Rene Melendez-Diaz v. Merrick Garland

• Court: Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
• Decided: November 2, 2023
• Docket: 23-1371
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

USCA4 Appeal: 23-1371 Doc: 19 Filed: 11/02/2023 Pg: 1 of 3

UNPUBLISHED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

No. 23-1371

RENE RAFAEL MELENDEZ-DIAZ,

Petitioner,

v.

MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General,

Respondent.

On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals.

Submitted: October 31, 2023 Decided: November 2, 2023

Before HARRIS and QUATTLEBAUM, Circuit Judges, and KEENAN, Senior Circuit Judge.

Petition denied by unpublished per curiam opinion.

ON BRIEF: Nash Fayad, FAYAD LAW, P.C., Richmond, Virginia, for Petitioner. Brian Boynton, Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General, Brianne W. Cohen, Senior Litigation Counsel, Andrea N. Gevas, Office of Immigration Litigation, Civil Division, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Washington, D.C., for Respondent.

Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. USCA4 Appeal: 23-1371 Doc: 19 Filed: 11/02/2023 Pg: 2 of 3

PER CURIAM:

Rene Rafael Melendez-Diaz, a native and citizen of El Salvador, petitions for review

of an order of the Board of Immigration Appeals dismissing his appeal from the

immigration judge’s oral decision denying Melendez-Diaz’s applications for asylum,

withholding of removal, and protection under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”).

We deny the petition for review.

With regard to the claims for asylum and withholding of removal, we have

considered the parties’ arguments in conjunction with the administrative record and the

relevant authorities, including our recent holding in Morales v. Garland, 51 F.4th 553, 556-

58 (4th Cir. 2022) (affirming agency’s ruling that petitioner’s advanced particular social

group of “Salvadorean women who are witnesses to gang criminal activity and targeted

because they filed a police report” failed on both the particularity and social distinction

requirements for a cognizable “particular social group”). Having reviewed the issue de

novo, see Morales, 51 F.4th at 557, we discern no error in the agency’s holding that the

particular social group advanced by Melendez-Diaz—“Salvadoran witnesses who report

serious gang crimes to law enforcement”—was not legally cognizable. Specifically, we

agree that Melendez-Diaz’s attempts to limit the broader group of “witnesses to crime”

failed to “sharpen the boundary lines” for group inclusion so as to render it sufficiently

particular. Id.

As to the agency’s denial of Melendez-Diaz’s application for relief under the CAT,

we have reviewed the record and conclude that the evidence does not compel a ruling

contrary to the relevant administrative factual findings, see 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(B), and

2 USCA4 Appeal: 23-1371 Doc: 19 Filed: 11/02/2023 Pg: 3 of 3

that substantial evidence supports the denial of relief under the CAT, see Nasrallah v. Barr,

140 S. Ct. 1683, 1692 (2020).

Accordingly, we deny the petition for review. See In re Melendez-Diaz (B.I.A.

Mar. 7, 2023). We dispense with oral argument because the facts and legal contentions are

adequately presented in the materials before this court and argument would not aid the

decisional process.

PETITION DENIED