Retirement Board v. BNYM

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Second Circuit
DecidedDecember 23, 2014
Docket13-1776 (L)
StatusPublished

This text of Retirement Board v. BNYM (Retirement Board v. BNYM) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Retirement Board v. BNYM, (2d Cir. 2014).

Opinion

13‐1776 (L) Retirement Board v. BNYM

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

August Term 2013

(Argued: May 16, 2014 Decided: December 23, 2014)

Nos. 13‐1776‐cv, 13‐1777‐cv _____________________________________

RETIREMENT BOARD OF THE POLICEMEN’S ANNUITY AND BENEFIT FUND OF THE CITY OF CHICAGO, ON BEHALF OF ITSELF AND SIMILARLY SITUATED CERTIFICATE HOLDERS, WESTMORELAND COUNTY EMPLOYEE RETIREMENT SYSTEM, CITY OF GRAND RAPIDS GENERAL RETIREMENT SYSTEM, CITY OF GRAND RAPIDS POLICE AND FIRE RETIREMENT SYSTEM, Plaintiffs‐Appellants‐Cross‐Appellees,

‐v.‐

THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON, AS TRUSTEE UNDER VARIOUS POOLING AND SERVICING AGREEMENTS, Defendant‐Appellee‐Cross‐Appellant. _____________________________________

Before: JACOBS, CABRANES, and LIVINGSTON, Circuit Judges.

Plaintiffs appeal from an April 3, 2012 decision and order of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (William H. Pauley III, Judge), granting in part and denying in part the Bank of New York Mellon’s (“BNYM’s”) motion to dismiss. The district court held that Plaintiffs lacked standing to assert claims related to residential mortgage‐backed securities (“RMBS”) trusts in which they did not invest. Because Plaintiffs’ own claims do not raise the “same set of concerns,” NECA‐IBEW Health & Welfare Fund v. Goldman Sachs & Co., 693 F.3d 145, 162 (2d Cir. 2012), as claims arising from trusts in which Plaintiffs did not invest, we affirm the district court’s dismissal of these claims. BNYM cross‐appeals from the district court’s holding that the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (“TIA”), 15 U.S.C. §§ 77aaa‐77aaaa, applies to RMBS certificates governed by pooling and servicing agreements. We hold that these certificates are exempt from the TIA under § 304(a)(2) of the statute, which applies to “certificate[s] of interest or participation in two or more securities having substantially different rights and privileges.” 15 U.S.C. § 77ddd(a)(2). We therefore reverse the portion of the district court’s decision declining to dismiss Plaintiffs’ TIA claims related to these certificates, and remand the case for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.

WILLIAM C. FREDERICKS (Beth A. Kaswan, Max R. Schwartz, Deborah Clark Weintraub, on the brief), Scott+Scott LLP, New York, NY, for Plaintiffs‐ Appellants‐Cross‐Appellees.

CHARLES A. ROTHFELD (Christopher J. Houpt, Paul W. Hughes, Matthew D. Ingber, James F. Tierney, on the brief), Mayer Brown LLP, Washington, DC, for Defendant‐Appellee‐Cross‐Appellant.

Eric A. Schaffer, Paige Hennessey Forster, Colin E. Wrabley, Reed Smith LLP, Pittsburgh, PA, for Amici Curiae American Bankers Association and New York Bankers Association.

Martin L. Seidel, Nathan Bull, Blake Adam Gansborg, Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft LLP, New York, NY, for Amici Curiae Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association and The Clearing House Association L.L.C.

DEBRA ANN LIVINGSTON, Circuit Judge:

These interlocutory appeals require us to resolve two questions that have

recurred in recent cases involving residential mortgage‐backed securities (“RMBS”),

2 but that this Court has not yet had occasion to address. The first question is

whether, under our decision in NECA‐IBEW Health & Welfare Fund v. Goldman Sachs

& Co., 693 F.3d 145 (2d Cir. 2012), cert. denied, 133 S. Ct. 1624 (2013), a named plaintiff

in a putative class action has “class standing” to assert, on absent class members’

behalf, breach‐of‐duty claims against the trustee of an RMBS trust in which the

named plaintiff did not invest. The second question is whether the provisions of the

Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (“TIA”), 15 U.S.C. §§ 77aaa‐77aaaa, impose obligations

on the trustees of RMBS trusts governed by pooling and servicing agreements

(“PSAs”). We answer both questions in the negative, and we therefore affirm in part

and reverse in part the decision of the district court.

BACKGROUND

A.

Since the collapse of financial markets in the latter part of the last decade, the

RMBS trust has become a familiar subject of litigation in this circuit. See, e.g., City

of Pontiac Policemen’s & Firemen’s Ret. Sys. v. UBS AG, 752 F.3d 173 (2d Cir. 2014); Am.

Int’l Grp., Inc. v. Bank of Am. Corp., 712 F.3d 775 (2d Cir. 2013). We have described

in the past how an RMBS trust operates:

To raise funds for new mortgages, a mortgage lender sells pools of mortgages into trusts created to receive the stream of interest and

3 principal payments from the mortgage borrowers. The right to receive trust income is parceled into certificates and sold to investors, called certificateholders. The trustee hires a mortgage servicer to administer the mortgages by enforcing the mortgage terms and administering the payments. The terms of the securitization trusts as well as the rights, duties, and obligations of the trustee, seller, and servicer are set forth in [governing agreements, frequently styled as PSAs].

BlackRock Fin. Mgmt. Inc. v. Segregated Account of Ambac Assurance Corp., 673 F.3d 169,

173 (2d Cir. 2012).

At issue in this case are 530 RMBS trusts created between 2004 and 2008 for

which defendant The Bank of New York Mellon (“BNYM”) acts as trustee. The

majority of these trusts are governed by PSAs, although some are governed by so‐

called sale and servicing agreements (“SSAs”) paired with indentures. The PSA‐

governed trusts are organized under New York law, and the SSA‐ and indenture‐

governed trusts are organized under Delaware law. Plaintiffs1 are pension funds

that invested in certain of the 530 trusts for which BNYM serves as trustee;

specifically, they hold certificates issued by twenty‐five of the PSA‐governed New

York trusts and one of the SSA‐ and indenture‐governed Delaware trusts. Plaintiffs

1 Plaintiffs are the Retirement Board of the Policemen’s Annuity and Benefit Fund of the City of Chicago, Westmoreland County Employee Retirement System, City of Grand Rapids General Retirement System, and City of Grand Rapids Police and Fire Retirement System.

4 assert claims on behalf of a putative class comprising investors who purchased

certificates from any one of the 530 trusts.

Countrywide Home Loans, Inc. and its affiliates (“Countrywide”), now

owned by Bank of America Corporation, originated the residential mortgage loans

underlying the 530 trusts at issue and sold them to the trusts. (Countywide also

acted as “master servicer” for the trusts, meaning that it was charged with collecting

payments from the mortgage loans and remitting them to the trusts.) In connection

with these loan sales, Countrywide made numerous representations and warranties

about the characteristics, credit quality, and underwriting of the mortgage loans. If

Countrywide received notice that particular loans breached these representations

and warranties in a way that materially and adversely affected the certificateholders,

it was obligated to cure the defect or repurchase the defective loans from the trust.

Plaintiffs allege that defects among the loans sold to the trusts were “systemic and

pervasive” as a result of Countrywide’s failure to adhere to prudent underwriting

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Retirement Board v. BNYM, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/retirement-board-v-bnym-ca2-2014.