refused to do. In this he is coroborated by several of his children. The oral evidence as to the conduct of the defendant towards the plaintiff in the particulars complained of is' highly conflicting. It is necessarily in large part confined to the testimony of themselves, because of the intimate perspnal relations existing between man and wife, and were it not t for some things appearing in this case independent of the testimony of either of the parties we would hesitate to disturb the findings of the lower court upon this conflicting state of the evidence.
To these things we will now advert. It appears that in the summer of 1915, after the plaintiff had left the defendant, as she claims because of excessive abuse and extreme cruelty toward her, she at his instance agreed to return upon his executing a writing promising that in the future his former conduct would not be repeated. By this writing he binds himself not to again break the peace toward the plaintiff, and while it is true that the plaintiff likewise signed this writing^ the only thing that she agreed to do by it was not to reproach him with his past conduct. This writing is a clear admission upon his part that he had been 'guilty prior thereto of breaches of the peace toward the plaintiff, and is a solemn admission by him of the falsity of the evidence he has given upon this hearing.
Another item of evidence of very great weight is the fact that sometime prior to the execution of this writing, acting upon the advice of some of her relatives and friends, the plaintiff caused a warrant to be issued for the defendant' charging him with assault and battery committed upon her; that upon this warrant he was taken before a justice of the peace, and, upon á trial, was [58]*58found guilty and fined for the offense. The justice of the peace who conducted this trial was introduced as a witness, and he testified that at the time of the trial there was still evidence upon the plaintiff’s person of acts of violence committed upon her.
It further appears that the defendant is a man in moderate circumstances, and has a farm from which he derives a comfortable living for himself and his family; that the plaintiff ha^ nothing, and is compelled to make her living by working in the kitchens of other people^ or doing such other domestic labor as she is able to obtain, and as the condition of her health will allow. Tinder these conditions,r, is it at all probable that the plaintiff would have left the defendant if, as he contends, there wa^ nothing out of the ordinary in their marital life? It is significant that the plaintiff on at least a half dozen occasions prior to December, 1916, left his home, as he claims without any reason or exeeuse, and that overtures were always made by him to have her return. It seems at no time did she ever forgive the offense with which she claims he was guilty until after he had repeatedly importuned her and made promises of reformation. He introduced some evidence tending to show that the plaintiff was unable or unwilling to get along with his children, but there is no substantial showing that the plaintiff had any more trouble with the defendant’s children than is ordinarily incident to the rearing of a family of this size.
The defendant contends that while it is true that the paper writing is an admission upon his part of cruel treatment toward the plaintiff, she condoned all of his past acts at that time, and cannot now complain of them, and that this i^ likewise true of the acts of violence which resulted in his conviction of assault and battery upon her, as above referred to. The condonation by the terms of the writing was conditioned, however, upon his future good conduct, and of course if his contention is true that his conduct has jince been reasonably free from adverse criticism, then no cause of action would exist here, but the fact that he now denies that he ever was in any wise cruel or brutal in his treatment of the plaintiff, contradicted as it is by a writing over his own signature, convinces us that hi^ testimony as [59]*59to Ms subsequent conduct is entitled to little weight. There is no doubt, nor is it questioned, that if the defendant has been guilty of the assaults upon the plaintiff, and of the conduct toward her of which she complains, and as to which she testifies, she is entitled to the relief for which she prays. Such acts clearly bring the case within the rule laid down by this Court justifying divorce upon the ground of cruel and inhuman treatment. Goff v. Goff, 60 W. Va. 9; Maxwell v. Maxwell, 69 W. Va. 414.
The only question is whether or not the evidence proves that the defendant was guilty of the conduct charged against him. It is true the court below has found in hisv favor, and while great weight will be given to the conclusions and findings of the chancellor in a case like this, still when we find that there is a fair preponderance of the evidence in favor of the cause of action alleged, we will not refuse to give relief. In this case we are of opinion that the circumstances which we have above pointed out are of such controlling force, and so fully corrobrate the oral testimony of the plaintiff, that they compel us to hold that the defendant’s denials, inconsistent therewith, are not effective to bar the relief prayed for. While it may be true that the acts of cruelty and inhumanity of which the defendant was guilty prior to the execution of the writing of June, 1915, and which were condoned conditionally by that writing, of themselves would not be cause for divorce, but as we said in Dusenberry v. Dusenberry, 82 W. Va. 135, the condonation was only conditional, the condition being that the defendant’s conduct would be good in the future, and upon his failure to comply with this condition the plaintiff’s condonation can no longer be relied upon by him as excusing these acts. Then, too, even though his former conduct had been unequivocally condoned, still it would be admissible in evidence as characterizing his later conduct, of which complaint could be properly made, and would be an instructive aid to the court in interpreting subsequent acts which the conflicting testimony might render equivocal.
The defendant insists that his efforts at reconciliation, both before and since the institution of this suit, have an important bearing. The plaintiff had repeatedly yielded to such offers [60]*60in the past, but notwithstanding defendant’s promises of reformation there seems to have been little difference in his manner of treating his wife. He evidently believed that because he was 'the head of the household,
“Therefore God’s universal law Gave the man despotic power Over his female in due awe, Hot from that right to part an hour, Smile she or lour.”
Even if we concede that his attempts at reconciliation were in entire good faith, she was under no obligation to condone his transgressions. She had repeatedly done so in the past, and it would spem that the point had 'been reached where forgiveness ceases to be a virtue. If his conduct gave her ground for divorce she could stand upon it and reject any proposals coming from him, the acceptance, of which, as indicated by past experience, would only result in her further humiliation and ill treatment.
Our conclusion is that the plaintiff has shown herself entitled to relief, and we will reverse the decree of the circuit court, and enter a decree of divorce from bed and board.
But how about the prayer for alimony ? The circuit court has not yet considered this question. Ordinarily the question of what alimony is to be allowed is one resting in the sound discretion of the trial court, which will not be reviéwed unless it appear that injustice has been done to one or other of the parties. That the plaintiff is entitled to alimony there can be no doubt. Kittle v. Kittle, 86 W. Va. 46. 102 S. E. 799. Ordinarily, however this court will not pass upon a question upon appeal which has not been passed upon by the court below, but will remand the cause for the purpose of having such question determined with the. right, of course, to either of the parties to review by appellate process such determination, should they conceive themselves to be aggrieved thereby. Nuzum v. Nuzum, 77 W. Va. 202.
For the purpose of .entering a decree for alimony which will ■ [61]*61do justice between the parties we will remand the cause to the circuit court.
Reversed, decree for plaintiff, and remanded.