Renfro v. Doe

979 S.W.2d 311
CourtCourt of Appeals of Tennessee
DecidedMarch 3, 1998
StatusPublished
Cited by5 cases

This text of 979 S.W.2d 311 (Renfro v. Doe) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Tennessee primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Renfro v. Doe, 979 S.W.2d 311 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1998).

Opinion

[312]*312 OPINION

McMURRAY, Judge.

This is an appeal from a summary judgment entered in favor of Ohio Casualty Insurance Company, an unnamed party brought before the court pursuant to T.C.A. § 56-7-1206. The question before us is whether the plaintiff, Steven Renfro, is an insured within the meaning of Ohio Casualty’s uninsured motorist (UM) policy provisions. The precise issue is whether the plaintiff, at the time of his injury, was “occupying” the covered vehicle as that term is defined in the policy under consideration. The trial court found, on motion for summary judgment, that the plaintiff was not “occupying” the vehicle. We reverse the judgment of the trial court.

The facts are not in dispute. On August 31, 1994, plaintiff, who was employed as a general construction laborer, received a call from his supervisor, Brent Thornell, who informed him that he and a fellow employee, Bill Hudlow, had run out of gasoline on the way to a work site. Thornell asked the plaintiff to bring them some fuel to service the truck. The truck driven by Thornell was insured under the Ohio Casualty’s UM policy-

Upon his arrival at the site, plaintiff parked his vehicle three to four feet behind the disabled truck. The vehicles were parked on the right side of the road, not entirely but mostly off the pavement. Plaintiff brought two cans of gasoline and began pouring the first into the truck’s tank. The tank was located near the rear of the driver’s side of the vehicle. After the first container was empty, Thornell began filling the tank with the second container.

As this was occurring, the persons present heard the screech of brakes and saw an out-of-control car coming around the curve and heading for the truck. Hudlow shouted “run!” and the men scattered. Thornell ran across the road and dived into a ditch. The plaintiff and Hudlow ran away from the road and the truck, across an adjacent lawn. When they saw and heard the approaching cai’, plaintiff and Hudlow were standing between the two vehicles and plaintiff was placing the empty gas can in the back of the insured truck.

The car careened off the road and struck the plaintiff, dragging him for about 100 yards. The driver of the car never stopped and has not been identified nor apprehended. Hudlow testified that the car was approximately eighteen to twenty feet from the road at the point where it struck the plaintiff. Plaintiff sustained serious injuries and testified that he has no memory of the entire incident.

Plaintiff filed this lawsuit against the unidentified motorist, State Farm Mutual Insurance Company (the UM insurance carrier for the truck he had driven to the site of the accident), and defendant Ohio Casualty Group of Insurance Companies. The trial court granted summary judgment in favor of State Farm. That judgment is not involved in this appeal.

As stated earlier, the determinative issue in this case is whether plaintiff was “occupying” the disabled truck, as that term is defined by the defendant’s UM insurance policy. If he was, the policy provides coverage for his injuries. The UM policy states that “ ‘occupying’ means in, upon, getting in, on, out or off.” The controversy revolves around whether plaintiff can fairly be determined to have been “upon” the insured truck within the meaning of the policy.

Our interpretation of defendant’s policy is guided by these well-established principles:

The analysis used in construing insurance policies is well settled. “Insurance contracts like other contracts should be construed so as to give effect to the intention and express language of the parties.” Blaylock & Brown Construction, Inc. v. AIU Insurance Co., 796 S.W.2d 146, 149 (Tenn.App.1990). Words in an insurance policy are given their common and ordinary meaning. Where language in an insurance policy is susceptible of more than one reasonable interpretation, however, it is ambiguous. See e.g., Moss v. Golden Rule Life Insurance Co., I2A S.W.2d 367, 368 (Tenn.App.1986). Where the ambiguous language limits the coverage of an insurance policy, that language must be [313]*313construed against the insurance company and in favor of the insured. Allstate Insurance Co. v. Watts, 811 S.W.2d 883, 886 (Tenn.1991).

Tata v. Nichols, 848 S.W.2d 649, 650 (Tenn. 1993).

The Supreme Court in Tata was presented with a question of law identical to that presented here. Since Tata, in our view, is the prevailing law, we will follow the Tata analysis. The Tata court, construing identical language in a UM insurance policy, determined that the word “upon” “has no precise meaning and is, therefore, sufficiently ambiguous under the circumstances of this case to require construction.” Id. at 651.

The facts in Tata are quite similar to those in the present case. In that case the plaintiff was crushed between two vehicles when an uninsured motorist crashed into the cars while plaintiff was trying to jump-start one of them on the side of the road. The court engaged in a thorough review of the out-of-state jurisdictions that had construed the term “upon” within the concept of “occupying.” Id. at 651-53. In so doing, the court rejected a narrow and constrictive construction of these terms, stating:

Other jurisdictions, however, have not defined “occupying” so narrowly, and the majority of jurisdictions hold that “occupying,” as defined in the policies before the Court, includes those who can establish a certain “relationship” with the insured ear at the time of the accident. In setting out the criteria to consider in determining whether this relationship exists, courts have looked to factors such as the proximity between the claimant and the insured car in time, distance, and geography, as well as the intent of the claimant. These jurisdictions have struggled to develop an analysis which determines a “rational limit” to the activity that may be said to be encompassed within the term “occupying.”

Id. at 651.

The Tata court cited and applied the test established by the court in Utica Mut. Ins. Co. v. Contrisciane, 504 Pa. 328, 473 A.2d 1005 (Pa.1984), which utilized the following criteria:

(1) there is a causal relation or connection between the injury and the use of the insured vehicle;
(2) the person asserting coverage must be in a reasonably close geographic proximity to the insured vehicle, although the person need not be actually touching it;
(3) the person must be vehicle oriented rather than highway or sidewalk oriented at the time; and
(4) the person must also be engaged in a transaction essential to the use of the vehicle at the time.

Id. at 652.

Subsequent Tennessee decisions addressing this issue have applied the Utica test. Younger v. Reliance Ins. Co.,

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Bluebook (online)
979 S.W.2d 311, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/renfro-v-doe-tennctapp-1998.