Reynosa v. Segall

780 S.W.2d 884, 1989 Tex. App. LEXIS 2764, 1989 WL 133778
CourtCourt of Appeals of Texas
DecidedNovember 7, 1989
DocketNo. 08-89-00329-CR
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 780 S.W.2d 884 (Reynosa v. Segall) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Reynosa v. Segall, 780 S.W.2d 884, 1989 Tex. App. LEXIS 2764, 1989 WL 133778 (Tex. Ct. App. 1989).

Opinion

OPINION

KOEHLER, Justice.

Relators are pre-indictment detainees in the El Paso County Detention Facility, seeking speedy effectuation of their rights to examining trials under Tex.Code Crim. Pro.Ann. art. 16.01 (Vernon Supp.1989). Respondent is the El Paso Criminal Magistrate functioning under authority of the El Paso Criminal Law Magistrates Act, Tex. Gov’t.Code Ann. sec. 54.731 et seq. (formerly Tex.Rev.Civ.Stat.Ann. art. 1918g). Act of March 1, 1989, ch. 2, sec. 8.32, 1989 Tex.Sess.Law Serv. 153 (Vernon). Relators brought application for writ of mandamus and prohibition, seeking relief by requiring Respondent to vacate orders transferring criminal cases from municipal courts to the El Paso Criminal Law Magistrate’s Court which had the effect of delaying or denying Relators the right to an early examining trial and by barring such transfer orders in the future. The application for such relief is conditionally granted.

Some of the thirty-two original causes against Relators originated with criminal complaints filed in the Magistrate’s Court. Others commenced in either the El Paso municipal courts or the El Paso County justice of the peace courts. Prior to the complained of transfers, the El Paso Public Defender’s Office, appointed by the Magistrate’s Court to represent Relators, sought examining trials in that Court but due to the condition of its docket, the examining trials could not, in most cases, be provided in less than one month. Consequently, counsel for Relators filed motions for examining trials in the El Paso municipal courts. Apparently, the dockets of those courts were sufficiently clear to afford examining trials within ten days of request. Respondent countered by entering several orders transferring the unindicted cases to the Magistrate’s Court. Of the causes against the original Relators, some have now been indicted, declined for prosecution, no-billed by the grand jury or dismissed for want of probable cause. However, a number of the municipal court transfer cases remain open.

The present conflict must be assessed in light of Ex parte Clear, 573 S.W.2d 224 (Tex.Crim.App.1978), an original habeas corpus action before the Court of Criminal Appeals. There, the relator was arrested under a warrant and felony complaint filed in a justice of the peace court. Shortly after arrest, a probable cause hearing was conducted by another justice of the peace, presiding for the original justice. Probable cause was found and bail was set at $1,000.00. The relator executed the bond and was released from custody. A program of “48-hour hearings” had been created in Harris County by order of the administrative judge. Under such order, all unindicted felony cases filed in Harris County were to be preassigned to a district court for review and setting of bonds and appointment of counsel. The relator appeared before a district judge for his 48-hour hearing. The judge recessed the hearing and ordered the relator to reappear the following morning with retained counsel. When relator appeared without counsel, the judge interpreted this as too casual an attitude, revoked the bond and reset bail at $2,000.00.

The Court of Criminal Appeals concluded that all magistrates, to include district and county judges, justices of the peace and municipal judges (now including the El [886]*886Paso Criminal Law Magistrate), when functioning solely as magistrates, have co-equal jurisdiction within their county. Ex parte Clear, 573 S.W.2d at 228. This is regardless of the level of offense allegedly involved and the comparison of such level of offense to the trial jurisdiction of the court over which the magistrate presides. Prior to indictment, the justice court and the district court could only exercise magistrate functions with regard to relator’s case. Both had co-equal jurisdiction in that regard, but under Tex.Code Crim.Pro.Ann. art. 4.16, a priority of jurisdiction attached to the justice court in which the action first commenced. Ex parte Clear, 573 S.W.2d at 229.

In Garber v. State, 667 S.W.2d 611 (Tex.App.—El Paso 1984, no pet.), this Court interpreted Article 4.16 as creating a priority which could be waived, either expressly or by omission. When two “competing” courts have personal and subject matter jurisdiction over the same cause, or some element thereof, it is incumbent upon the party seeking to enforce the statutory priority to affirmatively resort to the court of priority and object to the exercise of secondary jurisdiction by the other court.

With the framework of this preexisting statutory and case law in mind, we now look at the new El Paso Criminal Law Magistrates Act to determine its effect. First, the Act invests the Respondent with the same authority as a magistrate embodied in Tex.Code Crim.Pro.Ann. art. 2.09 et seq. (Vernon 1977 and Supp.1989). Tex. Gov’tCode Ann. sec. 54.733(c). The Act provides for a broad range of options for transfer of cases, referral of cases and reassignment of judges, both before and after indictment. Nonetheless, before indictment, the only capacity in which any judge may exercise authority over unindiet-ed alleged offenders is as a magistrate. This is true whether the case originates in the Respondent’s court, whether it is transferred to his court by his own order or that of the administrative judge or whether the Respondent is reassigned to preside over the cause in the municipal court. Thus, any priority or exclusivity of jurisdiction does not arise as a result of the particular hat the Respondent may be wearing at the time.

In this case, those causes originating in municipal court were transferred to the Respondent’s court by the orders noted above, originally bearing the denomination of the 205th Judicial District Court, improperly signed by the Respondent as judge without any designation of his status as presiding for the district judge of that coürt. When this defect was realized, nunc pro tunc transfer orders were later signed by the Respondent as judge of the Criminal Law Magistrate’s Court. Section 5A of the local rules, “adopted to implement the El Paso Criminal Law Magistrate Court [sic],” provides that “all newly filed” felony cases are to be assigned by the District Clerk to the 205th District Court and then, by blanket order, to the Magistrate Court “for arraignment, pre-trial conference, and guilty plea and sentence.” This provision is inapplicable to this case in two respects. First, a reading of Local Rules 5A and 5E strongly suggests that “newly filed” felony means post-indictment. This is derived from the designated purposes for transfer, all of which are post-indictment procedures, as well as the comparative language of subsections A and E. The former refers to all newly filed felony cases in which the defendant has not posted bond. The latter is captioned “Other indicted cases” and refers to felony defendants on bond. Second, cases are only filed in the district clerk’s office after indictment. Therefore, the provisions relating to Local Rule 5 transfers are not applicable to Relators’ cases since the latter are pre-indictment.

Local Rule 7A allows any judge that is a member of the Council of Judges to “assign a case to the Magistrate Court for any of the functions permitted by law.” This rule is inapplicable for two reasons. First, absent a proper prior transfer to the 205th District Court, which cannot be accomplished under Local Rule 5 for reasons stated above, that court has no jurisdiction to transfer to the Magistrate Court.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
780 S.W.2d 884, 1989 Tex. App. LEXIS 2764, 1989 WL 133778, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/reynosa-v-segall-texapp-1989.